美国教育英文简单介绍.ppt

EducationintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 美国教育体系 I Thegoalofeducation Giveamanafishandhewilleatforaday Teachamanhowtofishandhewilleatfortherestofhislife ChineseProverbThegoalofeducationistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswitheducationalopportunities EducationintheUnitedStatesisprovidedmainlybygovernment withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels federal state andlocal Eachof50statesintheUnitedStateshasitsownlawsregulatingeducation Fromstatetostate somelawsaresimilar othersarenot II Education alocalmatter III ExpenditureofEducation Educationalfundsarefromseveralsources Fundsforelementaryandsecondaryschoolscomefrom3sources about50 fromlocalpropertytaxes 40 50 fromthestates 8 9 fromthefederalgovernment Elementaryschoolandsecondaryschool Inmostareas freepublicschooleducationbeginswithkindergartenclassesfor5yearsold Almostallthe50stateshavelawsthatrequire12yearsofcompulsoryattendanceatschoolforchildren Insomeschoolsystem the12gradesaredividedintotwostages thefirst6gradesforelementaryschoolandthenext6gradesforsecondaryschool Inotherschoolsystem therearethreedivisions elementaryschool grades1 6 juniorhighschool 7 9 andseniorhighschool 10 12 EducationintheUnitedStates Grade Age Preschool Kindergarten 5 6 ElementarySchool 1stGrade 2ndGrade 3rdGrade 4thGrade 5thGrade 6 7 7 8 8 9 12 13 10 11 6thGrade 7thGrade 8thGrade 11 12 9 10 13 14 MiddleSchool 9thGrade 14 15 10thGrade 11thGrade 12thGrade 15 16 16 17 17 18 HighSchool IV CurriculaforStudents 1 ElementarySchoolAlthoughthefederalgovernmenthasnonationalcurriculumforeducation almosteveryelementaryschoolprovidesinstructioninthesesubjects languagearts math penmanship science socialstudies music art andphysicaleducation PhysicalEducation 2 SecondarySchool Secondaryschoolsofferthesesubjects English mathematics science socialstudiesandphysicaleducation Mostschoolsofferforeignlanguages SpanishisthemostpopularforeignlanguageforAmericans ClassatmosphereisusuallyrelaxedinAmericanschools Americaneducatorbelievethatchildrenlearnbetterwhentheyarehappyandinterested soeveryefforthasbeenmadetoarousetheinterestsoftheindividual PublicSchools Publicschoolsarelocallycontrolled Firstly publicschoolsaresupportedbytaxespaidbyallpeoplewhetherornottheyhavechildrenattendingschools Secondly theyarefreefromreligiousinfluence Publicschoolseducateabout88 ofallAmericanchildren PrivateSchools Mostprivateschoolsarerelatedtoreligiousgroups Intheseschools religiousinstructionispartofthecurriculumToday about12 ofallAmericanchildrengotoprivateschoolsfortheirelementaryandsecondaryeducation MiddleSchoolinU S A 2020 3 18 16 可编辑 StandardizedTests Inthelastyearofhighschool studentswhowanttogoontoreceivehighereducationhavetotakesomekindofstandardizedtests ThemostpopulartestsareScholasticAssessmentTests SAT andtheAmericanCollegeTesting ACT SAT TheSATisathree hour multiple choiceexammeasuringverbal math andreasoningskills ItisrequiredbymosthighereducationinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesfortheadmissiontoundergraduatedegreeprograms EntranceRequirementofaUniversityoraCollege Successfulapplicantsatsuchcollegesareusuallychosenonthebasisof TheirhighschoolacademicperformanceLettersofrecommendationfromtheirhighschoolteachersTheimpressiontheymakeduringtheinterviewsattheuniversityTheirscoresonSAT TheComplexSystemofHigherEducation Itcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutions TheuniversityThefour yearundergraduateinstitution thecollegeThetechnicaltraininginstitutionThetwo year orcommunitycollege TheMilitaryAcademy TheonlyinstitutionsofhighereducationfundedbythefederalgovernmentarerelatedtotheMilitary TheyaretheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy 陆军学校 atWestPoint NewYork theUnitedStatesNavalAcademy 海军学校 inAnnapolis Maryland andtheUnitedStatesAirForceAcademy 空军军官学校 inColoradoSprings Colorado Credit Oneofthemeasurementsforanundergraduateinacademicprogressiscreditor point Typically anundergraduatestudenthastoearnacertainnumberofcredits about120 inordertoreceivethebachelor sdegreeattheendoffouryearsofcollege Creditsareearnedbyattendinglectures orlabclasses andbysuccessfullycompletingassignmentsandexaminations StudentswhowanttopursuegraduatestudyhavetotaketheGraduateRecordExamination GRE ortheLawSchoolAdmissionsTest LSAT forlawschool ortheMedicalCollegeAdmissionsTest MCAT ifonewantstogotoamedicalschool TableofAcademicDegrees PublicUniversities PublicuniversitiesareoperatedbyastateorlocalgovernmentSomefamouspublicuniversities UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkleyUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngles UCLA UniversityofVirginia PrivateUniversities About25percentofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesareprivatelyoperatedbyreligiousorganization ThemostprestigiousuniversitiesinAmericaaretheolderprivateuniversities suchasHarvardUniversity 1636 YaleUniversity 1701 PrincetonUniversity 1746 ColumbiaUniversity 1754 etc IvyLeagueUniversities IvyLeagueUniversitiesrefertotheeightolderprivateuniversitiesintheeastofAmerica HarvardUniversity1636CambridgeMAYaleUniversity1701NewHavenCN