仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1-108 HSI,ADF,RMI,DME.ppt

PRINCIPLESOFINSTRUMENTFLIGHT HSI ADF RMI DME HSIisacombinationofVOR HeadingIndicator TheHSI HorizontalSituationIndicator GreatvisualizinginstrumentCombinesVORindicatorwithHeadingIndicatorbird seyeviewofyourpositionNOreversesensingproblemswhentunedtoVORFeaturesinstantaneoustrackingawarenesspositionfromdesiredradial HSILocalizer ReverseSensingwhentunedtolocalizerunlessfrontcourseisselectedcourseselectormustbesettotheinboundfrontcourseforbothfrontandbackcourseinstrumentapproachesWe lltalkaboutthismorewhenwelearnaboutILS HSI FAAFig 95 HSI FAAFigs 98 99 WhichaircraftsymbolrepresentstheindicationsofHSI A B etc FirstnotetheaircraftHeading thenfigureoutinwhichquadranttheaircraftislocated HSI FAAFigs 109 110 111 WhatcardinaldirectionarewelocatedfromtheVORstation ADFGroundFacilities NondirectionalbeaconsL MFrange190to535kHzNolineofsightlimitationsBut Lightning precipitationstatic anddistantstations interferenceatnightarecommon PrecipitationStatic ShorelinesCanRefract Bend TheSignalsWhenTheyCrossAtSmallAngles ADFLimitations TerrainEffectMountainsreflectradiowaves sometimesatanangle ShorelineEffectRadiowavestraveldifferentlyoverwaterthanoverland NightEffectsignalsbouncedoffionosphere needlefluctuations interferencefromdistantstationsErrorgreatestatsunriseandsunset twilight ThunderstormEffectneedlepointsatlightning couldnavigateyoutothenearestthunderstorm PrecipitationStaticStaticcausedbyrain snoworcloudsneedlefluctuations HomingwithADF HOMINGresultsinacurvedpathtostationifthereiswind ADFFormula MH RB MBMagneticHeading MH RelativeBearing RB MagneticBearing MB TOthestation add subtract180forFROM MH RB MB TOSTATION ADFBearingIndicators FixedCardBearingIndicator NeedleindicatesRELATIVEBEARING MustbereferencedtoHeadingIndicator MovableCardADFIndicator NeedleindicatesMAGNETICBEARING Mustbemanuallysettoheading RadioMagneticIndicator NeedleindicatesMAGNETICBEARING Automaticallysettoheading FixedCardADF BearingNeedlealwayspointstotherelativebearingRELATIVEBEARING HowmanydegreesclockwiserelativetotheNOSEoftheaircraftisthestationlocated Thinkofthe N or 0 atthetopofthedialasrepresentingthe NOSE oftheaircraftratherthanNorth MovableCardIndicator WithMHsetonmovablecardADFTipofneedlepointstomagneticbearingTONDBTailofneedlepointstomagneticbearingFROMNDB ADFNavigation SuperimposingHeadingIndicatortoADFworkswellwithfixedcardADFMovablecardADFtakesoutalotofguessworkVisualizeusingflightcomputerasheadingindicatorforFAAtestquestions FAAFig 105 SetaircraftheadingonthecompassroseofyourE6B UseyourpencilastheneedleandpointTIPofpencilto bearingTOstation orTAILofpencilto bearingFROMstation Matchwhatyouseeonyour movablecard E6BtooneoftheindicatorsgivenasanswerchoiceinFAAquestion seeGleimInstrumentKnowledgeTestGuidepg 78 RadioMagneticIndicator RMI Twoparts slavedcompasscardbearingpointerGenerallyhave2bearingpointerneedlesVORandADFHead courseTOTail bearingFROM RadialiftunedtoVOR BearingFROMthestation RMIStationPassage Identifiedwhen needledropstowingtippositionORsettlesat180 positionDependingonaltitude fromtimeofoscillationtostationpassagecouldbeanywhereupto3minutes DistanceMeasuringEquipment DME PairedFrequencies VORandDMEarelockedtogether HowDMEworkspulsedsignalpairtimetoreturnGroundspeedfeatureisgooddirectlytoorfromastation butnot90degreestostation Slantrange fromaircrafttostation DME BASICOPERATION INTERROGATIONSIGNAL RANGEREPLYSIGNAL DMETRANSMITTER RECEIVER MEASURESTHETIMEITTAKESFORREPLYSIGNALTORETURNANDCONVERTSTHISTIMETOADISTANCEINNM DistanceMeasuringEquipment DME DMEIdentification Morsecodeapprox every30seconds DMECautions SlantRangeDistance TheDME DistanceMeasuringEquipment isahandylittletool ifyou vegotone thatmeasuresyourdistancetoaVOR DMEorVORTAC givestruegroundspeed andETAtothatstation CarefulThough Receiver Antenna SpeedAndETAAreOnlyAccurateWhenHeadingDirectlyTowardOrFromTheStation DistanceIsOnlyAccurateBeyondSomeDistanceAwayDueTo SlantRange DME DMEArcs AmethodofnothavingtoflytotheVORTACandthenproceedoutboundtoaprocedureturn EasiestwithRMISeriesoftangenttracksarounddesiredDMEarcChangeneedlepositionrelativetocrosswindinfluence RMI DMEARC Whereshouldthebearingpointerbelocatedrelativetothewingtipreferencetomaintainthe16DMErangeinaright handarcwitharightcrosswindcomponent fig 107 Howaboutaleft handarcwithalef