论那些美国电影中反映的美国文化.doc

某某大学毕 业 论 文（设计）中文题目：论那些美国电影中反映的美国文化外文题目：On the American Culture Reflecting from Those American Films 学 号： 姓 名： 年 级：2011级 专 业：英语 系 别：外语系 指导老师： 完成日期：2015年4月17日内容摘要 历史文化作为电影艺术思想的支配性生产者，必然影响影视的发展。电影作为特定历史文化中的主要构成之一，正以个性独特的手法和方式去诠释着深刻博大的历史文化与人文精神。一些影片如阿甘正传就成功地向人们展示了美国英雄主义及本土文化，以及阿甘身上所代表的传统美国梦的信念，影片在呼唤现实理性的美国梦的回归。再有如肖申克的救赎泰坦尼克号钢铁侠等，都体现出了美国强烈的个人主义和英雄主义。还有些电影中还反映了美国电影中的高科技文化。当然美国文化的影响具有多面性，有消极影响又有其积极的文化价值，文化的姿态本来就应该是包容的广博的，所谓有容乃大，任何文化要想完善就得吸取一切能吸取的精华文化。而电影正是其中一种重要的媒介，我们可以从那些典型的美国大片的背后看看在当今时代背景下美国人的电影文化，了解和吸收那些有价值的文化。关键词： 美国电影，美国历史文化，个人主义，英雄主义，文化价值Abstract History and culture as a dominant producer of the film art, inevitably affects the development of film and television. Films as one of the main components in specific historical culture, with the unique character of technique and the way to interpret thebroad, show the profoundhistorical culture and the humanistic spirit. Some films such as forrest gump has successfully showed the heroism and indigenous culture, as well as the traditional beliefs of the American dream which represented by forrest gump, the film in calling upon the return of the real reason of the American dream. Besides, like the shawshank redemption, titanic, iron man etc. all reflect the strong American individualism and heroism. The United States is a warm worship personal heroism country. There still have some films which also reflect the high-tech culture in the American movies. Of course, the influence of American culture is multifaceted. Objectively speaking, American culture has its negative influence and its positive cultural value. Cultural attitude was always supposed to be inclusive of broad, tolerance is a great, any culture would like to improve must absorb allthe essence of the culture. Films are one of the important medias, we can see the American film culture in the context of contemporary film culture that from the behind of those typical American movies, and to understand and absorb the valuable culture.Key Words: The American Film，American Culture，Individualism，Heroism，Cultural ValueContents内容摘要IAbstractIIIntroduction11.The Development of American Film and Culture31.1 The History of American Movies31.2 The Development of American Culture42. The American Culture Reflected from American Movies52.1 American Movies and Culture Influence Each Other52.2 The Individualism and Heroism Reflected from Films82.3.The American Dream Reflected from Forrest Gump102.4 The Strong Science and Sechnology Culture in the American Movies133. The Value of American Film Culture15Conclusion17Works Cited18Acknowledgments19 Introduction In an increasingly digital age, the movie has become indispensable to modern city as a leisure way, and to some extent, it is important to provide people with spiritual sustenance.American movies have unique vitality and creativity that makes it win the irreplaceable status in the world film.Increasing along with the information explosion, the American film with itsdistinctivevitality, gradually learned a lot of traditional elements and theatrical talent from all overthe world. Americas leading technology level prompted the high-tech in the large number of applications in the movie, it also greatly increased the competitiveness ofthe American film in the global market.Science and technology play an extraordinary role in theAmericanfilm,and make the personal heroism imagesas more accepting of people. Films, as one of the most popular forms of entertainment, are the best way to show a national characteristic and public taste.In recent years, American films have greatly influenced on the Chinese market.Some American culture reflected in American movies, in addition to the gorgeous screen, high-tech production brings us strong visual feast, we can also learn about the film culture of the United States.So I choose the paper topic“On The American Culture Reflecting from Those American Films ”. I also like watching American movies. From those American movies,I can deeply understand some American culture and its cultural value.Based on a large number of classic movie watching, some analysis and reviews about the movie and some books about American history and culture reading, then with the help of my teacher and classmates of my paper group ,I complete the paper writing.By writing the thesis, I also get a lot of harvest, through this paper I deepened the understanding of American movies and social culture, and I absorb the positive value of American culture. I have an objective cognition on American movies and American culture. By knowing the heroism reflected from the movie, the American dream, etc., I also started the true ponder to my own life path and the direction.191.The Development of American Film and Culture1.1.The History of American Movies In 1889, the American inventor Thomas Edison invented the motion picture camera in the laboratory, and then invented the film projector, and in 1893 established the first movie studio in the world.In April 1894, Edison used his film projection equipment - electric film mirror shown in commercial activities, this is the beginning of the American film history. In the silent era, the film got rapid development in the United States.In 1906, the existing 1000 nickels cinema (named after the deep tickets for 5 cents nickel).In 1909, the theater of the nickel reached 10. The film artists who laid an art foundation for early Americans are: Mr Boulter, Griffith and Charlie Chaplin. In the development of early American film, the“film patent company” controlled by Edisons once monopolized the film business.Until around 1915, the monopoly was finally broken. American film production base move to Hollywood which is famous in the world today.Here, in film history of the eight famous companies in the United States gradually developed, and set up to star system the big studios system and genre as the core system of the Hollywood studio system,they are also known as Hollywoods three big magic weapon. In 1927, Warner Brothers launched the first audio feature filmsthe jazz singerin the world, the film entered into the era of sound.From the mid 30s and 40s, American films have been in a golden age.Film production rose steadily, so in the rest of the United States and around the world, many film artists have come to Hollywood to seek development.With the emergence of sound film, in addition to early comedies, western andanarchic comedy, musical, the robber, detective, horror and so on, variousgenrefilmsalso developed rapidly. From the end of 40s and the mid-50s, because of the factorsthat the rapid rise of television industry of the implementation of the antitrust law of the government, the American film industry was experiencing a series of blow and challenge.Until the end of the 60s, the emergence of the “new American movie and the rise of new Hollywood, to make American movies to regroup.From the mid-80s until today, the American film gradually has dominated the world cinema, using the abundant capital, bringing high tech to movie studios, and also bringing a new language to the one hundred - year - old movies. 1.2.the Development of American Culture The early immigrants brought the European culture to the United States.Soon, the culture spreads out the United States.Today, the United States has become one of the mainstream of world culture.Many American artistsmake a great contributionto the development of new style,the new way of self-expression and even the new cultural pattern. The main content of American culture is to emphasize individual value, the pursuit of democracy and freedom, advocating pioneering and competitive, rationality and practical, its core is the personal centralism: personal supremacy, the pursuit of personal interests and personal enjoyment, stress the individual struggle, personal self design, the pursuit of individual value finally realize.This deliberately shaping itself, pursuing personalized individual socialist has its positive side and negative side. The American publics notice accomplishment and admire heroes,they have profoundpsychological accumulation ofachievement worship and heroes worship.Personal achievement isone of the highest rated values ofall American values.Many of the people who live in the United States, whether native-born Americans, or foreign immigrants arrived in the United States, with a dream, that is changing their social status to realize their dreams in life through their own efforts, this is what people often talk about the American dream. Film as an audio-visual art,throughthe showofthe artistic image, it expresses some thoughts and emotions and reflects different social culture and reflects the era and the national spirit.Film as one part of the human cultural life directly reflects the culture of a nation.Those American movies also reflect the culture of the United States.1. The American Culture Reflected from American Movies2.1.American Movies and Culture Influence Each Other American movies are one of the important expressions of the American culture on the screen. The United States has a global view of film culture concept and form,that determines the American film can geta more superior positionof filmin the worldthan other countries. It is because of this kind of cultural forms of diversity and inclusiveness that make American movies continue to developaround the world.American movies basic themes are love, justice, family, affection, etc., which is not only the United States as a country willing to flaunt the perfect values, is also the subject of common concern to all mankind.American films to a global audience, in addition to Hollywood is good at telling stories and its commercial operation, the full of narrative structure in American moviesmaturely embodies acommonrequirement ofpeople to the reasonable order.At the same time,Hollywood films, with the help of American politics, culture and business advantage,also make the film marketing all over the world, thus building a powerful narrative voice, narrative content is typical of American culture.After the two world wars, due to the change of the U.S. population, the rise of the civil rights movement and the international situation, American culture towards multiculturalism.This kind of multicultural coexistence and development naturally creates the inclusiveness of American culture.1 American films advocate the principle of the supremacy ofcommercialism,and position itself in the global market. It is not limited to the level of attracting the audience.So the American movies do not too care about maintaining the characteristics of national culture, but care about the tolerance and absorption of every national culture in the world,it is also a cultural strategy of the American film. First of all, the American film generally chooses a global theme in terms of subject choice.American film is keen on global theme or subject matter, such as natural disasters, global security, review history, focus on the future, the harmony between human and nature, and so on.American films on the subject matter, theme, style and technique of expression have the very big breakthrough, but most of the film is based on the game rules of culture industry close to a certain business elements together.On a few patterns and rules which can make sure the box office earnings,the American film churns out a series of stories to cater to public taste.In the film the day after tomorrow, independence day, Fahrenheit 9/11, people see the beauty of human natureand moralityat the moment of the sky were to fall and the wind and cloud transformation,and also know thedeep meaning ofthefriendship, kinship and love. And Star Wars and its sequel, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Starfare and so on,somescience fictionweavingindividualdreams about the futureto the audience, at the same,these films have caused the people to the rational utilization of technology;some animation film, as Garfield, ice age, showa close relationship between people andanimals,animals and nature.American Mainstream movies fully show the American film culture as the mass culture,and the basic characteristics of industrial and money. Secondly, the American film carries a global cooperation in production line.American film is committed to attracting global talent.It determines the movie for the mass and multicultural.American films reduce the original national cultural character in the film, so as to a far richer and more close natural landscape and humanistic qualities to win the attention ofthe audiencein different countries. Finally, the American film in the aspect of value concept focuses on the common pursuit of mankind. Thebelief and value pursuit are reflectedin the American film,Often with macroscopic justice, equality and democracy.Such as Platoon,the war theme shows the distortion of human nature caused by the war.This kind of historical themes like gladiator expresses the concept of historicaljustice.The kind ofscience fiction theme likes Deep Impact shows the humans resistance to outside danger. Facing the monopoly position ofAmerican films gradually formed in the world film market,and facing that the American films culture, as the mass culture,constantly encroach onthe culture of the other countries aroundtheworld .This makes us have to have a discussion aboutthe cultural characteristics which reflected fromAmerican moviesand the simplification tendency ofthe world film culture. American movies and culture influence each other. Films promote the spread of American culture, American culture influences the theme of the film content, while promoting the prosperity of the movie business.2.2.The Individualism and Heroism Reflected from Films The main theme in the American film is individualism and heroism of the culture. Americans have a strong concept of self-centered, and believe in individualism, and the pursuit of personal happiness become a social consensus.The citizens of the United Statesworship this personal hero , they advocate personal struggle, adventure, as a result, the American film touted self-centered individualism and heroism, hoping to encourage their nation andbravetheir own responsibility, to make contribution to society. The black President in2012, when people all in danger, he gives up the opportunity to aboard the ship to escape, leaving a line like this: Ayoungscientistwillbeworth20oldpoliticians.This is a kind of heroism for the purpose of future as humans responsibility! In Batman, daredevil, iron man, the hulk, the actors all use their personal supernatural ability to save the society and punish the evil.And this kind of the lone ranger at the beginning of the film is often just an ordinary person, as well as ordinary citizens can find their own responsibility in the society.No matter what kind of crisis and suffering they face, and no matter what a fatal blow, they never believe in failure. Heroes always use their very sober and rational mind,make a perfect layoutquickly, instantly make a absolutely correct judgment, they can always catch the only chance of one percent towin, and get a victory.Typical examples such as the rock, xXx, schindlers list,forrest gump, etc., widely make a perfect hero individual strength in the film and let the strength exaggerated and deified unlimitedly.Thus give the heroes the value orientation of the extreme individualism2. there is no shortage ofAmerican personal hero whocanmakevigorouseffortstoturnthesituationinacrisistime.Like mission impossible:Ghost Protocol,Tom Cruise as the hero to save the world and in the very popular spider-man series thatlone heroes whocan fly over, save the people in this city in New York.Also in the classic terminator series which created by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Americans always spare no effort to show their heroic image of the heart.Whether Tom Cruise in mission impossible:Ghost Protocol ,or Arnold Schwarzenegger in terminator ,or Sylvester stallone in first blood show the heroes in Americans heart: the strong body, move with agility,Courageous and prudent, at the same time also shoulder heavy burden to protect the world.The series of features may be the definition ofheroes in the mind of Americans, and these also may be their own inner yearning for this kind of hero.This kind of personal heroism should also be given by the American culture.It also reflects on American culture.In the film true lies, when the hero harry is coping with a terrorist, look at the plane whichthey have used,we can know the way of the Hollywood people that how to make their heroes victory.Hero driving advanced,new multi-function plane, and the terrorists are driving the extremely backward helicopters. No wonder the Hollywood hero is invincible, with the individualpowerhero can make a lot of the enemy destroyed,.Because they have all kinds of new and high technology weapons and props. Americans do have strong superhero obsession:Superman,Spider-Man,Batman,Iron Man,Captian America and even Avengers Assemble,Superhero films present a unique canvas upon which hopes,dreams and apocalyptic nightmares can be projected and played out.It can be the everyday stuff of every mans life,and Americans love it.Todays superheroes are no longer omnipresent,omniscient,and omnipotent,they can be lonely,vain,and arrogant.Often they have to overcome these human frailties for the greater good.The possibility of convey massages of American values,and emphasize faith and hu