我国与英国绿色建筑评价标准英文论文.doc

.Table of Contents Abstract.2Keyword.21. The background of Residential evaluation criteria between China and the United Kingdom22. The introduction of residential evaluation criteria by China and the UK32.1 Sustainable residential standards of the UK32.2 Green building evaluation standards （ GB / T 50378-2006 ） of china43. The A Comparative of two kinds of standards43.1 Energy use53.2 Use of water resources53.3 materials and material resource utilization53.4 Indoor environmental quality63.5 Operations Management63.6 Other indicators74. Conclusion7Bibliography9Green Building standards evaluation of different countriesAbstract: The development of green building to promote the construction industry to save energy and resources , protect the environment , the challenges of climate change , an important means of achieving sustainable development , and standards for the promotion of green building development has an important role . This article describes the Green Building Evaluation Standard ( GB / T 50378-2006 ) and the United Kingdom sustainable residential standard evaluation index , evaluation criteria and evaluation methods and evaluation system by the contrast between the two countries in the similarities and differences obtained for our existing green building rating system some improvements conclusions.Keyword: Compare ; Evaluate ; House; Standard; 1. The background of Residential evaluation criteria between China and the United Kingdom Global climate change, a profound impact on human survival and development , is a major challenge facing all countries . The building is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions , one of the worlds major developed countries are the construction industry as a response to climate change focal area , through the development of energy and resource efficient and environmentally friendly green building to reduce building energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, in the background of the global financial crisis , some countries will develop green building as an important means to promote economic development, economic difficulties off the swing . The British government announced in May 2007 , the UK Energy White Paper has set specific targets for the development of the renewable energy in the United Kingdom , one of the more influential the December 2006 release of Sustainable residential standards standard requires that all new buildings in 2008 mandatory assessment of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions , energy consumption and greenhouse gas put in large part to constraints , in this respect , the standard contrast is far from full , it is necessary this research work to a higher level , in order to promote future standards . China has the worlds largest construction market , building energy consumption per unit area is relatively high. In 2006, the building energy consumption in China has reached 563 million tons of standard coal , accounting for 23.1% of the year total social energy consumption . 2020 building energy consumption will reach 40% of the total energy consumption of the whole society , the carbon dioxide produced will challenge the environmental carrying limit . China attaches great importance to the construction industry to address climate change , released in October 2008 White Paper on Chinas climate change policies and actions 。the importance of “active promotion of energy-saving and environment- building and green building “.Since 2001 , Green ecological residential construction points and Technology Guide、Summer and cold winter region residential building energy efficiency design standards （JGJ134-2010）、Public buildings energy efficient design standards（ GB 50189-2005）and Green building rating standards（GB / T 50378-2006 ） had been Promulgate by Chinese Government.2. The introduction of residential evaluation criteria by China and the UK2.1 Sustainable residential standards of the UK According to statistics, in 2004 , the United Kingdom more than 1/4 of the carbon dioxide that cause climate change emissions come from residential heating lighting and operation of residential water use, solid waste generation , pollution, the use of materials in use and under construction on the environment a lot of impact . BREEAM is the worlds first Green Building Rating System , the evaluation object from the initial office buildings , supermarkets , industrial buildings, new residential development to ecological house. in 2000 . The sustainable residential standards promulgated by the United Kingdom in December 2006 on the basis of the BREEAM ecological residential development , both contain 9 categories of indicators , of which only two categories of indicators are not the same . BREEAM based on well-developed Sustainable residential standards for the development of future regulations on the basis of the carbon dioxide emissions and energy use . In the short term , the implementation of the standard is voluntary, but the British Government to encourage developers to take standard definition , consider mandatory assessment of future sustainability criteria . Sustainable residential standards is divided into six levels . Star basic level , is higher than the level of building codes , six stars being the highest . Energy and water at each level must have reflected, in order to emphasize the importance of sustainable housing . In addition to these minimum requirements standards with considerable design flexibility , developers can choose the standard to achieve the level they want . Sustainable residential standards using a simple scoring system , no complex weights . In addition, the standard also includes some new areas of sustainable design , such as life-long residential and composting facilities .2.2 Green building evaluation standards （ GB / T 50378-2006 ） of chinaThis standard is to implement , implementation, improve resource conservation requirements of the standard , developed in the summary of green building in China in recent years of practical experience and research results, and learn from advanced international experience on the basis of the first multi-objective , multi-level green construction comprehensive evaluation standard . This standard consists of six categories of indicators , each type of indicators , including control , general items and preferences . Green building rating a prerequisite for all to meet the control requirements in the residential construction . Meet the general number of items and the extent of the preferences , green building is divided into three levels: a Star Award Samsung, Samsung is the highest level .3. The A Comparative of two kinds of standardsSection select the Green Building Evaluation Standards ( GB / T50378 - 2006 ) and the UK sustainable residential standards as a research object , the evaluation methods in the evaluation system , the similarities and differences between the evaluation of the object , contents and evaluation criteria were compared. Followed by a preliminary comparative evaluation of the two countries , although there are differences in the number of the two countries on green building evaluation areas there are very similar , this section according to the degree of similarity of the indicators , the two standard evaluation similar indicators for comparison.3.1 Energy useTwo green building evaluation attaches great importance to energy use in the building construction and use of the process , the design of the evaluation , this section is a direct reference to the UK indicators of sustainable residential standards relatively complete evaluation comparison of the evaluation criteria of the two countries . The comparison shows that , in the evaluation system of building energy use efficiency , our evaluation criteria qualitative Ordinance is fine, but the lack of a clear and quantifiable evaluation , the actual evaluation process may be due to the evaluator s own cognitive differences . Lead to the uncertainty of the results of the evaluation weakening the enforceability of our evaluation criteria , in addition, the target rate of emissions , indoor lighting impact on building energy efficiency the larger indicator does not make clear that , while the British Standards not only specific evaluation content more comprehensive than our country , and each indicator has a corresponding score calculated value , very beneficial to the actual implementation .3.2 Use of water resourcesBuilding construction process and the process of using water-use efficiency as an important evaluation of the future of green building , green building rating system in the two countries also has a very detailed evaluation criteria . The comparison shows that , in water conservation and utilization of water resources of a reasonable full use of water resources , the use of energy-efficient facilities for the evaluation of priorities , as well as the evaluation of non-traditional water sources on the building , but not in the standard perfect and reasonable to give a clear definition is difficult to accurately evaluate . The UK water consumption per person per day to give specific quantitative , taking into account to reduce the occurrence of surface water runoff and floods .3.3 materials and material resource utilizationAt present , the number of China s construction waste accounted for 30 % to 40% of municipal waste by 2020 , China will add about 300 million square meters of construction area , new construction waste generated is a stunning figure . Environmentally friendly and can be recycled building materials can effectively reduce the generation of construction waste and energy waste is an important indicator for measuring building sustainability . The comparison shows that the use of the material savings , material selection criteria , sources of building materials , decorative materials sources are given a more clearly defined , but the lack of quantifiable evaluation criteria in the environmental evaluation of building materials , there is still room for further improvement space . Industrialized British production of construction materials , follow-up maintenance of the required materials must also ensure that there is sufficient reliable source , so will the reliability of material procurement as an important indicator of sustainability assessment house .3.4 Indoor environmental qualityIndoor environmental quality covers all indoor air parameters , from the comfort factors to the factors that affect indoor air quality . It is because of indoor environmental pollution will result in a significant impact on staff and the entire socio-economic , indoor environmental quality has become an important indicator to measure building comfort has also become an important parameter of evaluation of sustainable architecture . The comparison shows , indoor environmental quality , the evaluation criteria between the two countries in terms of lighting, sound insulation of buildings clearly defined . In addition, the Green Building Evaluation Standards ( GB / T50378 - 2006 ) refinement of the provisions of ventilation , insulation and air quality , sustainable residential standards focus on residential privacy and lifelong use to make provisions .3.5 Operations ManagementIn the building construction process and the post - operation process equipment investment and management efficiency will be a very big impact on the energy consumption of the building , operation and management mode , and effective equipment investment will greatly To reduce energy consumption in the life of the building process , green building rating standards developed by the two countries , are invariably the building construction process management and post - operational management into the areas of inspection . The comparison shows that , in the construction of buildings , the evaluation criteria of the two countries , focusing on the timely processing of on-site construction waste , pollution control as well as to improve the efficiency of resource use , in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection ; Green Building Evaluation Standards ( GB / T50378 - 2006 ) focus on inputs of energy-saving equipment and to develop appropriate systems to achieve energy-saving , environmental protection and security purposes , the sustainable residential standards in addition to the corresponding facilities , Also focus on guidance and training by building occupants or users , develop its own to achieve the process of using the energy-saving , environmental protection and security to provide a new path of exploration , operation and management of buildings .3.6 Other indicatorsIn addition to the above five indicators in the Green Building Evaluation Standards ( GB / T50378 - 2006 ) , including the evaluation of the environmental aspects of buildings and land and outdoor , the index focuses on the lighting of the building in which the external environment , sunshine , ventilation , green and the surrounding transportation and other elements of the test . sustainable residential standards pay attention to the global warming potential (GWP) , the NOx emissions of the building , construction of ecological environment and construction area of evaluation .4. ConclusionIn this paper, compared for similarities and differences between the Chinese and British green building rating system , shows that countries with their own national conditions and a certain feasibility of green building rating system is designed , and the selection of evaluation index , the design of the evaluation criteria and evaluation methods exist a certain degree of similarity and difference . On selecting of measures , both energy consumption , water use , use of building materials , indoor environmental quality and operational management as an important indicator to measure green building , but the design of the evaluation of the indicators , pay more attention to the building thing in itself green energy and the inspection of the building surrounding environment , the United Kingdom focus on building energy efficiency , while also taking into account the impact assessment of the users of the building energy literacy appraisal , and building on the global climate . The design of the evaluation criteria , combined with the research and promotion of green building in its infancy, various types of standards is not yet uniform status of Green Building Evaluation Standards ( GB / T50378 - 2006 ) evaluation criteria more qualitative requirements , difficult to clearly Reviews . In practice , they often need the help of current professional standards in order to make a more precise definition of green building is not strong , but the existing professional standards or targeted , or not able to clear the green building requirements , inadequate coverage , an increase of difficult to implement . UK such an early start , all kinds of specification relatively uniform perfect, sustainable residential standards in various types of evaluati