2012新版英语(二)unit1讲义.doc

Unit1 The power of LanguageText A Critical Reading一、单词和短语词组Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.1.critical krtkl adj 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2.apply to 使用；应用3.non-fiction 纪实文学4.put forth提出;产生5.position 观点，态度，立场6.statement 说明，说法，表态Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying.1.involve nvlv 及物动词 包含;使参与，牵涉;围绕，缠绕;使专心于;2.question 动词 表示疑问；怀疑 questioning 形容词 怀疑的3.evaluate 动词 估计；评价；评估 evaluating 是evaluate 的现在分词 evaluation 名词 评估Consider the context of what is written.context 英kntekstn.语境;上下文;背景;环境;复数：contextsIn either case ,you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。1.recognize英rekgnazvt.承认;识别;认出;vi.承认，确认;法律具结，立保证书;第三人称单数：recognizes过去分词：recognized现在进行时：recognizing过去式：recognized2.take into account ：考虑到，顾及到3.value英vlju:n.价值，价格;意义，涵义;重要性;（邮票的）面值;vt.评价;重视，看重;估价，给定价;第三人称单数：values过去分词：valued复数：values现在进行时：valuing过去式：valued4、represent英reprzentVt.描述，表现，象征;代表，代理;扮演;作为示范;vi.代表;提出异议;第三人称单数：represents过去分词：represented现在进行时：representing过去式：represented5.attitude英ttju:dn.态度;看法;姿势;个人风格;复数：attitudesBefore accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.1.assertion英s:nn.主张;声称;使用;明确肯定;复数：assertions2.sufficient英sfntadj.足够的;充足的;充分的;sufficiently adv.足够地，充分地;十分，相当;Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also , look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.1.statistic英sttstkn.统计量;统计资料中的一项;（一项）统计数据;（对总体具有代表性的）典型统计论;adj.统计（上）的，统计学（上）的;复数：egrate英ntgretvt.使一体化;使整合;使完整;使结合成为整体;vi.成为一体;结合在一起;合并;数学作积分运算;adj.整体的;完整的;完全的;综合的;第三人称单数：integrates过去分词：integrated现在进行时：integrating过去式：integrated3.authority英:rtin.权威;权力;学术权威;复数当权者;复数：authoritiesLook to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies,carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.1.consistent英knsstntadj.一致的;连续的;不矛盾的;坚持的;最高级：most consistent比较级：more consistentconsistently 副词自始至终be consistent with 与相符合2.inconsistency英nknsstnsn.不一致，不协调;前后矛盾，不一贯;复数：inconsistenciesAnalyze assumptions made by the author.assumption英smpnn.假定，假设;承担;想当然;采取;复数：assumptionsOnce you identify an assumption ,you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.identify英adentfaVt.找到，发现。确定;识别，认出;使参与;把看成一样;vi.确定;认同;第三人称单数：identifies过去分词：identified现在进行时：identifying过去式：identifiedvalid英vldadj.有效的;有法律效力的;正当的;健全的;符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics . Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.1.credible英kredbladj.可信的，可靠的;（因看似可能成功而）可接受的;2. landmark 里程碑3. relevant英relvnt adj.有关的，中肯的;相关联的;确切的;有重大意义作用的，实质性的; be relevant to 与相关的4. poetry英ptrin.诗，诗歌;诗意，诗情;作诗;诗歌艺术;For example，studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge inPhysics.1.appropriate英prpritadj.适当的;合适的;恰当的;v.盗用;侵吞;拨（专款等） ;第三人称单数：appropriates过去分词：appropriated现在进行时：appropriating过去式：appropriated2. current英krnt adj.现在的;最近的;流行的;流传的; n.趋势;电流;水流;涌流;复数：currents3. state英stet n.国家;州;状况，情况;资格;vt.规定;陈述，声明;adj.国家的;国务的，公务的;正式的;第三人称单数：states过去分词：stated复数：states现在进行时：stating过去式：statedA written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is ,take what is written with“a grain of salt”1. politics英pltksn.政治;政治事务;政治观点;权术;2. considerably英knsdrbliadv.相当，非常，颇;3. Democrat 民主党党员4. republican英rpblkn adj.共和国的;共和政体的;共和主义的;共和党员; n.拥护共和政体者，共和主义者;共和党的;5.reflect英rflektvt.& vi.反射（光、热、声或影像）;考虑;vt.反射，反照;表达;显示;折转;vi.反射;映出;深思熟虑;慎重表达;第三人称单数：reflects过去分词：reflected现在进行时：reflecting过去式：reflected6.biased英bastadj.有偏见的;有偏的;结果偏倚的;v.使存偏见(bias的过去式和过去分词);bias英basn.偏见;偏爱，爱好;倾向;斜纹;vt.使倾向于;使有偏见;影响;加偏压于;adj.斜纹的;斜的，倾斜的;斜裁的;adv.偏斜地，倾斜地;对角地;第三人称单数：biases过去分词：biased复数：biases现在进行时：biasing过去式：biased7. a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地By being a critical reader ,you will become better informed and change your views as rmed英nf:mdadj.了解情况的;见多识广的;有情报根据的;消息灵通的;v.告诉( inform的过去式和过去分词);(inform oneself)使了解;2. as appropriate适当的Dont accept what is written at face value.accept/takeat face value 相信表面，信以为真二、KEY SENTENCESIn either case ,you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。A written discussion of American politics will likely considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然相异。Text B The Language of Confidence 让人信心十足的语言一、单词The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery our lives and our destinies . It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of gram英prgrmn.程序;节目，节目单;计划，安排;v.计给编写程序;为制定计划;设计安排活动;编排;第三人称单数：programs过去分词：programmed复数：programs现在进行时：programming过去式：programmed2.mastery英m:strin.精通，熟练;统治，控制;优势;复数：masteries以上结果来自金山词3.destiny英destnin.命运;天命，天数;命运的三女神;主宰事物的力量;复数：destinies3.dramatically英drmtkladv.戏剧性地，引人注目地;巨大地；惊人地；显著地；Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind.subconscious英sbknsadj.潜意识的;下意识的;It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.1.please英pli:zint.请;vt.& vi.讨好;使高兴;使满意;讨人喜欢;2.command英km:ndn.命令，指挥;司令部，指挥部;计算机指令;控制力;vt.命令;指挥，控制，命令;应得，值得;vi.给出命令;命令，指令;adj.指挥的，根据命令（或要求）而作的;第三人称单数：commands过去分词：commanded复数：commands现在进行时：commanding过去式：commanded3. knowingly英nliadv.会意地;故意地;狡黠地，机警地;“knowing”的派生;4. entirely英ntaliadv.完全地;完整地;全部地;彻底地;“Try” is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. How often do youuse the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say “Ill try to be more confident”.1.impact英mpktn.碰撞，冲击，撞击;影响;冲击力;vt.挤入，压紧;撞击;对产生影响;vi.冲撞，冲击;产生影响;2.matter英mt(r)n.事件;（讨论、考虑等的）问题;重要性;物质;vi.要紧，重要;化脓;有重大影响;有重要性;第三人称单数：matters过去分词：mattered复数：matters现在进行时：mattering过去式：mattered3.confident英knfdntadj.确信的，深信的;有信心的，沉着的;大胆的，过分自信的;厚颜无耻的;n.知己;心腹朋友;复数：confidents最高级：most confident比较级：more confidentIt gives you a sense of determination a feeling that it will be done.1.sense英sensn.感觉，官能;意识，观念;理性;识别力;vt.感到;理解，领会;检测出;第三人称单数：senses过去分词：sensed现在进行时：sensing过去式：sensed2.determination英dt:mnenn.决心;决定，确定;物测定，计算;Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.eliminate英lmnetvt.淘汰;排除，消除;除掉;干掉;第三人称单数：eliminates过去分词：eliminated现在进行时：eliminating过去式：eliminatedIt disempowers us ,makes us feel weak and helpless,and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary.1.disempower英dsmparvt.& vi.使自信心降低;剥夺，使失去权力第三人称单数：disempowers过去分词：disempowered现在进行时：disempowering过去式：disempowered2. self-esteem英self sti:m3. infinite英nfntadj.无限的，无穷的;无数的，许许多多的;极大的;n.无限，无穷;数 无穷大;造物主，神;无限的事物4.stifle英staflvt.& vi.扼杀;（使）窒息;（使）窒闷;vt.扼杀;遏制;镇压;藏匿;n.后腿膝关节;后膝关节病;第三人称单数：stifles过去分词：stifled现在进行时：stifling过去式：stifled5.creativity英kri:etvtn.创造性，创造力，创作能力;6.internal英nt:nladj.内部的;国内的;体内的;内心的;prep.（机构）内部的;n.内脏，内部器官;