matlab实验主要指令.doc

1. 有关命令行环境的一些操作:l(1) clc擦去一页命令窗口,光标回屏幕左上角 l(2) clear从工作空间清除所有变量l(3) clf 清除图形窗口内容 l(4) who列出当前工作空间中的变量 l(5) whos列出当前工作空间中的变量及信息 或用工具栏上的 Workspace 浏览器 l(6) delete 从磁盘删除指定文件 l(7) whech 查找指定文件的路径 ( 9 ) clear all从工作空间清除所有变量和函数 l(10) help 查询所列命令的帮助信息 l(11) savename保存工作空间变量到文件name.mat l(12) savenamexy保存工作空间变量 x y到文件name.mat l(13)loadname下载name文件中的所有变量到工作空间 l(14)loadnamexy 下载name文件中的变量x y到工作空间 l(15)diary name1.m保存工作空间一段文本到文件 name1.m l diary off l(16)type name.m在工作空间查看name.m文件内容 l(17)what列出当前目录下的m文件和mat文件Ctrl+p调用上一次的命令Ctrl+n调用下一行的命令 Ctrl+b 退后一格Ctrl+f前移一格Ctrl + Ctrl+r向右移一个单词Ctrl + Ctrl+l向左移一个单词HomeCtrl+a光标移到行首EndCtrl+e光标移到行尾EscCtrl+u清除一行DelCtrl+d清除光标后字符BackspaceCtrl+h清除光标前字符 Ctrl+k清除光标至行尾字Ctrl+c中断程序运行一常用的窗口命令help 启动联机帮助文件显示what 列出当前目录下的有关文件type 列出M文件lookfor 对help信息中的关键词查找which 找出函数与文件所在的目录名demo 运行MATLAB的演示程序path 设置或查询MATLAB的路径Matlab 的fspecial函数用法fspecial函数用于建立预定义的滤波算子，其语法格式为：h = fspecial(type)h = fspecial(type，para)其中type指定算子的类型，para指定相应的参数；type的类型有：1、averageaveraging filter为均值滤波，参数为hsize代表模板尺寸，默认值为【3，3】。H = FSPECIAL(average,HSIZE) returns an averaging filter H of sizeHSIZE. HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rows and columns inH or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix.The default HSIZE is 3 3.2、diskcircular averaging filter为圆形区域均值滤波，参数为radius代表区域半径，默认值为5.H = FSPECIAL(disk,RADIUS) returns a circular averaging filter(pillbox) within the square matrix of side 2*RADIUS+1.The default RADIUS is 5.3、gaussianGaussian lowpass filter为高斯低通滤波，有两个参数，hsize表示模板尺寸，默认值为【3 3】，sigma为滤波器的标准值，单位为像素，默认值为0.5.H = FSPECIAL(gaussian,HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationallysymmetric Gaussian lowpass filterof size HSIZE with standarddeviation SIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying thenumber of rows and columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is asquare matrix.The default HSIZE is 3 3, the default SIGMA is 0.5.4、laplacian filter approximating the 2-D Laplacian operator为拉普拉斯算子，参数alpha用于控制算子形状，取值范围为【0，1】，默认值为0.2.H = FSPECIAL(laplacian,ALPHA) returns a 3-by-3 filterapproximating the shape of the two-dimensional Laplacianoperator. The parameter ALPHA controls the shape of theLaplacian and must be in the range 0.0 to 1.0.The default ALPHA is 0.2.5、logLaplacian of Gaussian filter为拉普拉斯高斯算子，有两个参数，hsize表示模板尺寸，默认值为【3 3】，sigma为滤波器的标准差，单位为像素，默认值为0.5.H = FSPECIAL(log,HSIZE,SIGMA) returns a rotationally symmetricLaplacian of Gaussian filter of size HSIZE with standard deviationSIGMA (positive). HSIZE can be a vector specifying the number of rowsand columns in H or a scalar, in which case H is a square matrix.The default HSIZE is 5 5, the default SIGMA is 0.5.6、motionmotion filter为运动模糊算子，有两个参数，表示摄像物体逆时针方向以theta角度运动了len个像素，len的默认值为9，theta的默认值为0；H = FSPECIAL(motion,LEN,THETA) returns a filter to approximate, onceconvolved with an image, the linear motion of a camera by LEN pixels,with an angle of THETA degrees in a counter-clockwise direction. Thefilter becomes a vector for horizontal and vertical motions.Thedefault LEN is 9, the default THETA is 0, which corresponds to ahorizontal motion of 9 pixels.7、prewittPrewitt horizontal edge-emphasizing filter用于边缘增强，大小为【3 3】，无参数H = FSPECIAL(prewitt) returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizeshorizontal edges by approximating a vertical gradient. If you need toemphasize vertical edges, transpose the filter H: H.1 1 1;0 0 0;-1 -1 -1.8、sobelSobel horizontal edge-emphasizing filter用于边缘提取，无参数H = FSPECIAL(sobel) returns 3-by-3 filter that emphasizeshorizontal edges utilizing the smoothing effect by approximating avertical gradient. If you need to emphasize vertical edges, transposethe filter H: H.1 2 1;0 0 0;-1 -2 -1.9、unsharpunsharp contrast enhancement filter为对比度增强滤波器。参数alpha用于控制滤波器的形状，范围为【0，1】，默认值为0.2.H = FSPECIAL(unsharp,ALPHA) returns a 3-by-3 unsharp contrastenhancement filter. FSPEC