B级词汇_C部分.doc

C1. calm： adj. 1）（天气、海洋等）静的，平静的；2） 镇静的, 沉着的 You should keep calm even in face of danger. v. (使)平静, 使安静；(使)镇定, 平息【考点】 calm down 冷静下来2. camera：n. 照相机3. campus：n. （大学）校园，学校场地 The new library was built in the centre of the campus. 【考点】：on campus 在校园里，校内 off campus 校外 【提示】：汉语中说在校园“里”，英文中要用介词 “on”, 而不用“in”.4. can：v. aux. 1) 能，会； 2）可以，能够； 3）可能 n. 罐头，铁罐【考点】：cant help doing (crying/ laughing) 禁不住 She couldnt help crying. cant help but do sth. 不得不做某事，只好做某事；（美，口）不能不，忍不住.；禁不住 I cannot help but be annoyed by her attitude. canned food 罐头食品5. Canadian: a. 加拿大（人）的； n. 加拿大人 （Canada：n. 加拿大）6. canal：n. 运河，沟渠7. cancel：vt. 取消, 撤销；删去 The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather. 【考点】：同义词 call off 取消 The match had to be called off because of bad weather. The picnic was called off because of rain. 8. cancer：n. 癌，癌症，肿瘤9. candidate： n. 候选人；投考者，投考生We judge that he is the best candidate for the post. He is one of the candidates for vice-president. 10. cap：n. 帽子；帽状物；盖，套，罩11. capable：a. 有能力的，有才能的 【速记】：分割记忆：cap（词根“头”）+able（能） 联想记忆：头脑能够灵活转动的 有能力的 【考点】：be capable of （sth./doing sth.） 有能力做某事，能够做某事 The engineer is capable of handling the problem. 【派生词】：capability: n. 能力；incapable: a. 无能力的； incapability: 无能 【辨析】：able与capable均可表示能做某事，但是able常用于 be able to 结构中；而 capable常用于 be capable of 结构中。 Only human beings are capable of speech. 12. capital：n. 1）资本，资金，资产；2）首都，首府；3）大写字母 a. 首要的，重要的【提示】：常见表达：capital letter 大写字母13. care：n. 1）注意；2）照料，烦恼，忧虑 vi. (about) 关心，介意 【考点】take care 小心，当心；注意 take care of = look after 照顾，爱护，照料 care for 喜爱，喜欢；照顾 care about 关心，在乎，担心 Take care not to make any mistakes. 当心不要出错。 My wife doesnt really care for coffee. Hes old enough to take care of himself. 14. career：n. 事业, 生涯，指终生从事的事业。（个人的事业，职业）【辨析】 job 暗示可获得报酬的工作。（具体的工作，活儿）work 覆盖范围最广，不可数名词。profession 强调受过高等教育才能担任的职务。（指要求具有某种专业知识的工作）cause 是大的，集体的，如教育事业，文化事业等。occupation 指某人经常做的或训练有素的工作 My grandfather was a career teacher; its the only job hed ever done. 【真题】 Mr. Brown had an unusual _; he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher. (2012年 26题 ) A. position B. occupation C. profession D. career15. careless：a. 粗心的，漫不经心的，疏忽的 【速记】构词记忆: care（n.仔细）+less（否定形容词后缀） 使用相同词缀的常见词还有：endless（a. 无止境的），harmless（a. 无害的） The careless waiter dropped the dish onto the ground. It was careless of you (You were careless) to lose my car keys. 【提示】care的另外一个常见形容词为 careful（a. 小心的，仔细的） be careful = be cautious = look out = take care 小心16. carpet：n. 地毯17. case：n. 1）箱子，盒子，容器； We ordered three cases of soda for the party. 2）情况，事实； 3）病例； 4）事例，案例 【考点】in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case 如果，万一in case of 假如，如果发生，万一；在的情况下 in no case 无论如何，决不 （in no case 用在句首时，部分倒装） In any case you must arrive there on time. Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. In no case should a government officer take bribes. 18. cash：n. 现金，钱，现款 【考点】 to pay in cash 用现金支付 I had no ready cash on me, can I pay you tomorrow? 【拓展】 cashier: n. 收款员，收银员，出纳员 【速记】词根记忆：cash（现金）+ier（表示人的后缀） 联想助记：收取现金（cash）的人（ier） 收款员19. cattle：n. 牛；牲口，家畜 【考点】cattle 是集合名词，其后动词要用复数形式。20. cause：n. 原因，理由；事业 vt. 引起，使发生 【考点】cause sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事 Police are investigating the causes of the explosion. The wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort. 21. ceiling：n. 天花板，顶蓬22. celebrate：v. 庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬They celebrated his success by opening a bottle of wine. celebrate the 60th anniversary of founding of the PRC 【派生词】 celebration： n. 庆祝23. cell：n. 细胞；小房间；电池24. cent： n. C 1. (美、加等国的货币单位,为dollar的1%)分 2. 一分值的硬币25. central: a. 1）中央的，中心的； 2）主要的 【派生词】 centre / center: n. 中心，中央，中心区，中枢； vt. 集中 【提示】 centre 是英国用语的写法， 美国英语中一般拼作 center Children like to be the centre of attention. 26. century：n. 世纪，百年27. ceremony： n. 典礼, 仪式；礼节 There is no need for ceremony between friends. 【考点】 wedding ceremony 婚礼28. certificate： n. 证书, 证明书，证件，执照 【速记】词根记忆：certi（词根“确切”）+fic（词根“做”）+ate（名词后缀） 用作“确证”之物证书； （同根词如：certain：a. 肯定的） 【提示】常见表达方式 birth certificate 出生证明 marriage certificate 结婚证 June is as proud as a peacock after winning her first swimming certificate. 29. chain：n.链（条）；镣铐；项圈；一连串，一系列；连锁店 vt. 用链条拴住【考点】a chain of 一连串 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain smoker 烟鬼 chain stores （ a chain store）连锁店30. chairman：n. 主席，议长，会长 31. challenge：n. 挑战 vt. 向.挑战 This career offers a real challenge to me. 这份职业对我极具挑战性。 【考点】challenge ab. / sth. 向挑战 He challenged anyone to beat him. 【派生词】challenging adj. 富有挑战性的32. champion：n. 冠军，胜利者，得胜者 （champ） He is the boxing champion of the world. 33. channel：n. 海峡，频道，路线 【速记】channel 是 canal（n. 运河）的同源词，字母h在古英语中不发音，因此在有些单词中常被省略 Whats your favourite channel? 34. chapter：n. 章，回，篇35. character：n. （人的）品质，性格；（事物的）特性，性质；人物，角色；字符，（汉）字 【速记】构词记忆：character（n. 个性）+istic（形容词后缀）有特性的 特有的 His character is very different from his wifes. Sympathy is the feeling characteristic of mankind. 【派生词】characteristic： n. 特性，性质； a. 特有的，表示特性的，典型的 【考点】 characteristic of 特有的，典型的 Quick decision is characteristic of him. 【真题】 The wide use of computers is a _ of the Information age. （2010年） A. urgent B. characteristic C. remarkable D. feature36. charge： v. 1）收费，索价； 2）掌管；3）控告，控诉；4）充电 n. 价钱；控告；电荷； (pl.) 费用 【考点】 free of chare 免费 in charge of 负责，掌管 （= take charge of） in the charge of 由负责，掌管 charge sb. with sth. 控告 （=accuse sb. of sth.）控告某人犯某罪 He was charged with stealing a jeep. Mr. Lee, instead of the manager, is in charge of this He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. The department was badly organized until she took charge of it .【真题】 The hotel _ $ 60 for a single room with bath. (2006年) A. pays B. costs C. prices D. charges37. chart：n. 图，图表，海图 Can you read the weather chart? 你能看懂气象图吗？38. chat：n. v. 聊天，闲谈 I had a long chat with her about her job on the Internet. 【考点】chatted， chatting39. cheat: vt. 欺骗；骗取；哄 vi. 行骗，作弊 n. 欺骗，骗子 I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 【考点】cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事 cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人某物，骗了某人某物 be caught cheating 在作弊时被抓获 He was caught cheating in the exam. He cheated me (out) of my money.40. check：vt. 检查，核对；制止 n. 检查，复核；支票，账单；格子织物，方格图案 【提示】作“支票”之意时，American English 中写为 checkBritish English中常写作 cheque【考点】check in （旅馆、飞机等）登记，报到，登记入住，办理登记手续 check out 付账后离开，结账离去 Passengers should check in for flight BA 125 to Berlin. The hotel insisted that guests (should) check out of their rooms before 11 oclock in the morning. 41. cheer：vt. 使振作；（使）快活，（使）高兴 v. 欢呼，喝彩 【考点】cheer up 使振奋，振作起来 He cheered up at the thought of seeing her again. The news cheered us up. 【派生词】cheerful：a. 愉快的，高兴的42. chemistry：n. 化学 【派生词】chemist：n. 化学家，药剂师 chemical：a. 化学的； n. 化学制品，化学药品 The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 43. chief： a. 主要的, 首要的；首席的 n. 首领，领袖 What are the chief exports of your country? 44. childhood： n. 童年45. chocolate： n.巧克力46. Christmas： n. 圣诞节 【速记】分割记忆：Christ（基督）+mas（弥撒）； 联想记忆：为耶稣基督（christ）做弥撒（mas）以纪念其诞生的节日被称作圣诞节（Christmas） 【拓展】Christian：n.基督教徒，信徒（Christ（基督）+ian（表示人的后缀信仰基督的人即为基督徒）47. church：n. 教堂，教会 The person has devoted his whole life to the church. 48. cigarette：n. 香烟，卷烟 【速记】分割记忆：cigar（雪茄）+ette（表示“小”的后缀）小雪茄 香烟 【提示】“雪茄”是 cigar一词的译音。49. circle：n. 圆，圆形物，圆周；圈子 v. 环绕，盘旋 A square has four sides but a circle has no sides. The students sit in a circle on the floor. The kite circled round and round. 50. claim：n.（根据权利提出）要求，主张；宣称；索赔 vt.（根据权利）要求；声称，主张，宣称；索取 They made a claim for higher pay. He claimed that he hadnt done it, but I didnt believe him You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 51. classic：a. 经典的，典型的 n. 经典（作品），杰作，名著This church is a classic example of medieval architecture. His daughter likes reading the classics of English literature. 【派生】classical：a. 古典的 构词记忆：classic（n. 经典）+al（后缀）古典的 classical music 古典音乐 I prefer classical music to pop music. 【辨析】classic强调“典型的”；classical强调“古典的” 【派生】classify：vt. 把分类 构词记忆： class（种类）+ify（动词后缀） 把分类 相同变化的词如：just（a. 正确的）justify（v. 证明是正当的） The books in the library are classified by / according to subject. 【派生】classification：n. 分类；分级 构词记忆：classification是动词classify的名词形式； 相同变化的词如：identify identification（n. 辨认） modify modification（n. 修改） qualify qualification（n.资格）等 It is helpful to begin with a rough and ready classification. 52. climate：n.气候 My classmate doesnt like the climate here. North American has the worlds best climate for wild grapes. 【辨析】climate指某地区固有的天气状况；而weather指某地区短时间内的天气变化。53. cloth：n. 布，（一块）抹布 clothes：n. 衣服54. clothe：vt. 给.穿衣服 He can barely feed and clothe his family. 【速记】clothe是名词cloth的动词形式；相同变化的词如：bath（n.）bathe（v. 洗澡）；breath breathe（v. 呼吸）55. cloudy：a. 多云的，模糊的56. club：n.俱乐部，夜总会；棍棒 He is an active member of the schools tennis club. 【常见表达】night club 夜总会57. coach：n. 长途公共汽车；旅客车厢；四轮大马车；教练 v. 训练, 指导 【速记】组句助记：这位教练（coach）由于口吃（coach）丢了工作，只能去开长途车（coach）。 The football coach was criticized by the local paper. His father coaches him in English. 58. coal：n. 煤59. coarse：a. 粗的，粗劣的，粗糙的；粗俗的，粗鄙的 My clothes were made of coarse cloth. His coarse manners shocked everyone. 60. coast：n. 海岸，海滨地区 注意：roast：v. 烤肉 toast：v. 敬酒He is going to live by the coast for the sake of his health. 61. code：n. 密码，电码，代码，编码；准则，法规，法典 【表达】postal code 邮政编码； secret code 密码 The letter was written in code. 62. coin：n. 硬币63. comb：n. 梳子； vt. 梳理64. combine：vt. 使结合；兼有 v.（with）（使）联合，（使）结合，（使）化合 【考点】combine. with 把与.结合起来 combine theory with practice 理论与实践相结合 combine A and B He combines creative imagination and true scholarship. 【派生】combination：n. 结合，联合，合并；化合，化合物 His character is a combination of wit and kindness. 65. comfort：n. 安慰，舒适； vt. 安慰，使（痛苦等）缓和 She is a great comfort to her parents. She was a great comfort to me when I was ill. 【考点】反义词：discomfort：n. 不舒适，不自在 【派生】comfortable：a. 舒适的 （反义词： uncomfortable 不舒服的） My house is not big, but it is comfortable. 66. command：n. 指令，命令；统帅，指挥，掌握； vt. 命令；指挥，统帅 【速记】词根记忆：com（动词前缀）+mand（命令）命令 同根词如 demand（v. 要求） 【考点】 under ones command 在的控制/掌握之下 The army is under the kings direct command. I had thirty men under my command. She has a good command of the French language. 【考点】command带宾语从句，从句谓语部分用should可以省略的虚拟语气。除command之外，还有suggest，request，order，demand，propose，desire，insist，advise等。 The captain commanded that his soldiers (should) go on to the front. 【派生】commander：n. 司令官，指挥官67. comment：n. 注释，评论，意见； vi. 注释，评论 【考点】make comments on sth. 评论 comment on sth. 评论，对做评论 The king refuses to comment on the election results. 【真题】This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to _ on it. (2011年) A. conform B. complain C. confirm D. comment68. commerce：n. 商业，贸易 词根记忆：com（前缀“一起”）+merce（词根“商业”）商业 He majored in international commerce in college. 他大学时的专业是国际贸易。 【辨析】commerce 为正式用语，常与industry（工业）作对比；trade不如commerce正式，强调“交易”【派生】commercial：a. 商业的，贸易的 n. 商业广告【相关】merchant： n. 商人， commodity：n. 商品 （pl.）commodities 词根记忆：com +mod（词根“模式”）+ity（名词后缀）按照同一模式做出来的 商品The country is heavily dependent on its exports of agriculture commodities. 69. commit：vt. 犯（错误），犯（罪），干（坏事）；承诺；把交托给，提交 【考点】 commit a mistake / error 犯错误； commit a crime 犯罪 commit suicide/ murder 自杀/谋杀（be） committed to sth. / doing sth. 对.承担义务； be committed to do sth. 承诺做某事 commit oneself to do/ to doing sth. 承诺/保证做. Shes committed to her family. (= Shes committed to taking care of her family.) He was committed to support his brothers children. The government committed itself to reduce/ to reducing taxes. 【派生】committee：n. 委员会，全体委员 commission: n. 委任，佣金 词根记忆：commit（把委托给某人）+t +ee（后缀，表示动作承受者）受委托之人 委员，委员会 注意：committee 是集合名词，看作整体时，其后动词用单数；看作个体时，其后动词用复数。 The football club committee comprises seven people. 70. common：a. 平常的，普通的；共同的 【考点】in common 共用的，共有的 common sense 常识have much in common 有许多相同之处；有共同点 have nothing / little in common 毫无共同之处；没有共同点 He and I have much common in collecting stamps. 【真题】The two girls had so _ in common that they soon became good friends. (2002年 ) A. many B. little C. few D. much【真题】Until then did I realize that their marriage had _ because they had little in common. (2009年) A. put off B. given up C. broken down D. call off【真题】尽管我和玛丽有不同国籍，我们对音乐却有共同的爱好。（2010年，翻译题） Although Mary and I are of different nationalities, we have much in common in the music that we like.71. communicate: vi. 沟通，交流；通讯，通信； vt. 传达，传递 【考点】communicate with sb. 和.交流 I communicate with him regularly by letter. 【派生】communication：n. 通讯，传达； （pl.）通讯系统，交通（工具）72. community：n. 社区，统一地区的居民；共同体 community college 社区大学，社区学院73. companion：n. 同伴 She was the only Chinese companion during my stay in Australia. 74. company： n. 公司；连，连队； 陪伴，同伴 【速记】词根记忆：最早的公司出现在古希腊，是由几个朋友共同出资购买商船进行贸易，因此company一词有“公司”、“陪伴”两种不同的含义。 She hates going out alone and takes her daughter for company. 75. compare： vt. 比较, 相比，对照 (包括similarity和difference)；比作【考点】compare A with B 将A与B进行比较compare A to B 将A与B进行比较；将A比作B（侧重此义），比喻为. I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference. Poets often compare death to sleep. 【真题】_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. (2006年)A. Compared B. Compare C. Comparing D. While comparing【辨析】compare vt. 比较, 相比，对照 (包括similarity和difference)contrast vt. 使与.对比, 使与.对照 （侧重difference） 【相关】comparable：a. 比得上的，强调“能做比较的”；可比较的，相似的或相当的 comparative: a. 对比的 comparison：n. 比较 Our house is not comparable with yours. He majored in comparative literature 76. compete： vi. 比赛, 竞争 【考点】compete with/against sb. for sth. 为了 与竞争，对抗 compete in +n. 参加比赛 You will have to compete with others for this position. The children compete against each other to reach the summit of the hill first. Will you compete in the race? 【真题】Some local companies are making great effort to _ with foreign companies for a share of the market. A. connect B. combine C. compete D. compare (2009年)【派生】competition n. 竞争, 竞赛 He was in competition with 10 others for the job. competitive adj. 竞争的 Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world. competitor n. 竞争者 competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的 We know you are competent in doing this job. 77. complain：v. 1）（of，about）抱怨, 悲叹，埋怨；2）投诉 【考点】complain about / of 抱怨 They complained bitterly about the injustice of the system. 【派生】complaint n. 抱怨，投诉 letter of 投诉信78. complete：a. 完整的；完成的；全部的； vt. 完成，使完善79. compose：vt. 组成，构成； v. 创作 【考点】be composed of = be made up of =consist of 由构成 The class is composed of twelve boys and eight girls. 【派生】composition： n. 作文，乐曲；写作，作曲；构成，组成The composition is well written, except for some spelling mistakes in it. 80. comprehension：n. 理解，理解力；领悟；包含 【考点】beyond ones ability / comprehension 超出能力范围/ 超出理解力 The problem is above / beyond my comprehension. 【相关】listening / reading comprehension 听力/ 阅读理解81. concentrate：v. （on）集中； 浓缩 【考点】concentrate on 集中精力于，集中注意力于. You should concentrate on your study. 82. concern：n. 1）关心，挂念； 2）关系，关联 vt. 涉及, 有关； 关心，挂念【考点】as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就而言，至于be concerned about 关心，担心，挂念be concerned with 牵涉到， 与. 有关 As far as I am concerned, you can do what you like. We are all concerned about her safety. Her latest book is concerned with youth unemployment. 【真题】_ the content is concerned, the book is worth reading. (2006年) A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As good as 句意：就这本书的内容而言，这本书值得一读。 【派生】concerning：prep. 关于 concerned： a. 关心的 Concerning his background, I know nothing. 83. concert：n. 音乐会