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2018中考英语考点总复习专题一 名 词名词是中考考查的重点。考查内容主要为:1. 名词单、复数的变化规律及其用法; 2. 不可数名词量的表达法;3. 名词所有格的变化及其用法; 4. 名词作主语的一致问题;5. 常用专有名词的表示法; 6. 具体语境中名词的词义和一些常用易混淆名词的区别。 . 可数名词和不可数名词 . 名词的数1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化:2. 可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化 .名词的所有格:1. 有生命的名词所有格 2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格(of所有格) 4、 名词作句子成分:专题二 冠 词中考对冠词的考查主要为:不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法,零冠词的用法,习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。.冠词的定义 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前,用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两类。 .冠词的用法1不定冠词a, an的用法2定冠词the的用法3零冠词的用法专题三:代词中考对代词的考查主要为:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,疑问代词,不定代词,一 人称代词:二.物主代词:物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词三. 反身代词:“某某自己;亲自”反身代词的常用搭配: 四.指示代词五、疑问代词:用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词六.不定代词的区别.1.one与it 的区别: 2. some与any 的区别3. many与much的区别 4. a few /few /a little /little 的区别例题:His story is easy to read,there are _ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _ time left .6. no one 与none 的区别 7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别A) both and 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only but also 反义词组: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= _ you _ she like watching TV .B) either or , neithernor Neither you nor he _ (be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也” He doesnt like the book,either.4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. ; What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.How many students are there in the classroom ? _.Who can answer the question ? _. A. None B.No one C.Nothing8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别9.复合不定代词.someany noeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody 专题四 数词数词是中考必考的一个语法点,基数词,序数词,分数一、 数词的分类 数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。1. 基数词 2. 序数词:表示顺序的词称为序数词。二、时刻表示法三、年月表示法2. 年代用定冠词+基数词+十位整数的所有格或复数形式构成in the 1930s/in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代;在十九世纪六十年代 3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,latein the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期4. 年月日表示法A年份用基数词表示,一般为阿拉伯数字:B. 月份,在哪个月,用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词:C日期 四、分数表示法.五 、小数表示法六、百分数表示法 : 专题五 形容词与副词一. 形容词:形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。二.副词 中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。 1. 副词的分类 副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly 程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home 时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never 否定副词:no,not,neither,nor疑问副词:where,how,why 其他:also,too,only2. 副词的基本用法: 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:We should listen to our teachers carefully. (修饰动词) He is very happy today. (表时间) “What happened?”I asked, rather angrily. (修饰adv./In spring,I can see flowers everywhere. (表地点) 4. 常见副词用法辨析三形容词,副词的比较级、最高级 1. 规则变化2. 不规则变化(1)四. 形容词,副词等级的用法 1. 原级的用法 (1)有very,quite,so,too, enough等修饰的词,用原级 如:He is too tired to walk on. (2) 肯定句中A+ as+(adj./adv.的原级)+as +B A和B一样 否定句中 A+not as(so) +(adj./adv.的原级)+as+B A 和B不一样 eg:Tom is as old as Kate./ Tom is twice as old as Kate. This room is not as/so (big) as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。2. 比较级的用法 (1) A.+比较级+ than+ B A比B(用比较级) Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。 (2) 可以修饰比较级的词:much, a lot, far; a little,a bit; even; still,表程度It is much colder today than yesterday. (3)选择疑问句中,二选一时 Which is bigger,the earth or the moon? (4)用比较级表示最高级的意思 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国长江比其它任何一条河都长。(5)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越” 如:He is getting taller and taller./ The flowers are more and more beautiful. (6)“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,就越” 如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make. (7)在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai. (8)表示倍数的比较:A.+倍数+than+B A是B的几倍。如:This room is three times bigger than that one.3. 最高级的用法(用于三者及三者以上人或事物相比较)(1)形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。(2)有范围(in, of, among或从句等)修饰的常用最高级。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. /Winter is the coldest season of the year.(3) one of the形容词最高级复数名词(in/of短语)”表“是最之一”。 如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China 北京是中国最大城市之一。(4)选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。 如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada? Which season do you like(the) best,spring,summer or autumn?(5)表示“第几个最”时,用“the序数词最高级名词单数”的结构。 如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(5)形容词最高级前有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格修饰时不能用定冠词。This is our best lesson today.注意:注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any + 单数名词. He is taller than _ boy in his class. He is taller than _boy in our class . A.any B.any other 专题六 介 词一.表示时间的介词(部分见资料) 1. in, on, at在(之时) 二.表示地理位置的介词1. in, on, to2. above, over, on 3. below, under 4. in front of / in the front of .表运动方向和位置的介词1. across / through / over / by 2. between, among 四.表示方式的介词 with / in / by 表示 “用” He cut the apple into halves _ a knife . He came in _ a big smile on his face .Can you say it _English ? / He wrote a letter _ blue ink . I study for a test _ working with a group . 五范围介词In between among besides except Including六介词词组辨析1. on the tree /in the tree 2in the wall /on the wall 3. .except / besides / except for.4. .with / without 专题七 连词1、连词的含义:连词是一种虚词,不承担句子的任何成分,是一种连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词。2、连词的分类:连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见有:and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as well as(也), both.and.(.和.), not only .but also.(不但而且), either or(或或),neither nor(既不也不)等。补充:(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, while等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。、从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的有:when(当时候), while(正当时候), after(在之后), before(在之前), since(自从), until(直到), although/though(虽然), if(假如), as(如一样;由于), as as(和一样), as far as(就而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一就), even if(即使), because(因为), unless (除非), than(比), whether (是否), in order that(为了), sothat(如此以致), so that(以便), now that(现在既然), by the time(到时候), every time(每当), as if(好像),no matter when(或whenever)(无论何时),no matter where(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。补充:(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。 (3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。 (7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。专题八 动词的种类易混动词1. used to do sth和be used to doing sth2. arrive, get和reach表示“到达”时的区别3. borrow, lend和keep5. dress, put on和wear: put on 5. bring, take, carry 和fetch6. die, dead, death, dying6. spend, cost ,take 和pay: 7. . wear, be in, put on, have on 和dress oneself8. look for 和find: 9. listen to和hear: 10. lose, forget和leave: 专题九 情态动词一、情态动词的类型和特征(一) 情态动词的类型1. 只作情态动词的有:must; can (could); may (might); 2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will (would); shall (should);4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have to; ought to二、情态动词的用法 (一) can, could的用法1. 表示能力,译为:能,会。如: Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?2. 表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He cant be in the room.他不可能在房间里。3. 表请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你现在可以走了。4. could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力.如: I could swim when I was seven years old. 5. 以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和cant。(二) may的用法 1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中.如: He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2. 表请求、许可,意为“可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗?may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustnt,不用may not,意为“不可以,不许,禁止”。如: May I go now? No, you mustnt. 不可以。/Yes, you may(can). 是,可以。3. (1) 表祝愿。 如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。 (2) can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。(三) must的用法:1. 表示“必须、应该”。2. 表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而cant 表示“不可能”。 Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。 It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。3. 在否定句中,mustnt表示禁止,意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用neednt,意为“不需要、不必”,相当于dont have to, 而不能用mustnt。 Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗? No, you neednt/You dont have to. 不,你不必/ Yes, you must.(四) 对need词性的判断: need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;need后加doing表被动;若need后加动词原形, 则need为情态动词,用need提问或否定,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。 如:You neednt come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。(五) had better的用法: had better+动词原形,表示最好做某事,否定式用had better not do sth.。Youd better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里/Youd better not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。(六) shall (should), will (would)的用法1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。 如:Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃饭好吗?2. Should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。3. will 用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿” 如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把这本书递给我吗?/ We will do anything for you. 4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗?专题十 非谓语动词非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成:(to)+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)谓 构成:V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法(主、宾、表、定)词 构成:V. -ing / V.-ed(规则变化) 分词 用法(表、补、定、状)易错点:1) stop doing/to dostop to do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。 2) forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事(已做) 3) remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing记得做过某事 (已做)4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做5)try doing/to do try to do努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验,试着做某事。6) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。7) be afraid of doing/to do be afraid to do不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为怕;be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的,意为“生怕,恐怕”。8) mean to doing/to do mean to do打算、想I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。 mean doing意味着To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.专题十一 常见八种时态:专题十二 被 动 语 态的构成及用法专题十三 主谓一致(语法,就近,意义一致三原则)一就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词(eitheror, neithernor,notbut, not onlybut also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. /There _(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man who_(be) talking to my father.4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。It is Marys brother who_(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.二意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时 ,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。I along with my sister_(be) going to Shanghai next month. 2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.3. “+ (of) +名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to America.80%/ Half of the apples _(be) red.6. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war./The number of the visitors_ (have) decreased this year. 7. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little girl /My family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 三整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。When to leave _(be) not been decided./Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。What he said and what he did _(be) always different last night .2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。The novelist and poet _going to Europe next year./The novelist and the poet_(be) going to Europe next year.3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough.4.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 _5. 5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、.夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China.四个体原则1. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Neither of us _(have) been abroad. Neither answer _(be) wrong .3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.4. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair, suit, piece )在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .5. 以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths, physics, news )谓语用单数。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.11. “the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。 The young _(like) listening to popular songs .7.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。 The Greens _(be)having lunch now.专题十四 感叹句一、what引导的感叹句:1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_ a clever boy he is !2.what + adj + 复数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_ heavy boxes they are !3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!_ bad weather !四、how引导的感叹句:1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语!_ hard they are working !2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!How tall a boy he is !3. How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语!_ heavily the rain is falling!4How+句子!五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换:1.What a beautiful girl she is != _ beautiful the girl is !六、几个常见的感叹句:1._ great fun it is ! 2._ important information ! 3._ good news !七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词:food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice , 专题十五 宾语从句专题十六:定语从句一、定语从句:1.定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句:1.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that,which均可.但下列情况,只用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。There is nothing _ I can do for you .2).先行词被the only,the very,the last,all,no,little等词修饰,只用that。This is the very book _ Im looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只用that . This is the first nextbook _ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain _ I have ever seen .=I have _ seen _ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons _ we had .2.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况,只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时,关系词只能用which 。This is the building in _ he lives .2).先行词本身是that时,关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _ tells the time .3).引导非限定性的定语从句(先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开),关系词用which。His book , _ was lost last week , has been found now.3.先行词是人时,一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下,只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .Those _ are singing are all my classmates .2).在there be 句型中,先行词指人时,只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl _ expects to see you .3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时,只能用who 。He _ plays with fire gets burned .三、定语从句 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语Is this the house _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ you lived in ?2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语I will never forget the days _ I met him .= I will never forget the days _ _ I met him.注:先行词是the last time 时,when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason 时,一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。We dont know the reason _ they didnt come .四、注意事项:1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。The story _ he told was very popular .A.who B.whom C.whose D. / 2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I loves singers who _(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls who _(study) hard .3.定语从句中whose 的确定:无论先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断:看定语从句的主语前有无限定词(my、your、Jims等),若没有,则用whose 。The girl _ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which D. that 专题十九 简单句和并列句 引言:句子的分类。根据语气可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。根据结构可分为:简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。主语: 定语:( )谓语: 状语: 宾语: 宾补: 表语: 并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见的连词有and, but, or, so等。一、常见的五种基本句型。1. ,主谓,谓语动词一般为不及物动词; The bus stopped. Tom has arrived S Vi .2.,主谓(系)表,谓语动词一般为连系动词;(表语可以是名词,形容词,动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等)。连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感到,摸起来);stay/keep(保持);seem(好像,似乎). turn/get/become/grow(变得); appear(呈现):appear red The skirt looks beautiful. she is a student. My dream is to be a teacher. S V P 3.O,主谓宾,谓语动词一般为及物动词,如果是不及物动词,后面要跟介词再接宾语; I like English. She likes watching TV. She wants to go shopping. S V O4.OC,主谓宾补,宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等. I find English easy. They keep their eyes closed. S V O OC She asked me to go shopping. S

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