译林版八年级上册第三单元知识点.doc

译林出版社8年级上英语 Unit 3 知识点1. What are you going to do,Eddie？1）be going to +动词原形，一般将来时，表示打算或计划做某事。be随句子主语的人称和数量变化而变化。Were going to buy a new TV tomorrow.He is giong to play football with his friends this Sunday.2）一般将来时的其他表达形式为：will+动词原形，shall+动词原形。2. You need to exercise and keep fit.1）need 意为“需要”，可作实义动词和情态动词A实义动词：need + 名词/动词不定式I need much more money. Youre too fat, you need to exercise.Bneed + v.ing形式时表示被动意义The flowers need watering. Your clothes need washing.Cneed 做情态动词时，不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语； 在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前；疑问句中, 则在主语之前。 多用在否定句或疑问句中； 无人称和数的变化； 否定式构成是在后面加 not。You need not attend the meeting tomorrow. You didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him sad. 2）exercise v. 锻炼、训练 You dont exercise enough.3）exercise n. “练习”和“早操”讲，是可数名词。If you want to improve your English,you must do more exercises.They do morning exercises every morning.词汇运用：Our English teacher often tells us to do many_(exercise)after class.3. Lets enjoy ourselves.1）lets引导的句子为祈使句，后面加动词原形Lets go!2）enjoy onesflf 意为“玩的开心”，相当于have a good/great/wonderful time 或者have fun.onesflf是反身代词，它包括ourselves我们自己；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves他/它/她们自己； itself它自己；himself他自己；herself她自己；myself我自己They enjoyed themselves during the holiday.3）反身代词的常用句型enjoy oneself-help oneself to teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneselfhurt oneself 伤到自己 keep sth to oneself 把放在某人自己心里leave sb alone by oneself 把某人独自留下look after oneself=take care of oneself照顾自己4）enjoy sth./doing sth.,相当于like,loveMy little sister enjoys reading picture books.例题：-Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday?-Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed _.A. themselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves4. How wide is the bridge?1）特殊疑问句常以how,what开头。How+形容词(long,wide,tall,high)+be+主语?例如how many,how much,how long,how often,how soon.2）wide adj.宽的，宽广的，引申为范围大的，广泛的。He has wide knowledge on the subject. 他对于那个问题有渊博的知识。3）wide adv.广泛的，张的很大的。Open your mouth wide, so that I may see clearly whats wrong with your teeth.把嘴张大些,以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。4）widely adv. wide通常表示范围或程度的极点, widely通常表示范围或程度的广大，常常不可丈量。He has travelled widely. 他曾遍游各地。翻译：他把门开得大大的。 He opened the door wide. 英语在世界范围内广泛使用。English is widely used in the world.5. The bridge is made of steel,isnt it?1）be made of 意为“由制成”，强调从成品中可以看得出原材料。The desk is made of wood. 桌子由木头制成。2）be made from 也是“由制成”的意思,强调从成品中看不出原材料。Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。3）be made in “由制造”，强调产地This kind of machine is made in China.4）be made by “被（人）制造”，说明制造者是谁This ship is made by the workers.注意：be made by hand意思是手工制造 be made up of由.组成5）该句是反义疑问句，前肯后否，前否后肯。例题1：用(up)of,from,by,in填空Mysweaterismade_wool.Ourteachertoldusthatwaterwasmade_oxygenandhydrogen.例题2：Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do theyHis sister had a bad cough, _she?A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D. didnt5. Take care!1）take care保重，通常用于信件或告别语。2）take(good)care of=look after sb.(well)翻译：我会照顾你的孩子的。 6. Yesterday Kittys teacher Mr.Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.1）invite v.邀请invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事” I invited him to join our club.invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人去某地” Amy invited me to her birthday party.2）invitation n.邀请；邀请函；招待；招致，引诱I appreciate your invitation.感谢你的邀请。3）join 意为“加入、参加”，表示加入某个组织、党派或社会团体从而成为其成员。join the pioneer 加入少先队 join the army 参军join in 也是“加入、参加”，多指参加比赛或活动，join in=take part in +活动，join sb in doing sth 加入某人做某事 Why didnt you join in the talk last night?4）join,join,take part in,attend区别：join指参加某团体或组织成为其中一员或参加活动，常加club,Party等。attend主要指“到场”或“出席”会议、宴会、典礼、仪式等，如：class,meeting等。take part in指参加一项工作,在其中分担一部分,也指参加活动并积极工作，如activity等。例题：用 join/join in/take part in/attend 的适当形式填空。Were going to visit the flower show tomorrow. Will you _us?How many countries_ the last Olympic Games?He didnt _-school yesterday because of his illness.All the league members_the meeting,at whichten students _ the league.Will you_us_playing basketball?7. We finally arrived at the park.1）arrive at 意为“到达”，arrive at +小地点（如村、镇、车站等），arrive in 也是“到达”，arrive in +大地点（如国家、大城市等）2）arrive,get, reach区分都有“到达”的意思，arrive和get都是不及物动词，前者较正式，后者较口语化。两者之后均不可直接加宾语，但可接here, there, home之类表地点的副词作状语。We got/ arrived here last night.要表示“到达某地”，arrive要借助介词in或者at；而get其后需接介词to，When we got to the park, it began to rain.reach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词作宾语，reach Nanjing 到南京。Reach之后也可接here,there,home等词。例题：-When will the plane _? - In an hour.A. reach B. arrive in C. get to D. arriveThey arrivedShanghaia cold morning. A. in: in B. in: on C. at: on D. at: in8. There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world.1）more than=over超过This city has a population of more than 1,000,000. 这个城市人口超过一百万。2）数词用法当前面有数词以及many，several等词修饰时，这三个词用单数形式，后面直接跟复数名词。Two hundred old people died of cold last winter. 去年冬天200名老人被冻死。当这几个词前面没有数词而后面有of时，则一定要用复数形式，表示数百、 数千等笼统的数目概念。 hundreds of dollars 数百美元3）interest(使.感兴趣)是完全及物动词。 English interests him a lot. 英文使他很感兴趣。 4）interested adj.人作主语 interesting 物作主语 sb+ be interested in sth.对.感兴趣 I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasnt interested. 我想把这件事告诉他，可他简直不感兴趣。I am interested in finding the truth of the story. 我对寻找这个故事的真实性很感兴趣。 5）interest是名词，有复数形式，show/develop interest in sth.对.产生兴趣Music and dancing are his interests. 音乐和跳舞是他的兴趣。例题： Several _ new books were sold out last week。A.of thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousandThe story is_and all of us are_in it.A.interest;interesting B.interesting ;interest C.interested;interesting D.interesting；interested9. Luckily,some climbers helped Simon.1）luck n.运气，幸运 Good luck(with you)!祝你好运lucky adj.幸运的 luckily-反义：unluckilyHe is really a lucky dog. 他真是个幸运的家伙。2）help sb.with sb./help sb.do sth.10. The match takes place on,_,17 October.1）take place,happen区别 happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。happen to sbsth 指不好的事情发生在某人（物）身上。take place指必然会发生的事情时，多用 take place；此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。The meeting will take place soon. 会议即将举行。The accident happened at six oclock. 事故发生在六点钟。2）具体的，特指的时间前用on on the morning of 6 Januaryon a cold morning翻译：地震是什么时候发生的？ 在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。When did the earthquake happan?Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.11. Donr forget to bring your friends.1）祈使句否定句型常用dont开头。2）forget to do表示忘记去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。I shall never forget meeting you for the first time. 我将永不会忘记第一次见到你的情景。常见的搭配还有：remember doing/to do sth.3）bring,take,carry的区别bring 表示“拿来”,指从别处拿过来,方向一般是说话者,多指比较近的东西,也可以指带到一个说话人将要到达的地方,有时还可指由说话者随身带着(去某处),可以包括“带走”; take 表示“拿走”“带走”,指从此处拿出去,例如:When you go home take the letter with you.你回家去的时候,把信带去。fetch表示“去拿来”; carry则指“随身带着”,没有明确的方向性,同时强调体力方面的负担,可代替bring和take,例如:The mother carries her baby in her arms.母亲把小宝宝抱在怀里。例题：- The light in the office is still on. - Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off12. We will go there by underground.1）go there中there是副词，因此go to的to可以省略。类似结构还有get home,get there。2）by undergrond表示乘地铁。A用“by+交通工具”表示交通方式。如：by bike, by bus, by car , by plane , by train , by subway 等。但是，“步行”用on foot , 而不是by foot. by + 表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词，泛指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语名词前无任何修饰语，且只能用单数且只能用单数且只能用单数且只能用单数。B用take a +交通工具”表示交通方式。如：take a bus , take a train , take a ship , 但“骑自行车”要用ride a bike 来表达Cin/on + in/on + in/on + in/on + 表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词表示交通工具的名词 , 或泛指或特指“乘/坐某种交通工具”，其中名词前常有冠词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰语，名词可以是单数或复数。13. The cost is about.1）spend,pay,cost,take用法spend(spent,spent) pay(paid,paid) cost(cost,cost) take(took,taken)Aspend( 主语是人) spend+ 时间/钱+ on sth. I spent 100 yuan on the dictionary. spend+时间/钱+ (in) doing sth. He spends an hour doing his h