研究社综合英语2第7单元课后习题翻译.docx

III.Vocabulary1. Most anthropologists accept the fact almost universally that social paternity is considered to be more important than the biological.大多数人类学家都普遍接受这样一个事实，那就是社会亲子关系比生物亲子关系更重要。（deemed 考虑）2. In the first place,knowledge workers gain access to jobs and social positions through formal education.首先，知识工作者通过正规教育获得就业机会和社会地位。(to begin with首先)3. Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man;he was successful as a statesman,soldier,sportsman,explorer,and author.西奥多罗斯福是一个多才多艺的人, 他是一个成功的政治家, 士兵, 运动员, 探险家和作家。（Multitalented多才多艺 ） 4. Mr.Bush is trustworthy;he has dealt honestly with us for over 20 years.布什先生是值得信赖的; 他已经诚实地对待我们20年了。（fair and square 诚实）5. When a player balls his hand into a fist, when he drives his helmet into an unsuspecting opponent - in short when he crosses the boundary between playing hard and playing to hurt - he can only intend an act of violence.当一个运动员把他的手握成拳头，当他把他的头盔挥向一个毫无防备的对手-总之当他越过艰苦的游戏和伤害的界限时-他只会想要采取暴力行为。（Adversary 对手）6. The old man was very angry at having to pay out so much money for such simple repairs.老人很生气，这么简单的修理却要付这么多钱。 （fork over支付）7. The President,urged on by his staff,has decided to attend the preliminary talks on disarmament which will be held in Geneva sometime next month.主席在其团队的催促下, 决定参加将于下个月某个时候在日内瓦举行的关于裁军问题的初步会谈。（spurred 呼吁）8. Sophia telephoned me the day before yesterday,saying that she planned to stop off in Colorado on the way to California.索菲亚前天打电话给我，说她打算在去加利福尼亚的途中在科罗拉多停留。（ en route to 在途中）9. The dream,generally described as “a sequence of sensations,images,thoughts,etc.passing through a sleeping persons mind,”seems to have had an insoluble bond with poetry since time immemorial.这个梦，通常被描述为“一系列的感觉，图像，思想，等等。”经过一个熟睡的人的心灵，“似乎与诗歌有着不可解的联系。（ portrayed描述）10. Believe it or not,a friend of mine is able to guess at a womans appearance from the sound of her voice.信不信由你，我的一个朋友能从一个女人的声音中猜出她的外貌。（ conjecture about猜）B .1. Some folks whose own behavior is most dubious are always to the fore in calumniating others.有些自己的行为才是最可疑的人,他们总是恶人先告状。(eulogizing颂扬)2. The November 17-day coal strike,which was terminated December 7,brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.11月17日的一次罢工，于12月7日结束，导致了近一年的商业和生产瘫痪。(perpetuated延续)3. Although in principle any component of language can be borrowed ,some components are much more immune to borrowing than others.尽管原则上语言的任何成分都可以被借用，但有些成分比其他成分更容易被借用。(susceptible易受影响的)4. Those right-wing people who most honor their monarch see no reason for any apology.(besmirch)那些最尊敬他们的君主的右翼的人认为没有理由做出任何道歉。5. Karen Ann Quinlan, a 21-year-old woman, fell into a permanent vegetative state as a result of ingesting a mixture of tranquilizers and alcohol.卡伦安昆兰，一个21岁的女人，陷入了永久植物人状态，这是摄入镇静剂和酒精的混合物的结果。(stimulants兴奋剂)6. Impeachment is an ultimate check on executive misconduct, which is substantial in nature and which subverts the structure of government or undermines the integrity of the office or the Constitution itself.(sustains维持)弹劾是对行政失当的最终检查，它实质上颠覆了政府的结构，破坏了政府或宪法本身的完整性。7. While most allergies are mild, others, like the allergic reaction to insect or snake venom, can be strong enough to kill.虽然大多数过敏是温和的，但是其他的譬如昆虫或蛇毒的过敏性反应，可以强大到足以致命。(ferocious凶猛的)8. Many of these young adults will themselves be debilitated by AIDS and may even require care from their children or elderly parents rather than providing it.这些年轻人中的许多因为艾滋病而身体遭受削弱，甚至无法帮助他们的孩子或年迈的父母，而需要他们的帮助。(fortified强化)9. The promise of brilliant sunshine got the bank holiday weekend off to a cheerful start today.阳光灿烂的预报使得今天的银行周末假日开了一个愉快的好头。(bleak惨淡凄凉的)10. Admitting you have made a mistake in front of others is a sign of strength, not weakness.11. 在别人面前承认你的错误是优点的标志，而不是弱点。(frailty脆弱)C.1. A new law disqualifies persons from getting unemployment insurance if they quit without good cause.一项新的法律取消某些人获得失业保险的资格如果他们没有充分的辞职理由。A.忽视，轻视 B.忽视，忽略 C.不够格，取消.的资格 D是不知所措，压垮2. Int this area,unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off.在这方面，失业率再次上升，零售业购买率已经下降 。A.退却，后退 B.发生，脱落 C.倒下，跌倒，失败 D. 跌落，下降，减少3. As far as I know, the clerk has subscribed $1000 to the collection for the hospital.据我所知，店员已给医院筹款 1,000 美元。A.谋求，参军，入伍 B.挪用，盗用，贪污 C.消散，消失，浪费D. 筹款4. I can take our children anywhere.Im never afraid that theyre going to show me up in some restaurant.我可以把我们的孩子带到任何地方。 我从来不怕他们会在一些餐厅里丢我脸。A.赶上，把缠住 B.放出，准许暂停工作，宽恕C. 丢脸 ，露面D 关小，调低.5. The priest absolved the man after he confessed his sin and did penance.神父在这个人忏悔他的罪恶并做了补赎之后赦免了他的罪。A.谴责，指责，给判罪 B.审查，仔细检查 C. 使眼花缭乱D.赦免，宣布无罪6. In some societies,when death approaches,the dying person is moved out of the living quarters as a precaution against spiritual pollution.在某些社会中，当死亡临近时，垂死的人搬出了住处来作为反对精神污染的一项预防措施。A.出现，发生 B.以下，跟随 C.消失，不见 D.迫近，靠近，临近7. Because of vehement competition in business,many enterprises are compelled to offer enticements to attract and keep workers.由于激烈的商业竞争，很多企业都不得不提供诱惑来吸引和留住工人。A.贿赂 ，收买B.兴奋剂，刺激物 C.奖项，奖金，报酬 D. 诱惑，怂恿8. What worried him most of all at the time was that while the questions rolled around in his mind,he had no answers.让他最担心的是，此时此刻当这些问题萦绕在他脑中，而他却没有答案。A.掉下，减少，跌落，下降B.卷起，转降C. 变软，做热身运动D.翻转，翻阅9. He wouldnt give evidence.I think someone paid him up 他没有提供证据。 我觉得有人贿赂他了 。A. 贿赂，有回报B.还清，全部付清 C.支付 D.支出，报复10. His youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a non-sports career cramped his chances of finding a job in his later years.他年轻时对学习的漠视和对职业生涯的不思进取束缚了他之后找工作的机会。A.刺激，激励，鼓励 B.确定，查明 C. 限制，束缚 D. 开始实施，发起ClozeThe Olympics have become a tool of commercialism, a trend that has accelerated in recent decades. 奥运会已成为一种商业化的工具，近几十年来，这种趋势加速了。 Companies and products benefit from association with the Olympics, which have an aura of both virtue and excellence. 公司和产品从与奥运会的联合（合作）中受益，因为奥运会具有美德和卓越（优秀）的光环。 The games are one of the greatest media events on earth, with television broadcasting to billions of people, a marketeers dream. As a result, companies line up for Olympic sponsorship. 奥运会是世界上最伟大的媒体盛事之一，通过电视转播给数十亿人，是销售者的梦想（的市场）。因此，企业排队为奥运会赞助。 In earlier days of the Olympics, the ideal of amateurism was enforced, though this primarily served to keep out working-class competitors. 在奥运会的早期，业余主义的理想是被强制执行的，尽管这主要是为了阻止工人阶级的竞争对手（阻止工人阶级参赛）。 As the commercial and national exploitation of sport expanded through the twentieth century, amateurism was increasingly undermined by fake jobs, scholarships and under-the-table payments, for example from running shoe manufacturers. 随着商业和国家对体育的剥削在20世纪不断扩大，业余性越来越受到虚假工作、奖学金和低工资的影响，例如关于跑鞋制造商的例子。 Eventually the pressures for professionalisation became too great, and today the truly amateur Olympic athlete is the exception. 最终，职业化的压力太大了，今天真正的业余奥运选手是例外（很少见）。Successful athletes in the most prominent sports now can become rich through sponsorships. 在最著名的体育运动中，成功的运动员可以通过赞助变得富有。 Prize money is of secondary importance to those with a media profile. 对于那些有媒体报道的运动员来说，奖金是次要的。 Athletes benefit from their association with the Olympics, which in turn reflects on their sponsors. 运动员从他们与奥运会的关联中受益，这反过来也反映了他们的赞助商（反过来赞助商也从与运动员的关联中受益）。With the advent of global television coverage, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has become a major transnational corporate enterprise itself , with hundreds of millions of dollars in income hinging on television rights. 随着全球电视转播的出现，国际奥林匹克委员会(IOC)自身已经成为一个主要的跨国公司企业，在电视转播权上取得了数亿美元的收益。 Ironically, the IOC has turned the image of high-minded sporting competitions, seemingly above the sordid realm of politics and commerce, into a vehicle for making huge amounts of money. 讽刺的是，国际奥委会已经把看似远离政治和商业的肮脏领域、高姿态的体育竞赛的形象，变成了赚取巨额财富的工具。 Like any corporation and its trademarks, the IOC jealously guards which companies are allowed any association with the five Olympic rings. 与任何公司及其商标一样，国际奥委会也小心翼翼地保护着哪些公司可以与五环中的任何一环相关联（国际奥委会也小心翼翼的保护着与奥运五环的任何一环相关联的那些公司）。Just as the IOC has avoided any moral judgment of governments, it has abdicated any moral role in relation to corporate sponsorship. 正如国际奥委会避免了任何对政府的道德判断一样，它也放弃了与企业赞助有关的道德角色。 Whether running shoes are made by Third World workers in horrible conditions at low pay or whether a drink is of nutritional value is of little concern to the IOC, except for possible bad publicity. 除了可能的负面宣传（广告），跑鞋是否是第三世界的工人在低薪的恶劣环境下制作的、又或者一杯饮料是否具有营养价值，国际奥委会都不关心。 Set up originally as a competition for amateurs not needing commercial support, the Olympics have become a spectacularly successful vehicle for commercialism.奥运会最初是为业余爱好者举办的，不需要商业上的支持，但如今已经成为一种非常成功的商业化工具。Additional Work1. Though 20 years old,John can not make any decisions himself because hes still completely tied to his mothers apron strings.虽然约翰已经20岁了，但他自己不能做出任何决定，因为他仍然完全依赖他母亲的帮助。2. Peter told the students to vote against Harry because Harry was crippled and couldnt be a good class president,but the students thought Peter was hitting below the belt.彼得告诉学生们要投反对票给哈利，因为哈利是个跛子，不能成为一个好的班长，但是学生们认为彼得这样做是不公正的。3. The Duke of Monmonth was King Charles IIs son,but because he was born on the wrong side of the blanket, he was not allowed to become king after Charles died.蒙月公爵是查理二世的儿子，但因为他是个私生子，在查尔斯死后，他不被允许成为国王。4. When the teacher made Bob a monitor, he got too big for his boots and she had to warn him about stepping over the line.当老师让鲍伯当班长的时候，鲍勃表现得很自高自大，老师不得不警告他不要太过分。5. “You should cut its coat according to its cloth,”Mary told Sue when she found out Sue only had 100 pounds but was trying to plan an unlikely vacation to Tahiti.当玛丽得知苏只有100英镑，却异想天开地计划去塔希提度假的时候，玛丽对苏说：”你应该量入为出。“6. He became very hot under the collar when he realized that his secretary was being rude to him on purpose.当他意识到他的秘书故意对他无礼时他变得非常愤怒。7. Judges and others in high office sometimes work hand in glove with gangsters to cheat and steal from regular people like you and me.法官和其他高层官员有时与歹徒勾结，从你我这样的普通人那里骗取贿赂。8. It turned out that the inspector had lined his pocket by permitting contractors to use poor building materials.结果表明检查员通过允许承包商使用劣质建筑材料中饱私囊。9. Uncle Joe spent his life savings in order to buy a store ,but when it failed, he lost his shirt.乔大叔花了毕生的积蓄去盘一家店铺，可是买卖亏损，把老本都赔光了。10. The senator has decided that hes too old do his job properly,but there are several younger and equally skillful politicians waiting to step into his shoes.参议员明白，他太老了不能胜任工作了，但还有几个年轻的能干的政治家在等着接他的班。II.Vocabulary Expansion1. Needless to say,the terrorist attacks on September 11 plunged the whole nation into extreme horror,affecting the course of U.S. history.毫无疑问，9月11日的恐怖袭击使整个国家陷入极度恐慌，影响了美国历史进程。A. escalated（使）逐步升级 B.plunged骤降 C.converted 更换信仰的D.drowsed昏昏沉沉的，困倦的2. He left the house blithely unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.他高高兴兴地离开了屋子，丝毫没有意识到，他还穿着睡衣。A. assiduously勤勉地，恳切地 B.blithely 欢乐地，快活地C.perfunctorily 敷衍地D.domestically家庭式地3. The presidents critics say he has been too timid in responding to changing international developments.总统的批评者说, 他对国际形势的变化，反应过于胆怯。A. luscious 美味的B.forlorn绝望的，孤立无助的 C.timid胆小的 D.eloquent雄辩的，有口才的4. An elderly man has confounded doctors at the local hospital by living after he was officially declared dead.一位老人在被宣布死亡之后活了过来，让当地医院的医生感到十分困惑。A.confounded 糊涂的，困惑的B.concurred同意 C.conflated混为一谈 D.connived密谋5. At the press conference, the Prime Minister reiterated the governments refusal to compromise with terrorists.在记者招待会上，首相重申政府拒绝与恐怖分子妥协。A.rectified 矫正的，调整的B.remunerated酬劳 C.rekindled使再燃 D.reiterated.反复地说，重申6. The film recounts the story of a young beautiful woman who plots a dastardly revenge on her unfaithful lover.影片讲述了一个年轻美貌的女人密谋对她不忠的情人进行卑鄙的报复的故事。A.miserly吝啬的 B.dastardly 懦弱的，卑鄙的;C.impotent 无力的D.insoluble不能解决的，不溶的7. A UN report says that malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor in Africa.一份联合国报告说，营养不良是非洲穷人的常见疾病。A. affections 喜爱B.appeasements 平息C.afflictions苦恼 D.attainments成就，造诣8. Jane s attic room has a poor ventilation system and in summer it becomes unbearably stuffy.简的阁楼房间通风系统很差，在夏天，它变得令人难以忍受。A. ventilation空气流通 B.manipulation（熟练的）操作 C.mitigation 缓解，减轻D.allocation配给，分配9. The English teacher paused a few seconds groping for the most effective word to express his meaning.英语老师停顿了几秒钟，寻找最有效的词来表达他的意思。A. embarking on 踏上B.embroiling in 牵连在C.branching out 另辟蹊径D.groping for 摸索着寻找10. In the IT industry,some think of Bill Gates as a monster while others revere him as a living god.在IT行业中，在比尔盖茨被当做神崇敬的同时也有人认为他是一个怪物。A. extricate使摆脱困难，脱身 B.disparage轻视 C.emulate 仿真D.revere崇敬Paragraph18 In 1976, Olympic cheating entered the Electronic Age. 1976年,奥运会作弊进入了电子时代。 During the fencing event of the modern pentathlon, the light on the pe of the USSRs Boris Onischenko flashed to indicate that he had scored a hit against his adversary. 在现代五项全能的击剑比赛中，前苏联选手伯利斯奥涅琴科的佩剑上的灯亮了，这意味着他击中对手得分了。 Unfortunately, at the time it went off, the weapon was nowhere near his opponent, Britains Jim Fox. 不幸的是，灯亮的时候，剑离他来自英国的对手吉姆福克斯还远。 Upon investigation, the judges discovered that Boris had been a rather naughty boy, having rewired his sword to light at any moment he would deem appropriate. 经过调查，法官们发现鲍里斯相当不规矩，他重新设计了其佩剑中的电路，灯何时亮完全操纵在他本人手中。 Boris and the entire Soviet team were immediately disqualified. 鲍里斯和整个苏联队立即被取消资格。 The athlete himself has not been heard from since. 从那以后，这位运动员就没有消息了（此人也就此从人们的视线中消失了）。 Perhaps he has been sent to Siberia. Or to a better electronic school. 也许他已经被送往西伯利亚了。或者去了一个更好的电子学校。fencing剑术 pentathlon五项全能运动 flashed闪烁 indicate表明（manifest，show） adversary对手 weapon武器 opponent对手investigation调查(research) rewired给换新电线 sword剑 deem给 appropriate适当的（proper） disqualified使不合格；取消的资格（cancel. the qualification of） Paragraph19Then there is the matter of “sex cheating.” 还有就是“性别欺骗”。 This can involve women taking such large doses of male hormones to improve their performance that they lose nearly all female characteristics and should really not be allowed to use the ladies room. 这可能涉及到女性服用如此大剂量的男性荷尔蒙来提高她们的成绩，以至于她们几乎失去了所有的女性特征，甚至不应该被允许使用女厕所。 (In some cases the sex of the athlete is a matter of conjecture.) (在某些情况中，判断运动员的性别靠的是猜测。) There is no need to conjecture about Dora Ratjen, the German athlete who just missed a gold medal in the womens high jump in the notorious Olympics of 1936. 德国运动员朵拉拉特金的性别是不容置疑的。她在臭名昭著的1936年奥运会上错失了女子跳高金牌。 “She” subsequently set world records in this event that remained on the books until years later, when it was discovered that “Dora” was, in fact, Hermann Ratjen, a mediocre male athlete, but an excellent female impersonator. “她”随后在这个项目中屡屡改写世界纪录，直到多年后，人们发现“多拉”实际上真名叫赫尔曼拉特金，是一个平庸的男性运动员，但是一个优秀的女性模仿者。hormones激素 conjecture猜想，推测（guess） notorious声名狼藉的（infamous） subsequently随后（then） mediocre普通的（common） impersonator演员（actor）Paragraph20 As I look over what I have written, I feel that I have presented an excessively bleak picture of an inherently glorious event. 当看完我所写的东西时，我感到自己把这项具有辉煌历史的体育盛会描绘得极其黯淡。 Though the misbehavior described is tragic but true, I still do not share the pessimism of the writer whose most famous work has given him a near-franchise on the digit “1984.” 尽管文中所述的这些可悲的舞弊行为是真实存在的，我仍然不认同这位作家的悲观主义，他最著名的工作使其对“1984”这个数字几乎享有特权。 George Orwell viewed the Olympics as “bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence; in other words, it is a war without the shooting.” 乔治奥威尔把奥运会看作是“交织着仇恨、妒忌、夸耀、对规则的藐视，以及从观看暴力行为中获得的变态的快感;换句话说，这是一场没有硝烟的战争。”presented展示（describe） excessively过度的(inordinate) bleak 暗淡的，昏暗的 inherently 天性地，固有地 glorious 辉煌的 misbehavior不礼貌，品行不端 tragic 悲剧的pessimism 悲观 near-franchise 享有特权 digit 数字 bound up with与某事物关系密切的 hatred 仇恨，憎恶 jealousy妒忌的 boastfulness自夸disregar