贾凡丁给排水专业英语.doc

昆明冶金高等专科学校毕业论文题 目: 钢铁厂原水处理工艺学 院: 环 境 工 程 学 院专 业: 给排水工程技术学 生 姓 名: 孔 得 信学 号: 0800002521指 导 老 师: 武 彦 生 完 成 时 间: 2011年6月 目录1、摘要2、前言3、概述4、工艺流程5、工艺选址6、工艺系统分析比较7、v型滤池8、v型滤池优缺点9、澄清池工作原理10、机械加速澄清池运行效果分析11、机械加速澄清池运行参数的调整12、出水浊度超标原因分析及采用措施13、机械加速澄清池的设计计算14、结束语 摘要 随着我国人口的增加，经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，我国水资源形势将更为严峻，以水资源紧张、水污染严重和洪涝灾害为特征的水危机已经成为我国可持续发展的重要制约因素，成为实现新时期经济社会发展目标具有基础性、全局性和战略性的重大问题。然而，我国在工业方面我国炼钢等生产过程的单位耗水量比国外先进水平高几倍甚至几十倍，水的重复利用不到发达国家的1/3。 先进的工艺流程，能生产出高质量的水，还需要整个厂区有一个整洁优美的环境和赏心悦目的建筑形态。这就必须对给水工程的原有设计方法和程序思路有一个较大的改变，应把设计的全过程看成是一个持续发展的、不断开放的、经常变化的动态体系，以确保设计出一个优秀工程来。 前言 通过实行清洁生产战略，改变生产工艺或采用节水以至不用水生产工艺，以及合理进行工业或生产布局，以减少工业生产对水的需求，提高水的利用效率，此即所谓的生产工艺节水。可以想象，工艺节水涉及工业生产的原料路线与政策，涉及生产工艺方法、流程与生产设备，涉及工业与产品结构、生产规模、生产组织以至工业生产布局等。总之，它几乎深入地涉及工业生产的各个方面；因此工艺节水是更为复杂、更加长远的任务，是工业节水的根本途径。 其次，对于钢铁行业来讲，原水水质的指标从某种程度上讲直接影响整个炼钢的生产过程，原水水质的好坏影响锅炉的正常运行，锅炉冷却循环水的损失，直接由原水供水系统补充，原水供水系统中的杂质和胶体的含量决定了锅炉的结垢、腐蚀和积盐。原水系统还决定了软水系统和除盐水系统的运行成本和效率，除盐水直接影响整个发电工艺的正常运行。因此原水处理工艺在工业给水系统中是很重要的。一、概述 云南德胜钢铁有限公司总体发展规划要求，在现有钢厂附近区域新建主要生产棒。型材钢铁项目。作为配套公辅设施，对高位水池内不能满足远水处理工艺要求的现有设施进行改造，施工。处理能力为5万T/d。二、工艺流程 配水井管道混合器机械加速澄清池V型滤池滤后水提升泵吸水调节池高位水池主管道工业用户工艺流程三、工艺选址原水处理厂水源来源于距工业厂区10公里的石门水库东河水库，用DN700焊接钢管接入原原水处理厂，其高程为1616.5，工业厂区标高在1585.5新工艺建设位于原原水处理厂旁，处理水为原有水源。四、工艺系统分析比较（一）澄清池与沉淀池1、混凝机理混凝就是水中胶体粒子以及微小悬浮物的聚集过程（简而言之，混凝过程就是通过加入药剂把水中的胶体使之粘合在一起，增加其自生的重量，在停留时间有限的水处理构筑物内沉降下来，如机械加速澄清池是将混凝，反应和澄清的过程建在同一个构筑物内的构筑物）2、混凝过程（1）中和作用 （2）吸附作用 （3）表面接触作用（4）过滤作用3、澄清池工作原理采用混凝沉淀法去除水中悬浮颗粒的工艺包括水和药剂的混合,反应以及絮凝体与水的分离三个阶段,澄清池是将这三个过程集于一个构筑物中完成的一种非凡形式的设施。4、机械加速澄清池（1）概述机械加速澄清池属于泥渣循环分离型,它是借助机械抽升作用,使泥渣在垂直方向不断循环,捕捉原水中形成的絮凝体,并在分离区加以分离;其特点是充分利用已形成泥渣的活性,增加碰撞机会,强化碰撞几率,提高处理设备的功能。（2）机械加速澄清池的优缺点1）优点对水量、水中的离子浓度变化的适应性强处理效果稳定处理效率高2）缺点耗能大腐蚀严重，维修困难4、平流式沉淀池（1）概述 平流式沉淀池是沉淀池的一种类型。池体平面为矩形，进口和出口分设在池长的两端。池的长宽比不小于4，有效水深一般不超过3m，池子的前部的污泥设计。（2）平流式沉淀池优点：1）处理水量大小不限，沉淀效果好。2）对水量和温度变化的适应能力强。3）平面布置紧凑，施工方便，造价低。（3）平流式沉淀池缺点：1）进、出水配水不易均匀。2）多斗排泥时，每个斗均需设置排泥管（阀），手动操作，工作繁杂。 3）采用机械刮泥时容易锈蚀。（4）平流式沉淀池适用范围：1）适用于地下水位高、地质条件较差的地区，2）大、中、小型污水处理工程均可采用，（5）平流式沉淀池设计要点：1）混凝沉淀时，出水浊度宜10mg/L,特殊情况15mg/L；2）池数或分隔数一般不少于2；3）沉淀时间一般为1.03.0h，当处理低温低浊水或高浊度水时可适当延长；4）沉淀池内平均水平流速一般为1025mm/s；5）有效水深一般为3.03.5m,超高为0.30.5m；6）池的长宽比应4，每隔宽度或导流墙间距一般采用38m，最大为15m，当采用虹吸式或泵吸式行车机械排泥时，池子分格宽度还应结合桁架的宽度（8、10、12、14、16、18、20m）；7）池长深比应10；8）进水区采用穿孔花墙配水时，穿孔墙距进水墙池壁的距离应12m，同时在沉淀面以上0.30.5m 处至池底部分的墙不设孔眼；9）采用穿孔墙配水或溢流堰集水，溢流率可采用500 m3/(md)；10）池泄空时间一般6h；11）雷诺数一般为400015000，弗劳德数一般为110-4 110-5。根据钢铁厂对水量水质的要求，我们选定比较稳定的机械加速澄清池。5、机械加速澄清池容积为1573m3，单池处理能力为1000m3/h1、 设计进水量按公称水量加15自用水量计，其中5为滤池冲洗水量，10为滤池的最大排泥耗水量。2、 上升流速1mm/m3、 停留时间1.5h4、 一二反应室停留时间合计30分钟左右5、 进水管流速0.8到1.6m/s6、 三角槽进水流速0.5到1.0m/s7、 提升流量5倍出近水流量8、 二反应上升流速40到60豪m/m9、 沉渣回流流速150到200mm/s10、 穿孔集水槽计算流量应考虑流量增加的余地，超载系数一般取1.2到1.511、 穿孔集水槽计算方法如下：a、 孔口总面积f=BQ/uf 孔口总面积B 超载系数2、虹吸滤池（1）概述虹吸滤池，以虹吸管代替进水和排水阀门的快滤池形式之一。滤池各格出水互相连通，反冲洗水由其他滤水补给。每个滤格均在等滤速变水位条件下运行。（2）构造 虹吸滤池构造示意图（3）配水系统虹吸滤池的冲洗水头，仅1.11.3米左右，它的配水系统只能采用小阻力配水系统。小阻力配水系统采用较多的有双层孔板，孔板网、三角槽孔板、穿孔滤砖和缝隙式滤头等。（4）真空虹吸系统真空虹吸系统是虹吸滤池的重要组成部分，系由真空泵、真空罐、管路(包括控制阀门)和进水、冲洗虹吸管等组成。（5）优点不需要大型的闸阀及相应的电动或水力等控制设备，可以利用滤池本身的出水量、水头进行冲洗，不需要设置洗水塔或水泵；可以在一定范围内，根据来水量的变化自动均衡地调节各单元滤池的滤速，不需要滤速控制装置；滤过水位永远高于滤层，可保持正水头过滤，不至于发生负水头现象；设备简单，管廊面积小，控制闸阀和管路可集中在滤池中央的真空罐周围，操作管理方便，易于自动化控制，减少生产管理人员，降低运转费用；在投资上与同样生产能力的普通快滤池相比能降低造价2030，且节约金属材料3040。 （6）缺点与普通快滤池相比，池深较大(56米)；采用小阻力配水系统单元滤池的面积不宜过大，因冲洗水头受池深的限制，最大在1.3米左右，没有富余的水头调节，有时冲洗效果不理想。 （7）适用条件虹吸滤池适用于中小型给水处理(一般在4000吨/日5000吨/日)，有较突出的优点。如水量小于4000吨/日，则采用重力式无阀滤池。二、要注意的几个因素 1、工艺流程的要求 2、总体规划的要求 3、传统观念的改革 4、防止专业之间的各行其是 5、建筑设计的重要性不可忽视 主要参考书目给水工程（第3版）北京中国建筑工业出版社1995水处理理论基础 成都西南交通大学出版社 论水的混凝 北京中国建筑工业出版社给水净化新工艺 北京中国建筑工业出版社混凝技术 北京中国环境科学出版社 KunMing Metallurgy College Graduation ThesisOrders:The Treatment Technology of Steel Raw WaterLearn court: The Environment CollegeAD industry: water supply and drainage engineering technologyStudents name:Kong DexinLearn number: 0800002521Refers to guide the old teacher: Mr.Wu When the into between June, 2011 Content1, the directory2, the introduction3, summarizes4, process flow5, process location6, process system analysis and comparison7, v type filter8, v type filter advantages and disadvantages9, clarification tank working principle10, mechanical accelerated clarifier running effect analysis11, mechanical accelerated clarifier operation parameters adjustment12, water turbidity overweight cause analysis and using measures13, mechanical design and calculation of the accelerated clarifier14, concluding remarks The SummaryAlong with the increase of population of our country , the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, Chinas water resources situation will be more severe .With the water stress, water pollution is severe and flood disaster for the characteristics of the water crisis has become Chinas sustainable development the important restriction factors, becoming to realize the new period of economic and social development goals with basic, global and strategic problems. However, Chinas industry , such as steel production process of water consumption unit is high several times even a few times than foreign advanced level , water reuse is less than a third of the developed countries.Advanced technological process, which can produce high quality water, also need the whole factory have a neat and beautiful environment and pleasing to the eye of the architectural form. This must be the original water supply engineering design method and program ideas have a greater change, should be the design process as a sustainable development,.And constantly open, often changes of dynamic system, which is to ensure that the design a good engineer. PrefaceThrough the practice of cleaner production strategy, which changes the production process or adopt water saving and no water production process, and reasonable for industrial or production layout, in order to reduce industrial production demand for water, improve water use efficiency.This is the so-called production process water saving. We can imagine that water saving technology in industrial production of raw material route and policy is involving the production method, process and production equipment, and involving industrial and product structure, the scale of production, production organization and industrial production layout, etc. In short, it almost deeply involved in all aspects of industrial production;.So the process water is more complicated and more long-term task, and it is the basic way of water-saving in industry.Secondly, for the iron and steel industry, in terms of raw water quality indicators in a certain extent directly affects the whole steel production process, raw water quality is good or bad influence the normal operation of the boiler, the boiler of recirculating cooling water loss, directly from raw water supply system supplement, raw water supply system of impurity and colloid content determines the boiler scaling, corrosion and product salt. Raw water system also determines the soft water system and the brine system operation cost and efficiency, in addition to salt water directly affects the normal operation of the whole power generation technology. So the raw water treatment technology in the industrial water supply system is very important.a summaryYunnan tecsun iron and steel co., LTD., has developed planning requirements, the existing steel area near the new main production bar. Section steel project. As a supporting and auxiliary facilities, the high pool in far cannot satisfy the water treatment process requirements of the existing facilities construction, reconstruction. Processing capacity of 50000 T/d.Second, the process flow Match well - pipe mixer - mechanical accelerated clarifier - V type filter to filter the water lift pump suction control pool - high pool main - industrial user processThree, process locationRaw water treatment plant water from industrial factories from 10 kilometers of shimen reservoir east river reservoir, with DN700 welded steel pipe access the original raw water treatment plant, its height is 1616.5, industrial factory level in 1585.5 the new technology in the construction of the original raw water treatment plant side, which is dealing with water as the original source.Four, process system analysis and comparison(a) clarification tank and tank1, coagulation mechanismCoagulation is water colloidal particles and small suspended matter gathering process (in short, coagulation process is by adding the agent water colloid make bonding together, increase the authentic weight, stay time limited water treatment structures in settling down, such as mechanical accelerated clarifier is concrete, response and clarification process built in the same structure within the structure)2, the coagulation process(1) neutralization(2) adsorption(3) surface contact action(4) filtering3, clarification tank working principleThe coagulation precipitation to remove the suspended particle technology including water and potions to mix, reaction and flocculation body and water separation of three stages, sedimentation basin is the three process set in a complete structure of a kind of special form of facilities.4, mechanical accelerated clarifier(1) overviewMechanical accelerated sedimentation basin belongs to the sludge circulation separation type, which is with the mechanical smoke rise effect, and it makes the sludge in vertical direction continuously circulation, captures raw water formed in the flocculation body, and in the separation area are isolated; Its characteristic is to make full use of already formed sludge activity, increase the collision opportunities, strengthen the collision probability, improve the function of the processing equipment.(2) the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical accelerated clarifier.1) advantages(1) the water, the water to the ion concentration changes adaptability(2) the stability of the treatment effect(3) high treatment efficiency2) faults(1) the energy consumption(2) the corrosion is serious, maintenance difficulties4, flat sedimentation basin (1) overviewFlat sedimentation basin is a type of settling basin. Cell body plane for rectangular, import and export, set up in the pond long both ends. Pool length-width ratio not less than 4, effective depth generally not more than 3 m, the front of the pool of sludge design.(2)flat sedimentation basin advantages:1) water treatment in any size, precipitation effect is good.2) the water and temperature change of a strong ability to adapt.3) layout is compact, construction is convenient, low cost.(3)flat sedimentation basin faults:1) inlet and outlet water distribution is uniform.2) bucket dredge, each bucket all needs to set up mud tube (valve), manual operation, the work is multifarious. 3) the mechanical scraping mud was easy to rust.(4) flat sedimentation basin suitable for:1) suitable for underground water level is high, the geological conditions of the poor areas,2) large, medium and small sewage treatment works can be used.(5) flat sedimentation basin design key points:1) coagulation precipitation, water turbidity appropriate 10 mg/L, special circumstances or less 15 mg/L;2) cell number or division number general not less than 2;3) the settling time is generally 1.0 3.0 h, when dealing with low temperature and low or high turbidity water can be appropriately extended;4) sedimentation tank in average flow velocity is generally 10 to 25 mm/s;5) effective depth is generally 3.0 3.5 m, 0.3 0.5 m high;6) pool length-width ratio should be obtained.the 4, every width or guide wall spacing generally USES 3 8 m, maximum 15 m, when using siphon or pump suctionType crane mechanical dredge, pool frame width may be combined with the width of the truss (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and, and m);7) pool long depth ratio should be obtained.the 10;8) water area to use punched tracery wall water distribution, perforated wall from the wall of the pool water wall distance or should be 1 2 m, at the same time in precipitation surface above0.3 0.5 m place to the bottom part of the wall do not set hole;9) the perforated wall water distribution or overflow weir catchment, overflow rate can use 500 ;10) pool emptying time general acuities 6 h;11) Records number general for 4000 15000, the around number is usually 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-5.According to the steel plant to water quality requirements, we selected relatively stable mechanical accelerated clarifier.5, mechanical acceleration clarification tank volume for 1573 m3, ChanChi processing capacity of 1000 m3 / hDesign into the water by nominal capacity and 15 private water meter, of which 5) for filter flushing water, 10 to filter the biggest dredge water consumption.Rise velocity 1 mm/mResidence time of 1.5 hJust a little reaction chamber retention time total 30 minutesWater inlet velocity of 0.8 to 1.6 m/sTriangular groove water flow rate of 0.5 to 1.0 m/sImprove flow 5 times nearly water flowTwo reaction velocity and rise to sixty hao m/mSediment return velocity 150 to 200 mm/sPerforated header tank calculation flow should consider flow increase of leeway, overload factor generally take 1.2 to 1.5Perforated header tank calculation method is as follows:Orifice area f = BQ/u f - orifice areaB - overload coefficientU - flow coefficient its value for hole diameter and tank wall thickness ratio vary, for thin wall orifice can use 0.62Q - clarification tank full flow, namely ring groove and header tank hole water total flowG - for acceleration of gravityH - orifice lossesB punch header tank width and height(2) filterFilter have gravity valveless filter, siphon filter, mobile cover filter, V type filter, pressure filter, etc.1, v type filterV type filter is fast filter is a kind of form, because the water into the shape is vee named, also called graded filter material filter (the filter material using homogeneous filter material, namely all size filter material), six valve filter (all kinds of pipeline there are six main valve)overviewV type filter is fast filter is a kind of form, because the water into the shape is vee named, also called graded filter material filter (the filter material using homogeneous filter material, namely all size filter material), and six valve filter (all kinds of pipeline there are six main valve).Working processTo filter water by water total channel the inlet valve and square hole, flow weir crest then through side hole into is to filter the water flooded the V groove, respectively the tank bottom uniform with hole and V groove weir into the filter. Be homogeneous filter material filter filter filter water after the long handle filter head into the bottom space, the square hole into the air water distribution pipe canal, in charge of the water well, was the water weir, clear ditch into the clear water reservoir.(3) back flush process:Close inlet valve, but there are still part of the water from both sides often open square hole into the filter, the V groove side to drain a side, the formation of a surface and wash. Then open drain valve will pool surface water from the whos vent to filter water and V groove top are flat. Back flush process often use air impact - air water and recoil - water impact three steps.(4) V type filter and the characteristics of the design parameters1) filter speed can reach 7 and m/h, general is 12.5 15.0 m/h.2) the single upset graded filter material, size is generally 0.95 1.35 mm, will be allowed to expand to 0.7 2.0 mm, not uniformity coefficient between 1.2 1.6 or 1.8.3) to filter speed in 7 and m/h between the filter, the filter layer height is 0.95 1.5 m choose between, for higher filter speed can also be increased accordingly.4) bottom with the long handle filter head plate of the drainage system, do not set gravel supporting layer. Filter head adopts network layout, about 55 / m2.5) back flush generally USES air impact, gas, water and recoil and water impact three process, backwash effect is good, save backwash water and power consumption.6) the whole filter material layer in the depth direction of the particle size distribution basic even, in the flushing process present not inflation, not occur hydraulic classification phenomenon, ensure that deep cut pollution, filter with high carrying capacity. Filter more depth general more than 1.2 m, backwash water level down to the drain tank top, depth is only 0.5 m.(5) from the actual operation situation, V type filter by gas water backwash technology and pure water back flush way in, mainly has The following advantages:1) better eliminates the filter material surface and inner mud ball, have cut corrupt capability is strong, filtration cycle is long, the backwash water small features. Can save backwash water forty