4级翻译(20篇).doc

Test 1自从 1978 年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally planned economy) 向市场经济 (market based economy) 的转变。超过 6 亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过 1.7 亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下 天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中国的人均 GDP 为 12405.67 美元，这是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中国的人均 GDP 将从世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的 世界平均水平。【译文】Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012, Chinas GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，Chinas GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.Test 2三国演义（Romance of the Three Kingdoms) 由罗贯中创作于 14 世纪，是一部中国历 史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡时期发生 的一系列重大事件。整个故事情节从公元 168 年开始一直到公元 280 年领土统一时结束。小 说篇幅长达 80 万字，分为 120 个章节，共描述了 1， 191 个人物角色，堪称中国古代文学史上的 四大经典小说之一。【译文】Romance of the Three Kingdoms，written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese histori cal novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Hart Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era， starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of ancient Chinese literature，with a grand total of 800，000 words，1，191 characters and 120 chaptersTest 3文学是中国文化中最有活力、最灿烂辉煌的一部分。在历史发展的长河里，中国古代文学蕴涵（embody)了中华文化的基本精神，体现了中国人的美学（esthetics) 追求，承载了中华民族的理想信念，表现出自己独特的个性和风采。从远古（primeval times) 神话 (mythology) 到唐诗宋词、明清小说各种文学形式，髙潮迭起，连绵数千年，涌现出许多古今闻名的文学家（litterateur) 和不朽的文学作品。【译文】Literature is the most dynamic and splendid part of Chinese cultureThroughout the long history,Chinese ancient literature has embodied the underlying spirits of Chinese culture，reflected the Chinese peoples pursuit for esthetics and faith for ideal society,and moreover，demonstrated the distinctive Chinese characterFor centuries， a succession of diversified literary forms，for instance，mythologies in primeval times，poems and ci in the Tang and Song dynasties，novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties，etc，has come into beingMany great literaturs are still remembered today and their masterpieces have gained perpetual fameTest 4明十三陵位于北京市西北郊昌平区境内。陵区是一个小盆地，北、东、西三面有许多山，龙、虎两山分别在左右，符合中国古代帝王选择陵墓的风水思想。从 1409 年开始，先后修建了十三座陵寝，所以叫做十三陵。定陵 (Ding Ling) 是万历皇帝朱翊钧和他的两位皇后的陵墓。定陵地宫是目前十三陵中唯一被挖掘的地下宫殿，未命名-1.indd1 2014/8/1920:30:56共出土各类文物 3,000 多件。【译文】The tombs of 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty are scattered in the Changping County in the northwest outskirt of Beijing. They are in a small basin surrounded by hills on the north, east and west sides. The Dragon Hill and the TigerHill guard the tombs on the left and right sides, which conform to fengshui that would always influence ancient emperors in choosing their tombs. From 1409 on, 13 tombs were built here, hence the name. Ding Ling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Yijun and his two empresses, whose reign title is Wanli. Ding Ling is the only one of the thirteen Ming Tombs excavated so far and totally there are more than 3,000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed from the underground palace.Test 5中国是风筝的故乡。放风筝有益于身体健康，所以，许多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝作为装饰挂在墙上。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到日本以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国人民的欢迎。近年来，山东潍坊每年都要举行国际风筝节。【译文】China is the birthplace of kites.Because flying kites is beneficial to ones health, it is gaining popularity in many countries.The Chinese regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit. Some people also hang kites on the wall for decoration.Chinese kites, which are popular among people all over the world, are now available for sale in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America.In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang of Shandong province.Test 6有人说，阅读决定着一个民族思维的深度和广度，对文化传承、国家发展有着重要的意义。已有专家指出，如果仅仅满足于“浅阅读”，对于国家和人民将是灾难性的。这就是为什么在高科技浪潮中，很多网络发达的国家反而更强调传统式阅读。近年来，很多国家都把提倡阅读、提升阅读能力列为教育改革的重点，通过实施这些措施努力唤起“深阅读”。【译文】It is stated that reading determines how deeply and widely a nation can think and it has significant implications for cultural inheritance and national development.It has been pointed out by some experts that it would be catastrophic for a country and its citizens if people in this country age merely satisfied with“shallow reading”.That is why many countries with well-developed networks have attached greater importance to traditional reading in the high-tech trends. Recent years.10ts of countries have made advocating reading and improving reading skills the focus of education reform,in an effort to arouse“deep reading”.Test 7道教 (Taoism) 是中国本土宗教，人们常常把它于道德经(Tao Te Ching) 联系起来，据称该著作是在约公元前三、四世纪由老子(Lao Tzu) 所著述的哲学、政治作品。道德经的核心内容是“道”，即“方法”或 “道路”恰当的做事方法和领导方法。道教在整个中国历史上还以许多方式涉入到政治中来。道教强调了人、自然和神三者之间的和谐关系。【. 译文】Taoism is an indigenous Chinese religion often associated with Too Te Ching,a philosophical and political book未命名-1.indd2 2014/8/1920:30:56purportedly written by Lao Tzu around 3rd or 4th centuries B.C.Too Te Ching focuses on Tao as a “way”or “path” the appropriate way to behave and to lead others.Taoism also engaged with Chinese politics in a variety of ways throughout Chinese history.In Taoism,a harmonious relationship between humanity,nature and the divine is emphasized.Test 8微博 (Micro-blog) 的出现让人类的生活变得更加便捷和丰富多彩。人们可以通过微博和大家交流，即时记录自己的心情，获取自己感兴趣的信息等。但微博是一把双刃剑，在给我们带来诸多好处的同时，也会带来一些我们意想不到的弊端。比如长期沉迷于微博会影响正常的生活。因此我们应该用正确的态度看待微博，并合理地使用它，让自己可以从中获益。【译文】The emergence of Micro-blog makes peoples life more convenient and colorful.Through Micro-blog，people can communicate with others,make immediate record of their moods as well as have access to information of their interest.However,Micro-blog is a double-edged sword.Besides the benefits it brings to US,it also has some unexpected disadvantages.For example,engrossing yourself in Micro-blog will affect your normal life. Therefore we should take a right attitude towards Micro-blog and use it rationally, so as to benefit from it.Test 9中国国旗 (Flag of China) 又被称为“五星红旗”。旗面为红色，象征革命。旗面左上方有五颗黄色五角星，黄色较白色明亮美丽，表示中华民族为黄色人种。五颗五角星中一颗相对较大，代表中国共产党（Communist Party of China) 的领导。另外四颗较小，代表中国社会中的四个阶级。四颗小五角星各有一尖正对着大星的中心点，象征共产党领导下的中国人民大团结。【译文】Flag of China is also referred to as the “five-star red flag”. The color is red representing revolution.There are five yellow five-pointed stars on the top left part of the flag. Compared with white, yellow is brighter and more beautiful, representing the Chinese nation as yellow race. One star is comparatively larger than the other four, and it symbolizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The four smaller stars represent people of four classes in Chinese society. One point of each small star faces the center of the larger star, which represents the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.Test 10筷子 (chopsticks) 是一种中国传统餐具 (eating utensil)，由两根同等长度的小细棒组成，用于夹起食物。筷子一般由竹、木、金属或塑料制成。它轻巧灵活，使用方便。早在三千多年前的商代 (the Shang Dynasty)，中国人就开始使用筷子了。筷子是反映中国饮食文化的重要组成部分，可谓是中国文化的代表。作为一种独特的餐具，筷子被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。【译文】Composed of a pair of sticks with equal length, chopsticks are traditional Chinese eating utensils used to pick up food. They are commonly made of bamboo, wood, metal or plastic. It is convenient to use chopsticks because they are light andflexible. Since as early as the Shang Dynasty over 3000 years, Chinese has been using chopsticks. Being an important reflection of Chinese food culture, they are regarded as a representative of Chinese culture. As a unique eating utensil, chopsticks are hailed as “eastern civilization” by westerners.未命名-1.indd3 2014/8/1920:30:56Test 11相声 (Xiangsheng) 是中国最重要的表演艺术之一。共有三种不同形式的相声，分别由一人、两人和多人表演。其中由两人表演的对口相声 (cross talk) 最为流行，传播最为广泛。“相声”一词最初是指模仿别人的言谈举止。现代相声包含四种基本技能：说、学、逗 (tease)、唱。由于相声的许多内容是笑话和有趣的故事，语言幽默而又讽刺 (Sarcastic)，因此深受人民群众的喜爱。【译文】Xiangsheng is one of Chinas most significant performing arts, including three different forms, performed respectively by one person, two persons and three or more persons. Of the three forms, cross talk, performed by two persons, is the most popular and widespread. The term “Xiangsheng” originally referred to the act of imitating someones speech and behavior. Modem Xiangsheng is composed of four basic skills: speaking, imitating, teasing and singing. Due to its contents which are mainly jokes and interesting stories and its humorous and sarcastic language, Xiangsheng has become very popular among people.Test 12中秋节为每年的农历 (lunar calendar) 八月十五日，是中国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。这一天是家人团聚的日子，月亮是中秋节庆祝的主题。全家人聚在一起品尝美味的月饼，观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。中秋节也被认为是一个丰收的节日，因为秋季是收获的季节，各种水果、蔬菜和粮食作物都在此时成熟。许多动人的传说也与中秋节有关，如“嫦娥奔月”(Changes flight to the moon)。【译文】Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, Mid- Autumn Festival is an important traditional festival in China, next only to Spring Festival. It is a day of family reunion. The moon is the theme of celebrations. Family members get together to taste delicious moon cakes and enjoy the full moona symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Mid-Autumn Festival is also considered as a harvest festival, because autumn is a season of harvest when various fruits, vegetables and crops are ripe. Many touching legends are also associated with Mid-Autumn Festival, such as “Changes flight to the moon”.Test 13西部大开发 (western development campaign) 是中国政府的一项政策，于 2000 年开始运作。目的是提高西部地区的经济和社会发展水平。西部大开发的范围是中国西部的 12 个省和自治区 (autonomous region)。西部地区自然资源丰富，市场潜力大，战略位置重要。但由于自然、历史、社会等原因，西部地区经济发展相对东部落后。这一政策的实施可以使西部地区得到更快、更深、更广的发展，实现共同富裕 (commonprosperity)。【译文】Western development campaign is a policy made by Chinese government and operated from 2000. Its goal is to improve the economic and social development level of the western areas. There are twelve provinces and autonomous regions covered in this campaign. The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and important strategic location. But because of natural, historical and social factors, the economic development in those areas lags behind that of the eastern areas. The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development in the western areas, which will help realize common prosperity.未命名-1.indd4 2014/8/1920:30:56Test 14孔子学院 (Confucius Institute) 是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于 2004 年在韩国首尔 (Seoul) 成立，目前已遍布 106 个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合 (integration)。【译文】Confucius institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world. The first ConfuciusInstitute opened in2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At present, it has been established in 106 countries. Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.Test 15乒乓球 (table tennis) 是中国的国球，是一种世界流行的体育项目。20 世纪 60 年代以来，中国选手赢得了世界乒乓球比赛的大部分冠军，因此中国在该项运动中占有统治性的地位。乒乓球的起源有许多不同的说法，最流行、最被广泛认可的一种说法就是乒乓球在 1900 年起源于英国。在英语中，它也被称为“Ping Pong”，因为在打击时会发出“Ping Pong”的声音。在 1988 年的奥运会上，它被列为正式的比赛项目。【译文】Table tennis, the national ball game of China, is a sport event popular around the world. Since the 1960s, Chinese players have won a great majority of champions in the world table tennis competitions. T