定语从句讲解PPT.ppt

定语从句高考考点例析Thebestwayyoucanget TheAttributiveClause Complexsentence复合句 由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子 其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 如主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 同位语 复合句 主句 定语从句 一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 定语 Thestudents whodonotstudyhard willnotpasstheexam 主句主语 从句主语 从句谓语结构 主句谓语结构 在句子中作定语 修饰名词或代词的从句 这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导 并作句子成分 定语从句还叫做嵌入句 因形容词定语 所以又称之为形容词性从句 Attributiveclause 定语从句的位置 通常在先行词 在主句中 后 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who 主语 宾语 whom 宾语 that 主语 宾语 whose 定语 that 主语 宾语 which 主语 宾语 whose 定语 where 地点状语 when 时间状语 why 原因状语 Attributiveclause 限制性定语从句restrictive 非限制性定语从句non restrictive 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 这种从句和主句关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 和主句关系不很密切 只是对先行词作些附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句 写时往往逗号分开 Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited inmyoffice Jenny withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday livesinmynextroom Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain ThatisMr Wang whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool 注意 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that 指人时用who 主语 whom 宾语 指物时须用which 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 关系代词 做句子成分关系副词 不做句子成分五大基本句型 主谓 Vi 主谓 Vt 宾主谓 Vt 宾宾主谓 Vt 宾宾补主系表 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 规律 缺成分 用关系代词 不缺成分 用关系副词that人 物主 宾which物主 宾who人主whom人宾whose人 物定语where地点 具体和抽象 jobfieldsituationcase等when时间why原因 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 1 找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全 如齐全用关系副词 用什么关系副词看先行词 I llneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheleague onwhich 时间状语 ThisisthehouseIlivedtwoyearsago where 地点状语 Doyouknowthereasonshewaslate forwhich 原因状语 关系副词在从句中做状语 此时相当于 介词 which when inwhich why 2 如定语从句中缺宾语 确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词 如是 用关系代词 如不是 用关系副词 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987 stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknow werekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr Wang AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom 3 如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构 有主语 则用关系副词 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 口诀 做主语 指物 用that which做主语 指人 用that who做宾语 指物 用that who 不做宾语 指人 用that whom 不 考点二 that和which的选择 1 只用that 不用which 当先行词为all much little few none something anything everything nothing等不定代词时 如 a Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone b Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow c Thereislittle that theenemycandobesidessurrender 先行词被all every no some any little much修饰时 I vereadallthebooks that yougaveme 考点二 that和which的选择 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread Thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninEnglish 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone that Ireallylike Thisistheverybook that Iwanttofind 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 这个定语从句要用that而不用who whom 和which引导 如 Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools that hehadvisited 先行词是疑问词who which what时 定语从句用that而不用who whom 和which引导 考点二 that和which的选择 Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Maryisnolongerthegirl that sheusedtobe Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe Which可以引导非限定性定语从句 可用于介词后 其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 1Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it 考点二 that和which的选择 2 只用which的情况 B B 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 1 位置上的区别 as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活 可以放在主句前 也可以放在主句后 还可插在主句的中间 而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 Asisknowntousall theearthturnsaroundthesun Theearth asisknowntousall turnsaroundthesun Theearthturnsaroundthesun asisknowntousall Theearthturnsaroundthesun whichourparentsoncetolduswhenwewereveryyoung 2 用于thesame as such as as as so as 中 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday 3 as代表前面主句意思时 有 正如 之意 而which没有此意思 从句中的动词常是expect know see think want suppose等 Hewonthematch aswehadexpected Heagreedtotheplan aswastobeexpected Thepolicewerelookingforhim ashethought 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift 4 as在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如beknown besaid bereported等 如从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用which作主语 e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy 5 如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用 或者说导致的结果 则用which a Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney whichwasverydisgraceful b Hecamebacklate whichmadehismotherworried 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 如何选定介词 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 4 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 5 Whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词when where why可以用适当的介词 which来替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介词的位置非常灵活 有时放在关系代词之前 有时放在动词之后 eg 1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 思考 是否所有的介词 关系代词都能用关系副词代替 Thepainting Ilooked waspaintedbyme atwhich Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago aboutwhich Thepen shewrotethatbook cannowbeseeninamuseum withwhich Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where inwhich Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship onwhich when duringwhich Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 结论 只有当介词 关系代词充当地点状语 时间状语或原因状语时 才能用关系副词代替 五 注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致 例如 TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA TomistheonlyoneofthetheboyswhoisfromtheUSA 六 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠 1 在定语从句中 不管出现任何情况 主句的结构必须完整 即主句必须有主语和谓语 缺一不可 否则 整个主从复合句就无法成立 试比较 1 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek 2 Isthisthefactory wevisitedlastweek A whichB whereC whatD theone 分析 第一题缺少表语 只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性 而其他的选项均为干扰项 第二题主句本身完整 应填的关系代词在从句中作visited的宾语 故应选A项 25 可编辑 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 theone to which 5 Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous that 5 Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom 6 Thestudentwho sbookIhadborroweddidn tcometoschooltoday 7 Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory 8 Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently 9 ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10 Whichisknowntoall manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky as Whose that that that As 练习题 1 All isusefultousisgood A whichB whatC thatD whether C 2 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek A whereB thatC whichD theone D 3 Shewillneverforgettheday shespentinBeijing A whenB whatC whichD why C 4 Thisistheschool myfatherworked20yearsago A thatB whenC whichD where D 5 Thisistheveryfactory wevisitedlastyear A thatB whichC whatD theone A 6 Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories learntinthepastthreedays A thathaveB thathavebeenC whichhasD whichhasbeen B 7 Thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak A whoB whoseC ofwhomD which B 8 Letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused A whereB thatC ofwhomD which A 9 Theman youaretalkingisinthenextroom A towhomB aboutwhomC aboutwhoD whom B 10 Thisisthelastfactory heusedtoworkat manyworkersof stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithh