2011年高考试题——英语(全国卷)解析版.doc

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试全国卷I逐题解析第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 单项填空(共l 5小题；每小题1分，满分l 5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21. We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.Yes,? Ill give them a call right now.A. why not B. what forC. whyD. what答案：A确立考点：考察交际用语。试题分析：句意：-我们邀请约翰和芭芭拉来参加周五的派对吧。-好啊，我现在就开始给他们打电话。22. Tryshe might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as答案：D确立考点：考查状语从句。试题分析：前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门。明显前后两句意思相对，选D。as“虽然”。23. Planning so far aheadno senseso many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made答案：C确立考点：考察时态。试题分析：时态题目做题的关键在于把握动作或状态发生的时间。本题要填入的是一个状态，为make no sense无意义，那么这个状态发生的时间是什么时候呢？题目的下半句话说，很多事情在明年都会发生变化，暗示没有意义这个状态是跟现在有关的，说明现在过早的做计划是没有意义的，因此选择表示现在状态的一般现在时。句意为，过早的做计划是没有意义的，因为很多事情在明年都会发生变化。24. I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if hepolite.A. was just being B. will just beC. had just been D. would just be答案：A确立考点：考察时态及连词用法。试题分析：or连接的两个分句时态一致。25. Someone wants you on the phone._nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. AndC. ButD. So答案：C确立考点：考察连词试题分析：前半句为，有人给你打电话；后半句为，没人知道我在这儿，根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C。26.I canthe house being untidy，but I hate it if its not cleanA. come up withB. put up withC. turn toD. stick to答案：B确立考点：考察动词的辨析。试题分析：题中有两个动词，一个是我们要填入的动词，另一个是后半句的动词hate“恨”，句中用连词but把两个动词连接了起来，说明前后两个句子有转折关系。后半句说的是如果房子不干净我会很讨厌，那么前半句填入的动词就应该是我不讨厌，根据题意B选项是最佳选项。put up with表示“忍受”。句子的意思为，我虽然能忍受肮脏的房子，但是如果房子不干净我会很讨厌。come up with提出；想出；赶上。turn to转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动。stick to坚持；粘住27. The next thing he saw was smokefrom behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to rise D. risen答案：B确立考点：考察非谓语做定语。试题分析：句意：他看到的东西是轻烟从房子后面升起来，根据题意，我们可以知道rise“升起来”和see“看到”这两个动作是同事发生的，因此选择现在进行时的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。28. Only when he reached the tea-houseit was the same place hed been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realize答案：D确立考点：考察部分倒装，试题分析：考察以only引导的状语从句引起的部分倒装，应把主句中动词的助动词体质句首，所以选D。29. When Alice came to，she did not know how long shethere.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain答案：A确立考点：考察时态。试题分析：我们要填入的动词是lie“躺”，题中给出的动词是came to“醒来”，并且用的是一般过去时。通过比较这两个动作发生的顺序，我们可以知道，lie一定发生在came to之前，因此，对于一个发生在过去的过去的动作，应该用过去完成时。30. The form cannot be signed by anyoneyourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than答案：B确立考点：考查固定定语。试题分析：这个表格不能给除了你自己之外的任何人填，rather than表示而不是，符合句意。31. The prize will go to the writerstory shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what答案：C确立考点：考察定语从句。试题分析：本体主句中的先行词writer和主句中的主语story有所属关系，先行词writer可以作为story的定语，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句意为：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富想象力的作者。32. Theyhave arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should答案：D确立考点：考察情态动词。试题分析：Shall常用语第二、三人称主语后面表示说话人的意图。句子的意思为，他们应该在午饭的时间到达，但是航班却晚点了。应选D。33. It is generally accepted thatboy must learn to stand up and fight likeman.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a;不填答案：A确立考点：考察冠词。试题分析：句中冠词后的两个名词为boy和man，皆为单数可数名词。句子的意思为，大家普遍认为，男孩必须站起来像男人一样去战斗。从句意可以看出，boy和man都是泛指，单数可数名词泛指应在前面家不定冠词a、an。34.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to.A. disappearB. fallC. failD. damage答案：C确立考点：考察动词的辨析。试题分析：句意：威廉发现阅读起来越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始下降了。Fail“失败”“视力衰弱”，选C。35.Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.Well，you married one.A. You name itB. Ive got itC. I cant agree moreD. You should know答案：D确立考点：考察交际用语。试题分析：句意：-艺术家有时生活是很困难的。-嗯，你嫁了一个艺术家，应该了解的。选D。A.随你讲什么都行，任凭你说；B.我明白了。C.我同意。第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后个体所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory36course about 20years ago.The professor37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to38how many beans the jar contained. After39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the40answer, and went on saying, “You have just41an important lesson about science. That is: Never42your own senses.”Twenty years later, the43could guess what the professor had in mind. He44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting45into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the46, which can be discovered only through scientific47. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even48the invitation. She was just49to understand the world .And she50that her firsthand experience could be the51. The professor, however, said that it was52. He was taking away her only53for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and54.” The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I55the course the afternoon, and I havent gone near science since.”文章体裁：记叙文文章大意：本文以插叙的方法，细致逼真地记叙了一位女士上科学课的经历。小姑娘在第一节自然科学课与教授发生观点的冲突，并且导致与自然课“绝缘”来证明教育对人的影响；本文富有思想性和教育性，具有很强的可读性、欣赏性。36. A. art B. history C. science D. math答案：C考点剖析：考察名词。试题分析：本段上文出现了名词education，下一段出现了professor和jar，貌似是教授在做实验，于是选C。二文章在最后一句说“and I havent gone near science since.”也印证了答案。37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into答案：D考点剖析：考察动词词组。试题分析：根据动作的先后顺序，教授把阔口罐放在桌子前应该已经在讲堂里了，于是排除A、B；get through“通过、穿过”；march into“行军、走过”38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch答案：B考点剖析：考察动词。试题分析：根据后文wildly wrong guesses的提示，选B。39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to答案：D考点剖析：考察动词。试题分析：改动作的发出者是professor，那么教授对大家的猜测只能是听到，选D。40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult答案：C考点剖析：考察形容词。试题分析：修饰名词answer，实验是教授做的，那么他说出的数目自然是正确的。41. A.1earned B. prepared C. taught D. taken答案：A考点剖析：考查动词。试题分析：该动作是学生对课程做出的，那么自然是在学习课程，选择A。42. A.1ose B. trust C. sharpen D. show答案：B考点剖析：考查动词。试题分析：根据上面的叙述，显然教授想说的是不要相信自己的感觉，于是选择B。43. A.1ecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman答案：D考点剖析：考查名词。试题分析：本段开始用了“二十年后”作为开头，说明叙事是一直连贯的，而自首段提出本文叙述的任务就是the woman，选择D。44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served答案：C考点剖析：考查动词。试题分析：自己做的动作首先不会是“尊重”和“服务”，排除B、D无关选项。而根据后句的说明，邀请学生开始一次兴奋的航程去为之世界，这是他自己认为的事情，describe（描述）是与后文中该与确定的事实连用，而对此处显然不适用。选择C。本题难。45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush答案：A考点剖析：考察名词。试题分析：学生对未知世界开启的是一次航程，而非“运动”、“改变”亦或是“匆忙冲进”，选A。46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light答案：B考点剖析：考查名词。试题分析：解题关键是invisible，并且给出了中文注释。中文注释是必须关注的，这经常是解题的关键。对于什么而言是无形的，醒转自然是眼睛看到的，于是选B，本题难。47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods答案：D考点剖析：考查名词。试题分析：因为我们说过三段开始有“20年后”引出，说明前后段逻辑紧密，而前一段说明的事情是我们不能相信自己的眼睛做科学，于是本题中能够发现那个肉眼无法识别的无形未知世界的绝不是“感觉”或者“精神”，排除B、C；而medal“模型”显然是无关选项；最终选D，科学的方法。48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse答案：A考点剖析：考察动词。试题分析：even是一个强烈的递进关系词，那么根据句意，相比不能接受这些邀请更加强烈的情况是不去听这些邀请。49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting答案：B考点剖析：考查动词。试题分析：女孩17岁，正是刚开始认识世界的年纪，选B。50. A. believed B. doubted C. Proved D. explained答案：A考点剖析：考察动词。试题分析：与之相关的是后句的内容：“她的第一感觉会是正确的”，对这件事情她没有“证明”或“解释”，可以排除C、D;而她对自己的第一选择是绝对的相信的。51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth答案：D考点剖析：考查名词。试题分析：女孩认为第一感觉是正确的。选D。growth成长strength力量faith信念。52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable答案：C考点剖析：考查形容词。试题分析：教授使女孩认为第一感觉是错误的。53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection答案：B考点剖析：考查名词试题分析：为了知道未知世界，我手中唯一的是工具，于是选B。54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave答案：C考点剖析：考查形容词。试题分析：and提示文章此处是并列关系，于感觉渺小并列是感觉害怕，cruel的含义是“残忍的”，语义自然不合适，排除。55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed答案：A考点剖析：考察动词。试题分析：被教授伤害后，我对这个科目能做的动作显然不是“开始学习”或者“通过”，排除B、C；missed“失去”，无关选项；选A，“放弃”。第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s，we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course，he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note -“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then，the buttermilk would magically(魔术般)appear.All of this Was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house，for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors，so that the milk wouldnt freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table，having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete(竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service。Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories.I took it home and planted it on the back porch(门廊).Every so often my Sons friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.文章体裁：记叙文文章大意：本文是记叙文。通过作者童年及其家人与送奶工人的交往，怀念过去人们之间的温馨的关系。以前有送奶工会带来的生活的便利，而现在没有送奶工，作者的失落情绪油然而生。56. Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _.A. to show his magical powerB. to pay for the deliveryC. to satisfy his curiosity D. to please his mother答案：C考点剖析：推理题。试题分析：根据首段As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.可以推知送奶工为了满足我的好奇心送给我一些硬币。57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boys house?A. He wanted to have tea there. B. He was a respectable person.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was fully trusted by the family.答案：D考点剖析：推理题。试题分析：根据第三段There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house，for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors，so that the milk wouldnt freeze.可以得出答案D。58. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.B. It has been driven out of the market.C. Its service is getting poor. D. It is forbidden by law.答案：B关键字：考点剖析：推理题。试题分析：根据倒数第二段There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete(竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service。可知，由于大公司生产出更便宜和更实用的牛奶，人们已经不用送奶工人送牛奶了。也就是送牛奶已经被赶出了这个市场。选B。59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.答案：A考点剖析：推理题。试题分析：由最后一段So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.可知，选A。高频词及长难句解析：Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete.大公司生产了便宜的牛奶，从而使送奶更难于竞争。Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldnt freeze.Mr. Basille甚至有我么家的钥匙，因为在当时，外面太冷了以至于我们把箱子放在室内，以免牛奶结冰。BThe wordadvertisingrefers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote(促进)the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages，merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. TheLondon Gazettewas the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising.Thiswas so successful that by the end of the century that several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firms name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies(广告商).”The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism(消费主义)as a way of life. spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.文章体裁：说明文文章大意：本文是说明文，主要描述广告从中世纪到二十世纪的发展历程。在开始时，并没有广告这一行业，只是一些公共宣传。到了中世纪才有一些印刷的宣传页。到了十七世纪末，才有报纸刊登广告。在十八世纪时广告迅速发展起来。60. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.答案：B考点剖析：细节题。试题分析：依据：（第一段第三句）In the Middle Ages，merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.61. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies.答案：A考点剖析：猜测词义题。试题分析：TheLondon Gazettewas the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising.Thiswas so successful that by the end of the century that several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.由此句分析可知答案。62. The l8th century advertising was special in its_.A. growing spending B. printing materialsC. advertising companies D. attractive designs答案：D考点剖析：推理题。试题分析：依据：Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text.63 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of Advertising B. The Value of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for Advertising答案：A考点剖析：主旨大意题。试题分析：本文主要描述广告从中世纪到二十世纪的发展历程，是广告发展史。高频词及长难句解析：Everything from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firms name or product ,words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.从衣服到饮料一切东西都可以用聪明的方法加以推销，比如重复公司的名字或产品，用吸引人的方式组织词语，用漂亮的图片和很容易记忆的表达等。CWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign(发起运动)for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low ,and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 66” (6 feet and 6 inches)is falling short for 25of men，while the standard 63” bed caters for(满足需要)less than half of the male(男性)population，said TPCGB presidentPhil Heinricy, “Seven-foot beds would work fine.Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note，however. At Queens Moat Houses Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh，66”beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors,particularly Americans.文章体裁：说明文文章大意：若说个头小可能很好的话，大块头就似乎很囧了，尤其是住店吃饭的时候。本文讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP，在六个月以前向宾馆和饭店发起的一些针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动，英国大块头俱乐部有话要说。64. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A. To provide better services.B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.D. To attract more people to become its members.答案：C考点剖析：细节理解题。试题分析：由第二段的which was formed six months ago to campaign(发起运动)for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。65. Which the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?A. 72”.B. 7.C. 66”.D. 63”.答案：B考点剖析：细节理解题。试题分析：由倒数第三段said TPCGB president Phil