定语从句 逐字稿(自己一个字一个字敲出来的,对于没有经验的老师很有用).doc

.在湖南长沙市的中考题里，定语从句从07年到12年都考了一道中考题，主要靠连接词。首先讲定语从句，先要讲定语。在官方的定义里，定语时这样解释的：定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句。当然这是非常绕口和难以记忆的。而我们用人话来说定语是怎样的呢？首先看两个句子。She is a girl. She is a pretty girl.这个中间的pretty就是一个定语。定语，顾名思义就是把什么东西给定下来的词语。例如第一个句子里的女孩，我们知道女孩有各种各样的，好的，坏的，丑的，美的，像凤姐那样的就是雷人的是吧。而这里一个pretty，是不是就把这是一个怎样的女孩给定下来的，她是怎样的，pretty的，甜美可人的。类似的有很多，this is a big house.中间的big。 （学生自己造一个句子）。接下来就是定语到定语从句了，还是来看两个句子。She is a pretty girl.She is a girl who is pretty.后面一个就叫做定语从句了。它的翻译是这样的，这是一个女孩，这个女孩是甜美可人的。怎么变的，把这个pretty提到后边，变成一个句子。还有什么this is a big house. 美少女变身就是，this is a house that is big. 停，考点就出来了。注意到这两个句子的不同没有，一个是who，一个是that，这就是我们引导词。一般就是列出几个引导词让你选择。我们的任务就是区分在区分不同条件下用怎样的引导词。主要的引导词有：关系代词：that /which/who/whom/whose/as关系副词：where/where/why既然是两大类，首先区分关系代词和关系副词。总的原则是关系代词充当句子成分，关系副词不充当句子成分。首先要解释一个概念，什么是句子成分。我们在学习英语的时候，有五大句型，理解句子成分先理解五大句型。第一种是：主 + 谓（vi）如： I run.第二种是：主 + 谓（vt）+ 宾 I like books.第三种是：主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 I bought him a apple.第四种是：主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 I see him crying.第五种是：主 + 系 + 表 you are beautiful.什么是成分呢，主要指这里的主语和宾语。首先看到几道练习题决定是填关系代词还是副词。Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures _ were drawn by a famous person.A. That B. who C. what D. whomThis is the most interesting book _ I ve read before.A. That B. which C. who D. itAugust 1st, 1927 was the day _ the PLA was found.A. That B. which C. where D. when.接着区分关系代词：代词的用法：That 人/事物 主/宾Which 物 主/宾Who 人 主Whom 人 宾Whose+n. 一起构成从句主语区分关系副词 Where 表地点（具体+抽象job, field; situation, case）When 表时间Why 表原因（强调缺成分）特殊情况：只用which不用that的情况： 1，非限制性定语从句中。（The book, which I bought yesterday, is missing. ） 2，介词后。(The place in which many people live is a nice place.) 3，前面已经有that。(I dont like that which he did.)只用that 不用which的情况：1， 修饰。当先行词有表示数量的（only, some, any, little, few, much, very, all）形容词，表示最高级的（most）形容词，序数词（first）修饰时。2， 本身。当先行词是不定代词时（something，anything）；先行词既表人又表物时（Lu Xun and his work that we are familiar with are great.）。特殊的关系词，as（正如。一样）。一般用于特殊的结构，有标志性词语。 如：such。as; sameas; as is known to: 练习题1 My hometown is no longer the same - it used to be. A, Like B, that C, as D, which 2 I have read all the books-were borrowed from the library. A, They B, which C, / D, that3 This is the best hotel in the hotel in the city-I knowA, It B, where C,/ D, which 4 Is oxygen the only gas-helps fire burn. A, It B, which C,/ D, that 5 We talked about the books and writers-we knew. A, Which B, who C, whom D, that 6 I hope to get such a dictionary-he is using.A, That B, which C / D a7 He told us all-he knew about computer.A, That B, which C, what D, as 8 The first place -we visited in that city was a b