国际贸易 Ch.15 Payment.ppt

CHAPTER15INTERNATIONALPAYMENTInstrumentsofInternationalPaymentRemittanceandCollectionLetterofCreditBanker sLetterofGuarantee 1InstrumentsofInternationalPayment Billsofexchange draft 汇票DefinitionofbillofexchangeAbillofexchangeisawritten datedandsignedinstrumentthatcontainsanunconditionalorderfromthedrawer 出票人 thatdirectsthedrawee 受票人 topayadefinitesumofmoneytoapayee 收款人 ondemand 立即 orataspecifiedfuturedate 汇票是出票人签发的 委托受票人 付款人 在见票时或者在指定日期应无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据 Simplyput abillofexchangeisawrittenorderbythedrawertothedraweetopaymoneytothepayee 由出票人签发给受票人的应无条件支付给收款人的书面票据 Theorderisvalidonlyifthedraweehasanunderlyingobligationtopaymoneytothedrawer DrawerDepositorLenderSeller Drawee Payer Bankwhoholdsmoneyonaccountofthedrawer BorrowerBuyerwhoowesthesalespricetothedrawer Payee 2 Contentsofbillsofexchange汇票的内容Abillofexchangemustfulfillthefollowingrequirements Indicatingtheword draft or exchange 应注明汇票字样Anunconditionedorderinwriting 无条件支付命令Certainamount 一定金额Payer s drawee s name usuallythebuyeroritsnominatedbank 付款人或受票人的名称 通常是买方或指定银行Payee sname usuallytheselleroritsnominatedbank 收款人名称 卖方或指定银行Dateandplaceofissue 出票日期或地点Signatureofthedrawer usuallytheseller 出票人签字 SPECIMENA 160 000London11thAugust2004ATSIGHTOFTHISSOLEEXCHANGEPAYTOOURORDERTHESUMOFSTERLINGPOUNDSONEHUNDREDANDSIXTYTHOUSANDONLYFORVALUERECEIVEDDrawnunderirrevocableletterofcreditofBarclaysBankofCanadaToronto NumberTODC603921dated30June2004 To BarclaysBankPLCForandonbehalfofManchasterISBNATHAN COLESLTD51MosleyStreet ManchesterDirector SPECIMENB 160 000London11thAugust2004AT90DAYSAFTERDATEOFTHISFIRSTEXCHANGE SECONDOFTHESAMETENORANDDATEBEINGUNPAID PAYTOOURORDERTHESUMOFSTERLINGPOUNDSONEHUNDREDANDSIXTYTHOUSANDONLYFORVALUERECEIVEDDrawnunderirrevocableletterofcreditofBarclaysBankofCanadaToronto NumberTODC603921dated30June2004 To BarclaysBankPLCForandonbehalfofManchasterISBNATHAN COLESLTD51MosleyStreet ManchesterDirector 3 Usageofbillsofexchange汇票的使用 Presentforacceptance Draw Issue Presentforpayment Accept dishonor Pay UsanceDraft DemandDraft Issuance出票Thedrawer sactionofdrawingandgivingoutofadraft Uponissuance thedrawerhasacontingentliability 或有负债 onthebilluntilitmaturesas intheeventofdefaultbytheacceptor thedrawerisobligedtopayoutthefacevalueofthebillonitsduedatetotheholder 1 出票人写成汇票并盖章 2 将汇票交付给收款人 出票人签发汇票后 即承担保证该汇票承兑和付款的责任 Presentment提示 ademandtopayoracceptthedraftmadetothedrawee 持票人向付款人出示汇票要求付款或承兑的行为 1 提示付款 见票即付 2 提示承兑 见票后定期付款 Acceptance承兑Anagreementgenerallyonthepartofthedraweetopaythebill 付款人同意到期付款的行为 Simplywritingdowntheword accepted markingthedateandsigningitsnameacrossthefaceofthebill Uponacceptancethedrawer nowtheacceptor becomestheprincipaldebtorandthepartyprimarilyliableforthepaymentofthebill 汇票在付款人承兑前 主债务人是出票人 在付款人承兑后 主债务人是付款人 Thedraweeisundernolegalobligationtoacceptthebill evenifheisindebtedtothedrawertotheamountofthebill orhasfundsofthedrawerinitspossessiontothatamount unlesshehasagreedtoacceptit Payment付款 Ontheexpirydateofdraft thepayermakessufficientpaymenttothelegalbearer thelatterthenwritesoffthedraftandreturnittothepayerasareceipt 作为收据 Endorsement背书 Theactofapayee orholderofadraftinsigningthebackofthedrafttotransferrightsinthedrafttoanother 转让票据权利的行为 即持票人在汇票背面签章并交付给受让人 背书后 原持票人称为背书人 称为前手 受让人称为被背书人 称为后手 Thepayeeappearsasthefirstendorseronthereverseofthebillandthisendorsementstartsthechainofownershipofthebill Infinancialmarket thetypicalendorsementisdiscount 贴现 ofdraft i e thebearertransfersatimeandaccepteddrafttoabankoradiscountingcompany who astransferee willdeducttheinterestasperdiscountrateandpaytheremainingsumtothebearer 贴现是指远期汇票承兑后 尚未到期 由银行或贴现公司从票面金额中扣除按一定贴现率计算的贴现息后 将余款付给持票人的行为 在国际市场上 一张远期汇票的持票人如想在付款人付款前取得票款 可以通过背书转让汇票 即可将汇票贴现 Dishonorandrecourse拒付和追索Dishonor thepayerrefusesorfailstopayoracceptthebillwhentheholdermakespresentmenttohim Whendishonored theholdershallpursuetherightofrecoursebygivingnoticeofdishonourtothedrawerandeachendorser Protest拒绝证书Anofficialcertificateevidencingtheactofdishonourandstatingthereasonfortheprotest demandsmadeonthedrawee ortheacceptor andtheresponsereceived 4 Typesofdraft汇票的分类 Drawer Timeofpayment Sightdraft demanddraft payableon即期汇票presentationtothedrawee Timedraft usancedraft allowsadelayin远期汇票payment Acceptor Shippingdocumentsattached Tradeacceptancedraft drawnonafirmBanker sacceptancedraft drawnonabank Tradedraft drawnbyatrader Banker sdraft drawnbyabank Cleandraft notattachedDocumentarydraft attached 2 Promissorynote本票Awrittenpromisetopayadeterminatesumofmoney 出票人对受票人承诺将无条件支付一定金额的书面票据 Themajordifference themakerofanotepromisestopersonallypaythepayee ratherthanorderingathirdpartytodoso 3 Cheque支票支票是以银行为付款人的即期汇票 Abillofexchangedrawnonabankpayableondemand 它是存款人对银行无条件支付一定金额的委托或命令 Ifthedrawerhasnotenoughdepositinthebankforthechequeamount thechequewillbedishonoured andthiskindofchequeiscalled bouncedcheque 空头支票 whichisnotallowed 2RemittanceandCollection汇付和托收 1 Remittance汇付Heremeansthetransferoffundsfromonepartytoanotheramongdifferentcountries 汇付是指付款人主动通过银行或其他途径将款项汇交收款人 PartiesrelatedtoaremittanceRemitter汇款人 requestsitsbanktoremit usuallythebuyer Payeeorbeneficiary theaddresseeoftheremittance usually收款人theseller Remittingbank thebanktransferringthefundsattherequest汇出行oftheremitter Payingbank thebankentrustedbytheremittingbanktomake汇入行paymenttothebeneficiary 2 Waysofremittance汇付方式种类 Remittancebyairmail M T 信汇 Totransferfundsbymeansofapaymentorder amailadviceoradebitorder Remittancebycable telex SWIFT T T 电汇 InstructionsfromtheremittingbanktothepayingbankaretransmittedbywireorthroughtheSWIFTsystem Remittancebybanker sdemanddraft D D 票汇 Abanker sdraftdrawnbyabankonitsoverseasbankisusedasaninstrumentforeffectingtransferofmoney 先是汇出行应汇款人的申请 开立以汇入行为付款人的汇票 交给汇款人自行递交给收款人 收款人凭票向付款行取款 Thedraftmustbephysicallytransferredtothepayee andthepayeemustthenpresentthedraftforpayment SWIFT theSocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunicationAbankgroupestablishedinBrusselsinMay1973andhasset upglobalstandardsforsendingandreceivingauthenticatedinstructionsforwiretransfersandlettersofcredit SWIFTalsomeansahighlysophisticatedmessageswitchingorcommunicationsystem TheSWIFTsystemoperates24hoursperday sevendaysaweek deliveringaveryhighlevelofonlineperformancetoitsmembers debitadvice Remitter Beneficiary RemittingBank PayingBank application paymentorder mailadvice debitadvice bymailortelegraphically reimbursementclaim payment Figure15 1M TorT Tflowdiagram payment banker sD D Remitter Beneficiary RemittingBank PayingBank banker sD D application D Dadvice debitadvice banker sD D Figure15 2D Dflowdiagram payment 3 Applicationofremittance汇付的使用汇付属商业信用性质 提供信用的一方需要承担很大的风险 Openaccountsales赊账交易Thebuyeristrustedtopaythesellerafterreceiptofgoods Thesellerandthebuyerarerelatedentitiesorwherethereisahistoryoftransactionsbetweentheparties Paymentinadvancesales预付货款交易Thesellerwillnotshipthegoodsuntilthebuyerhasremittedpaymenttohim Allshippingdocuments includingtitledocumentsarehandleddirectlybetweenthetradingpartners Theroleofbanksistoeffectacleanpaymenttothesellerasrequired 2 Collection托收Apaymentarrangementwherebyabankactsonbehalfofasellerforcollectingandremittingpaymentforashipment 出口方开立汇票或连同货运单据委托银行向进口方收款的一种贷款收付方式 是国际贸易结算中最常用的一种方式 Thesellerpresentstheshippingandcollectiondocumentstohisbank inhisowncountry whichsendsthemtoitscorrespondentbankinthebuyer scountry Theforeignbankhandsovershippingdocumentstothebuyerinexchangeforpaymentorafirmcommitmenttopayonafixeddate 2 Partiestoacollection托收方式的当事人 Drawerorprincipal委托人 Thepartywhoentruststhecollectionitemstohisbank usuallytheseller Draweeorpayer付款人 Thepartytowhomthecollectionitemsaretobepresentedforacceptanceorpayment usuallythebuyer Remittingbank托收行 Thebanktowhichthedrawerentruststhecollectionitems Collectingbank代收行 Thebankentrustedbytheremittingbanktopresentthecollectionitemstothedrawee Caseofneed需要时的代理 Arepresentativeappointedbytheprincipalascaseofneedintheeventofnon acceptanceand ornon payment 4 Typesofcollection Cleancollection光票托收 DocumentaryCollection跟单托收 Documentsagainstpayment D P Documentsarereleasedtothebuyerwhenpaymenthasbeenmade 银行根据指示只有在付款人付清货款时 才能交出货运单据 D Patsight demanddraft即期付款交单D Paftersight timedraft远期付款交单 Collectiononfinancialinstruments Nocommercialdocuments Goodsshippedonconsignment Purelyfinancialtransaction Documentsagainstacceptance D A Documentsarereleasedtothebuyerwhenacceptancehasbeenmade 承兑交单 4 ProcedureforpaymentbyD Patsight payment Drawee Buyer Principal Seller Drawer CollectingBank RemittingBank goods documents documents drafts collectionorder payment payment documents drafts collectionorder 5 Riskmanagementunderpaymentbycollection fortheseller 托收方式与汇付方式一样 属于商业信用性质 Non acceptancerisk Thebuyermaybasetherefusalonsomesmall inadvertent 非故意的 infraction 违约 ofthesalescontract Therealreason asignificantdropinthemarketprice Thesellerisstuckwithgoodsinaforeignport probablyincurringaheavystoragechargeandamarketatagreatlyreducedprice Non paymentoftradeacceptancedraftrisk Thesellerisdependentuponthebuyer sintegritytopaythedraftatmaturity D AismoreriskythanD Paftersight Measurestomanagetherisksinvolved Makesurethatthebuyerisofgoodcreditandfinancialstanding Buyerswhohaveunsatisfactorycreditworthinessmayrejectthegoodsonsomepretext 借口 afteritsarrival inthehopeofdrivingthesellerintoapricereduction Takeintoaccounttheeconomicandpoliticalconditionsintheimportingcountry Forinstance ifthemarketpriceoftheimportedgoodsfalls thebuyermayalsofindapretexttorefusetomakepayment Theamountoftransactionshouldbemoderate 6 FinancingunderdocumentarycollectionTotheseller Thebankmaypurchasethedocumentarybilliftheexportgoodsenjoygreatpopularityinthemarketabroadandboththesellerandthebuyerarethoughtreliable Thenetamount facevalue bankfees interestincurred Tothebuyer UnderD Paftersight ifthecollectingbankhasagreatdegreeoftrustinthebuyer thebankmaybewillingtoreleasethenegotiablebillofladingtothebuyeragainstatrustreceipt Atrustreceipt Awrittendeclarationbythebuyertothecollectingbankthatownershipingoodsreleasedbythebankisretainedbythebank andthatthebuyerhasreceivedthegoodsintrust 被托管 onlyandwillactasthetrusteeofthebanktoarrangethedischarge customsclearance transportationandinsuranceofthegoods 3LetterofCredit信用证 DefinitionofletterofcreditUCP600 Aletterofcreditis adefiniteundertaking 保证 oftheissuingbanktohonour 承付 acomplyingpresentation 相符交单 UCP600 规定 指一项不可撤销的安排 无论其名称或描述如何 该项安排构成开证行对相符交单予以承付的确定承诺 Insimpleterms aletterofcreditisaconditionalundertakingofpaymentsbyabank 信用证是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件 2 Partiestoaletterofcredit信用证的各方Applicantoropener申请人Thepartywhofillsoutandsignsanapplicationform requestingthebanktoissuealetterofcreditinfavorofasellerabroad Ensurethatthecreditisissuedincompliancewiththetermsandconditionslaiddowninthesalescontractwithinaproperorreasonabletime 必须与合同条款一致 Afterthepaymentiseffectedbytheissuingbank theopenermustpaythebankagainstcorrectshippingdocumentsorrefusetopayifthedocumentsarenotinorder 注 effectpayment履行付款 2 Beneficiary受益人Thepartyinwhosefavorthecreditisissued Ifthereisadiscrepancy不相符betweenthecreditandthesalescontract hemayacceptitorasktheopenertohaveitamended Oncethebeneficiaryacceptsthecredit hemustdeliverthegoodsincompliancewiththecontract Thenhetenderstohisbankoranyotherbankalltherelevantdocumentsasstipulatedinthecredit Iftheissuingbankdoesnotpay hecanclaimfromtheopenerforthepayment 3 IssuingbankoropeningbankThebankwhichissuesaletterofcreditattherequestofanapplicant Itisirrevocablyboundtohonourasofthetimeitissuesthecredit Iftheapplicantfailstopayaftertheissuingbankmakespayment thelatterhastherighttosellthegoodsandclaimfromtheapplicantiftheproceedsarenotsufficient Itisprimarilyliabletothebeneficiary nomatterwhethertheapplicantisindefaultornot 4 Advisingbank通知行受开证行的委托 将信用证转交给出口人的银行 出口地银行通常是开证行的代理行 Thebankwhichadvisesthecredittothebeneficiaryinaccordancewithstipulationsonthecredit Itislocatedintheplaceofthebeneficiaryandisusuallytheissuingbank sbranchorcorrespondentactingasanagentoftheopeningbankinaccordancewiththeinstructionsgiven 5 Negotiatingbank议付行指根据开证行的指定 买入受益人所提交的汇票和单据的银行 Thenominatedbankwhopurchasesdrafts drawnonabankotherthanthenominated and ordocumentsbyadvancingoragreeingtoadvancefundstothebeneficiary Itbecomestheholderinduecourseofthedraftafteritsnegotiationandhasarightofrecourseagainstthedrawer beneficiary intheeventofdishonourbytheissuingbank 议付 又称押汇 买单 是指议付行在审单无误的情况下 按信用证的条款贴现受益人的汇票 买入信用证项下的货运单据 从票面金额中扣除从议付日到估计收到票款之日的利息 将余款先行支付给受益人 议付实际上是银行向受益人先行垫付资金 银行在议付之后就成为了汇票的正当持票人 具有追索权 6 Payingbank付款行Abanknominatedbytheissuingbanktomakepaymentunderthecredit Alwaysthedraweeofadraftstipulatedinthecredit Itmaybetheissuingbankitself 7 Reimbursingbank偿付行Theagentoftheissuingbank Ithonoursthereimbursementclaimsofapayingbankoranacceptingbankoranegotiatingbankinaccordancewiththeinstructionsorauthorizationgivenbytheissuingbank 是开证行或付款行的代理 其不负责审单 只负责付款 它的出现 是由于开证行的资金调度问题 信用证支付程序 开征申请人 进口人 受益人 出口人 付款行 开证行 通知行 议付行 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 签订买卖合同 规定以L C为付款方式 2 买方向开证行申请开征 3 开证行向通知行递交信用证 4 通知行审验信用证的真伪后向卖方转递 5 卖方装船后向议付行交单议付 6 议付行向开证行交单索偿 7 开证行向议付行偿付 8 开证行向买方提示 买方付款赎单 3 Procedureforletterofcreditoperations Issuance Amendment Utilization BUYER Applicant Buyer ISSUINGBANK Buyer sBank ADVISINGBANK Seller sBank SELLER Beneficiary Seller ISSUANCE ApplyforCredit OpenCredit CreditAdvice Contract 3 Procedureforletterofcreditoperations Issuance Amendment Utilization BUYER Applicant Buyer ISSUINGBANK Buyer sBank ADVISINGBANK Seller sBank SELLER Beneficiary Seller AMENDMENT Requestamendment AmendmentAdvice AmendmentAdvice Requestamendment 3 Procedureforletterofcreditoperations Issuance Amendment Utilization BUYER Applicant Buyer ISSUINGBANK Buyer sBank ADVISINGBANK Seller sBank SELLER Beneficiary Seller Utilization Payment Payment CreditAdvice Goods Documents Documents Documents 4 Contentsofaletterofcredit信用证的内容Nameandaddressoftheissuingbank Typeofthecredit Nameandaddressofthebeneficiary Amountofthecreditanditscurrency Expirydateofthecreditanditsplacetobeexpired Nameandaddressoftheapplicant L Cnumberanddateofissue Draweranddraweeaswellastenorofthedraft Fulldetailsofthegoods 10 Fulldetailsofthedocumentstobepresented 11 Partialshipmentpermitted notpermitted 12 Transshipmentallowed notallowed 13 Portofshipmentandportofdischarge 14 Latestdateforshipment andthelatestdateforpresentationofdocuments 15 Instructionstotheadvisingbank negotiatingbankorpayingbank 16 Otherspecialtermsandconditions 17 Theundertakingclauseoftheissuingbank 18 Theindication ThiscreditissubjecttotheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit 2007revision InternationalChamberofCommercePublicationNo 600 5 Featuresofletterofcreditbusiness Banker scredit Banksareinnowayconcernedwithorboundbysalescontract Theissuingbankfollowsanapplicationhandedinbythebuyer Self sufficientDocument自足文件 Banksdealwithdocuments银行只与单据打交道 Theissuingbankundertakestoeffectpaymentandassumesaprimaryliability Notwithgoods servicesand orotherperformancestowhichthedocumentsmayrelate 6 TheUCP600TheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits ICCpublicationNo 600 ItcameintoforceonJuly1 2007 39articles Firstpublishedin1933 andrevisedbytheICCin1951 1962 1974 1983and1993 MostlettersofcreditininternationaltransactionsaresubjecttotheUCP ButtheUCPdoesnotautomaticallyapplytoacredit MostpartieschoosetousetheUCP Exceptiontotherulescanbemadebyexpressmodificationorexclusion 7 Classificationofcredits 1 Accordingtotheattachingofdocuments Cleancredit Documentarycredit Paymentwillbeeffectedonlyagainstadraftwithoutanyshippingdocumentsattachedorsometimes againstadraftwithaninvoicealoneattachedthereto Paymentwillbemadeagainstdocumentsrepresentingtitletothegoods Universallyusedininternationaltrade 2 Accordingtothenatureofthecredit Revocablecredit Irrevocablecredit Canbeamendedorcancelledbytheissuingbankatanymomentandwithoutnotification Littlesecurityfortheseller Canbeamendedorcancelledbytheissuingbankatanymomentandwithoutnotification Greaterassuranceofpayment Acreditisirrevocableevenifthereisnoindicationtothateffect UCP600Art 3 3 Accordingtotheaddingofconfirmation Confirmedcredit Unconfirmedcredit Acreditwhichisadvisedtothebeneficiarywithanotherbank sconfirmationaddedthereto Adefiniteundertakingoftheconfirmingbank inadditiontothatoftheissuingbank tohonourornegotiateacomplyingpresentation Thiscreditisconfirmedbyus 4 Accordingtothetimeofpayment Sightcredit Timecredit Usuancecredit Callingforthepresentationofsightdrafts T Treimbursementclause Afterverifyingthedocuments thenegotiatingbankwillnotifytheopeningbankofitsconfirmationofreceiptofcompliantdocumentsandclaimreimbursement Specifyingthatdraftsaretobedrawnatanylengthoftime Mayrequirenodraftsatall 5 Accordingtothewaysofavailability Sightpaymentcredit Deferredpaymentcredit AvailablewithXXbankbypaymentatsight Thebankisauthorizedtopayatsightuponreceivingacomplyingpresentation Draftisoptional AvailablewithXXbankbydeferredpayment Thebankisauthorizedtoincuradeferredundertakingandpayatmaturityuponreceivingacomplyingpresentation Nodraftisrequired 5 Accordingtothewaysofavailability Acceptancecredit Negotiationcredit AvailablebyacceptanceofdraftdrawnonXXbank Thebeneficiarymaydiscounttheaccepteddrafttogetpaidimmediately Buyer susuancecredit fakeusuancecredit Negotiablebyanominatedbankorfreelynegotiablebyanybank Maybesightcreditortimecredit Negotiatingbankwillbedulyhonouredbytheopeningbank Buyer susancecreditThecreditstates Theusancedraftispayableonasightbasis discountchargesandacceptancecommissionareforbuyer saccount Purposeofthiscredit Facilitatingfinancing ortakingadvantageofthebanker saccepteddrafttoobtainfinancingatafavorablediscountratewhichisnormallylowerthanthecommercialcredit 6 Othercredits Revolvingcredit Revolvingcredit Renewsitselfafteritsamountisdrawn Tofacilitatecontinuousrepeatedpurchasesfromthesamesupplier Whenthedrawingismadebythebeneficiary theoriginalcreditamountbecomesagainavailableforthenextperiod AutomaticrevolvingSemi automaticrevolving renewifthenegotiatingbankisnotadvisedofstoppingrenewalNon automaticrevolving onlyuponreceiptofissuingbank snoticeofrenewal 6 Othercredits Transferablecredit Transferablecredit Specificallystatesitis transferable The1stbeneficiarycantransferallorpartoftheproceedsofthecre