2011年江苏高考 新增词汇详解.doc

2011届江苏高考英语新增词汇解析1. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 Smoking is no longer considered socially acceptable by many people.07山东 Its not socially acceptable for parents to leave children unattended at that age. accept v. accept the challenge/ blame/ responsibility/ sbs apology accepted adj. generally/ commonly/ widely accepted 最广为接受的 The most widely accepted definition of artificial intelligence was developed by Alan Turing in 1950. acceptance n【u】 gain/ find acceptance 被接受， 受到欢迎2. according adv. according to 根据， 按照He answered according to his knowledge. Everything went according to the plan.according as 根据（决定是这样还是那样） 要看- 来决定 You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. accordingly adv. 按照所说（发生情况），照着 You told me to lock the door and I acted accordingly. 于是， 因此 He was too sick to stay. Accordingly, we sent him home.accordance n. in accordance with 按照 Act in accordance with our wishes.3. all right 行， 好吧， 可以（多用于问句或回答） Is that all right for you ? I have done it according to your instructions. All right, see you later. (身体)好了， 情况不错，没问题 （多作表语） The girl will be all right. She is very healthy. In the end, everything became all right again. 顺利的， 不错 （多用作状语）Did you get the picture finished all right?4. beginning n. in the beginning / at the beginning of / from beginning to endbegin v. beanbegun to begin withbeginner n. 初学者， 生手5. blonde n. 金发的人， 浅色头发的人 a beautiful blonde 金发美女 adj. 金色的， 浅色头发的6. career n. 职业， 专业， 事业 After sever years in teaching, Im ready for a career change. a career soldier / politician /diplomat 职业军人、政治家、外交官 career counselor 就业顾问、就业指导7. claim v / n vt. 声称，断言， 主张The report claims that 78% of male high school students have used illegal drugs.Doctors claim to have discovered a cure for the disease .He claims to be the leader of the gang.He claims to remember exactly what the gunman looked like. 索赔， 索取， claim damages 夺去， 夺走（lives）A terrible earthquake struck Sichuan Province on May 12, _ tens of thousands lives. A. claiming B. claimed C. causing D. caused n. 赔偿 ， 索赔 compensation claims 补偿金 所有权， 权利 lay claim to 声称对-的所有权 8. clause n. 从句， 分句 noun clauses (法律文件中的)条款 A clause in the contract states when payment must be made.9. client n. 客户， 顾客 = customer 接受救济的人， 救济对象 Case workers deal with as many as a dozen clients a day.10. clue n. 线索， 提示 search for / find clues Scientists examine fossils for clues about how dinosaurs lived and died. 谜语或问题的提示 give sb a clue not have a clue = have no clue 对- 一无所知 He doesnt seem to have a clue about the business. v. clue sb in 给-提供线索， 告知 He clued me in on how the computer system works. adj. clueless 对- 一无所知11. code n. 行为准则， 道德规范 a strong moral code 规定， 法典，法规 building code / dress code 代码，密码，代号 break / crack a code 破译密码 09金陵阅读 Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.The underline word coded is closet in meaning to _B_A. hidden B. programmed C. forgotten D. leaned 12. collapse v. /n.（建筑物墙壁，家具等）坍塌，倒塌 Part of the floor collapsed as a result of water damage. (因病或受伤)突然倒下，晕倒 He collapsed at the meeting. 失败，崩溃，垮掉 The US auto industry nearly collapsed due to increased foreign competition. (尤指因精疲力竭)突然坐下，瘫倒 She finally took a break and collapsed in a chair. 使某物变小 When folded in this way, the map collapses to pocket size.13. combination n. 结合，联合，混合Experts believe that a combination of bad weather and human error led to the accident.Drinking and driving can be a lethal combination.Use of the drug in combination with diet changes will help you lose weight.v. combine combine sth with sth Diets are most effective when combined with exercise.The beautiful weather and site combined to make the concert this years most successful outdoor event. 联合做adj. combined 联合的，共同的 Only with combined efforts can we succeed.14. commission n. 调查团，考察团，委员会 The planning commission will allow 200 extra homes to be built on the site. Each dealer makes a 20% commission on his sales. 佣金，酬金 He has received a commission from the bank. 委托The car is insured, but it is out of commission. 坏了， 不能使用了.v. 委托某人做- He commissioned his lawyer to look into the mit v. -committed -committed 犯错 做 commit suicide/ crimes be committed to doing 致力于 make a commitment to do sth 承诺做-15. concerned adj. concerned parents 焦虑的家长be concerned about / for /that 担心Concerned that he has no qualification in this field, he attended night school.be concerned in/that 与- 有关， 有牵连 Everyone concerned in the accident was questioned by the police.拓展 as far as sb is concerned concerning=regarding = with / in regard to 关于 The report concerning the market made the manager bothered. v./ n. concern The movie concerns life. show/ express concern about 关心16. confidence n. gain / lose confidence lack confidence do sth with confidence confidence-building measures/ steps 增强自信的措施 adj. confident be confident about adj. confidential 机密的，机要的 a confidential report17. considerate adj. 周到， 体贴 be considerate to / towards It is considerate of sb to do sth It is very considerate of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep. considerable adj 大量的 a considerable amount of research consideration n. take sth into consideration/ account considering= given 考虑到 consider v.18. application n. 申请书 job applications 求职申请 application form 申请表 The article discusses the application of this theory to actual economic practice. 应用 apply v. apply to sb for sth 向某人申请 apply sth to sth 把- 应用到 apply to sb. 适用于 apply oneself to doing 致力于 专心于 applicant n. 申请人 appliance 【c】n home appliances 家用电器 19. contract (n) 契约；合同a contract of employment 雇用合同 a temporary contract 临时合同 break (the terms of) the contract. 违约 drawing up (= writing) a contract. sign/enter into contract 签合同 be under contract为于你签合同的人工作They will only agree to sign the contract if certain conditions are met. Im on a temporary contract and have little financial security . Under the terms of their contract, employees must give 3 months notice if they leave. V + to infinitive They contracted to work fixed hours each week.他们订立合同确定每周固定的工作时间。contract in/out phrasal verb UK 同意参与；定约加入/定合同把某工作承包出去They contracted in to the share deal. 他们同意参与这桩股票交易。19. cope (v) “（成功的）应付，对付It must be difficult to cope with / deal with three small children and a job. The tyres on my car dont cope very well on wet roads. I have never driven a big van before, but Im sure I can cope.20. council (n) 委员会；理事会the United Nations Security Council The town/city council is/are responsible for keeping the streets clean. 21. critical 极为重要的，关键性的Parental attention is critical to the childs socialization. 父母的关注对孩子适应社会是很重要的。Finding the source of the gas leak was of critical importance.找到漏气的地方至关重要 批评严厉的，吹毛求疵的，爱挑剔的She is very critical of the way we bring up our children. I dont want to be over critical, but isnt all of this completely unnecessary? 评论（家）的His last film won/received critical acclaim (= was praised by film critics).a critical analysis of Stevens poem 对Steven 的诗所做的评判性的分析危急的，紧要关头的Both drivers are critical/in a critical condition (= so badly hurt that they might die) after the 120mph crash. 22. criticism 评论，意见； 批评，指责 The designs for the new mosque have attracted widespread criticism. The government is currently facing severe criticism. I think he felt discouraged because of all the criticism hed received. literary criticism 文学评论 If youve got any constructive (= positive) criticism of the project, Id be glad to hear it. 有建设性的意见23. criticize 批评；指责 / 评论 Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time.The government is being widely criticized in the press for failing to limit air pollution. Were a group of artists who meet to discuss things and criticize each others work. Criticizing your own work is very difficult.24. demanding 费力的，需要技能的/苛求的，要求过高的 Shes a very demanding child.她是个特别需要费神的孩子 a demanding job/task 一份费力的工作Shes hoping to find a job which is more demanding intellectually. Police work is physically demanding and stressful. Her mother could be very demanding at times.25. deny 否认，否定I saw you, so dont try to deny it ! + that Neil denies that he broke the window, but Im sure he did. + -ing verb Neil denies breaking the window. theres no denying =it is true Theres no denying that this has been a difficult year for the company. 26. discipline 纪律；纪律状况 /自制能力/处罚，惩处，处分 parental/military/school discipline There should be better discipline in schools. I dont have enough ( self ) discipline to save money That child needs discipline. 那个孩子应给与处罚 (good) discipline Maintaining classroom discipline (= control of the students) is the first task of every teacher. 27. display 展示；陈列/ 显示，显露（情感，态度或才能） There were photographs of all her children proudly displayed on the mantelpiece. The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in public. All the musicians displayed considerable skill.28. domestic 国内的/家用的，家中使用的/关于家庭和生活的，家事的domestic airlines/flights 国内航班 The domestic market is still depressed, but demand abroad is picking up. domestic appliance/ equipment 家用电气/设备 domestic life 家庭生活 domestic violence/problem/trouble 家庭暴力/问题/麻烦 domestic harmony 家庭和睦This weeks broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence. 29. educational 教育的；与教育有关的/ 有教育意义的 Work experience is an important educational experience for young people. (= a new experience from which he can learn) . The educational system was a model for those of many other countries. The equipment could be used for a variety of educational purposes. 30. effective 产生预期效果的，有效的/引人注意的/生效的/实际的，事实上 opposite ineffective (n) effectivenessIts an extremely effective cure for a headache. The lighting for the production made a very effective use of shadow. Yoga is a very effective technique for combating stress. This style of decoration is simple yet effective. The new laws will become effective next month. 31. elderly 年老的；渐老的 elderly relatives/parents An elderly couple live next door. Please give up your seat to an elderly or disabled person if they require it. She was too elderly and infirm to remain at home. the elderly = old people considered as a group 老人，上了年纪的人The city is building new housing for the elderly. 32. emphasize 强调，着重 + question word Id just like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn foreign languages. + that He emphasized that all the people taking part in the research were volunteers. She emphasized the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in the diet. It should be emphasized that flying is a very safe way to travel.Tight jeans will only emphasize any extra weight that you are carrying.(to make something more obvious) 33. employer 雇用者，雇主 She was fired after she was caught stealing from her employer. Its about time employers realized that staff who are happy work more efficiently. 34. employment 职业，工作 unemployment ( 反义词)student seeking employment after college 毕业后求职的大学生in employment = doing a job 在业 full employment 充分就业35.enable vt. 使能够，使有机会；使。成为可能 However , many students and parents oppose this opinion, saying that canceling the separation of subjects means putting more pressure and burdens on students ,while focusing on fewer courses enables students to excel in specific areas.36. English n. 英语，英文 speak _ English _ English language 世界各地的英语 world Englishes adj. 英格兰的，英格兰人的，英语的37.ensure vt. =make sure 保证，担保，确保 The book ensured his success. Please ensure that all lights are switched off. 07 湖南）Having ensured that the doors were closed and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 38.entitle vt. entitle sb to do 使享有权利，使符合资格；给。命名 Everyone is entitled to voice their own opinion. 每个人都有权利发表自己的观点。 a poem entitled “Love”_ n. entitlement 权利，资格； 有权利得到的东西，应的数额 可数 This may affect your entitlement to compensation. 这会影响你索赔的权利。 pension entitles 养老金数额39. environmental adj. 自然环境的，生态环境的，有关环境的 环境污染/问题/保护 environmental pollution/ problem/ issues/protection Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster unless we completely change the way we live.environmentally adv. 对环境有好处的生活方式 environmentally friendly way of life = _way of lifen. environment 环境，客观环境 ; 自然环境 to protect the environment 令人愉快的工作环境 a pleasant working environment They have created an environment _ productivity should flourish .40.establish vt. =set up 建立，创立，设立 The committee was established in 1999. The school has established a successful relationship with the local community. 这所学校与当地地区建立了良好的关系。 establish sb/sth /yourself as sth 或得接受，得到认可，使立足，使稳固 He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to get established. 他刚刚建立起自己的公司，但要站稳脚跟还得花上一段时间vt. 查实，确定，证实 Police are still trying to establish the cause of the accident. established adj. 已经确立的，已或确认的，确定的；成名的，公认的， 著名的 They are an established company with a good reputation.他们是一家地位稳固，信誉良好的公司。establishment n. 建立，确立创立； 机构，大型组织，企业，旅馆the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries 国家间外交关系的建立41.everythhing pron. 每件事，所有事物，一切 ； 形势，情况，生活 ;最重要的东西；最要紧的事How is everything with you?My family means everything to me.and everything 以及其他，等等 他向我讲了小宝宝和其他的事情 She told me about the baby and everything .05辽宁五校联考）What he said is _ but practical since _ depends on “if”. A. anything; everything B. nothing ; everything C. everything ; anything D. none ;everything Hurry up if you want to buy something for the party, as there is hardly _ left in the fridge.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything In our daily life ,money is very important in a way, but it isnt _A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 42.export sth to vt.出口，输出; 传播，输出（思想或活动） 90% of the rice are exported to Japan.n. 出口，输出 不可数；出口产品，输出品 复数launch a ban on the export of beef major exports 43.extent=degree n. 到。的程度 to a certain /some extent 我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。To a certain extent , we are responsible for this tragic situation.He had changed to such an extent that I no longer recognized him.To what extent do you agree with his opinion?07重庆）Human facial expression differ from those of animals in the extent ,_they can be controlled on purpose.A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which n. 大小，面积，范围You can see full extent of the beach from here . 你从这儿可以看到海滩的全景44. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的;有趣的= attractive=charming=appealing Its fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. fascinated be fascinated to see/ by sth 对入迷的，极感兴趣的 fascinate vt. 深深吸引；迷住 China has always fascinated me. fascination n. 魅力，极大的吸引力 可数；入迷，着迷 不可数 The fascination of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking. 这个游戏的魅力就在于要努力去猜对手在想什么。 the publics enduring fascination with/for the Royal Family 公众对于皇室经久不衰的兴趣45. fashion n. 流行款式，时兴式样 come into fashion be in /out of fashion（be old-fashioned/be out of dated）follow the fashion Now in our school there is a hot pursuit of fashion. fashionable adj. 流行的，时髦的46. formal adj. 适合正式场合的；正规的；庄重的; 正式的；(informal） He has no formal teaching qualifications .方式上的，形式上的；整齐的，布置井然的 Getting approval for the plan is a purely formal matter; nobody will seriously oppose it. 寻求计划获得批准纯粹是一个形式上的问题，没有人会认真反对的。adv. formally vt. formalize 使。成为正式的；使定形 a highly formalized system of assessment 一套十分固定的评估体系n. formality 正式手续 ；例行公事。 The interview is merely a formality.47. fund n 基金；专款 可数 a disaster relief fund 一笔赈灾专款 funds 资金 raise funds for 为。筹集资金 a fund of knowledge 丰富的知识vt. 为。提供资金，拨款给 a program funded/financed by government =a _ program48. gap n 开口；豁口；缺口；裂口 间断，间隔；They met again after a gap of twenty years. There is a big age gap between them. 分歧；隔阂；差距 narrow / bridge the generation gap the gap between rich and poor 贫富差距49.heating n. 供暖；供暖系统设备 turn off the heating heated adj. 愤怒的；激烈的； 十分激动的Our class had a heated discussion on the problem加热了的 a heated swimming pool (unheated)heat vt 加热 n. 热，；温度；高温，热的环境 the afternoon heat午后的热浪愤怒激动；压力 He replied the question with heat in his voice.Can she take the heat of this level of competition.hot adj.50.hell n. 不可数 苦难的经历；悲惨的境况Being totally alone is my idea of hell on earth. 完全的孤独对我而言就是置身人间地狱。He went through hell during the trial. 在审讯期间他吃尽了苦头。见鬼，该死Go to hell! What the hell do you think you are doing? 你到底知不知道自己在干什么？give sb hell 让某人受罪，不好受/ 呵斥a/one hell of a 及其，非常a hell of a party 非常棒的一个聚会play hell with sb/sth 对。造成严重影响；严重损害51.historical adj 有关历史的，历史学的 historical background/ research 历史背景/