Unit 1 The Power of Language 原文英文.docx

Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at face value(完全地, 以面值/表象). Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if (=whether) the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the authors assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with a grain of salt （有保留地）. By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.1）Consider the context of what is written.2）Question assertions made by the author.3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject.4）Analyze assumptions made by the author.5）Evaluate the sources the author uses.6）Identify any possible author bias.Exercises I Checking your comprehension1. Reading non-fiction writing critically involves _.A. supporting the authors opinionB. developing your own opinionsC. understanding what is writtenD. reading without any imagination2. Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that_.A. enough support for the assertions has been givenB. your values and attitudes have been reflected in itC. it has been checked from an authoritative sourceD. you have found the differences in the writing styles3. If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should_.A. insist on your own opinion and confirm itB. avoid mentioning the inconsistenciesC. emphasize the work of authoritiesD. examine the authors supportive statements4. Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_A. physical breakthroughsB. the subject of poetryC. studies in current physicsD. credible writing sources5. The author believes that by being a critical reader you can_ .A. remember what is written clearlyB. eliminate your own discriminationC. have much more knowledgeD. spend more time in readingExercise IISection A Building your vocabulary1. These results are _ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency）2.We were not surprised by their_ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement）3. The statistics _a change in peoples spending habits.（reflect, reflection）4. Im afraid your driving license is_ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid）5. Twenty-five dollars was_ more than he had expected to pay. （considerable, considerably）6. Direct _ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison）Section Bassumption landmark critical evaluate represent identify credible appropriate1.In my opinion, there was no _evidence against him.2. Even the smallest baby can _its mother by her voice.3.People tend to make _ about you based on your appearance.4. This new report_ the current situation in our schools.5. The performance of each employee is _ once a year.6. We need to ensure that the teaching they receive is _to their needs.Section C1. That bit of the form is for UK citizens 一 it doesnt apply _ you.2. Arguments were put _ for changing some of the rules of the game.3. When judging his performance, dont take his age _ account.4. Hes universally recognized as an authority _ Russian affairs.5. Just compare the one that has been cleaned _ the others.6. Education should be relevant _ the childs needs.Unit 1 Text B 1、 The Language of ConfidenceThe language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesnt really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. 2、 TryIt is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, Ill try to do that, you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say Ill try to be more confident or Ill try to do that or Ill try to call? Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, Ill try to and notice how you feel. Next say, I will do and see how you feel.The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesnt it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try, notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves. 3、 CantThis is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of (=Rather than) saying you cant, why not say something like I choose or I choose not to. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing! EXERCISES I Check Your ComprehensionSection A Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y（for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG（for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text.（）1. Using our language in the best way is significant for the improvement of our life.（）2. We can knowingly make our command carried out without using a word.（）3. If we use the word try, we may not make efforts to achieve the things that we want to do.（）4. We can improve our life by saying the word try in our daily life.（）5.We can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.（）6.Though some words may seem small, they can help us do everything we want.Section B Direction: Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text.1. _ helps us be in control of our lives and destinies.2. Any words can have a dramatic influence on _.3. When we say I will do, we will get a sense of _.4. Using words like I choose can help us regain _.5. Mastering our language helps us get the power to _ .6. We can write _ next to a list of words we usually use.IV WritingSection ADirections: The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent. Improve them.1. When dipped in mustard, Sam said the sausage was excellent.2. A Frenchman murdered two wives he didnt like their cooking.3. Annies dress was old, faded, and it had wrinkles.4. The need for jobs will make us develop our industries. It causes environmental problems.5.My new running shoes fell apart during the marathon which