Environmental Problems环境问题词汇整理.doc

环境相关英语词汇1.新词碳足迹carbon footprint诺亚规则Noah rules乐活族LOHAS(Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability)碳中和Carbon neutralization2.话题词汇白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)全球变暖global warming温室效应greenhouse effect热岛效应heat island effect退耕还林(还草)grain for green可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可吸入颗粒物inhalable particles有机污染物 organic pollutants 城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization农药残留pesticide residue水土保持conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization 保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks 防沙林sand breaks速生林fast-growing trees 降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品 Environmental-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification环境负荷carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境nature-nurture美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation环境恶化 environmental degradation城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业subsistence agriculture大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles 工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged烟尘排放soot emissions二氧化氮nitrate dioxide (NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation)工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant可持续发展Sustainable development节能减排energy conservation and emissions reduction碳汇carbon sink石油泄漏oil spill卫生填埋sanitary landfills零散发zero emission生态示范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystem 北极生态系统Arctic ecosystem水生环境aquatic environment 海平面上升sea level rise 人工影响天气weather modification 土地承载能力land carrying capacity 土地开垦land reclamation 土地恢复land restoration 土地使用分类land use classification 砂石开采sand extraction 土壤保持soil conservation 土壤退化soil degradation 风蚀wind erosion 二氧化碳carbon dioxide (CO2)一氧化碳carbon monoxide (CO)化学污染物chemical pollutant 空气质量评级air quality rating 沙尘天气sand and dust weather 寒潮cold snap 冻雨ice rain 干旱期dry spell饮用水缺乏drinking water shortage人工降雨artificial precipitation厄尔尼诺现象EL Nino phenomenon 拉尼娜现象La Nina phenomenon 酸雨acid rain 土壤侵蚀soil erosion 土壤盐碱化soil salinization 大气污染防治法air pollution prevention and control law空气质量指数air quality index 人工免疫artificial immunity 海岸侵蚀 coastal erosion 大气颗粒物atmospheric particulates 海底生态系统 benthic ecosystem 沿海开发coastal development 沿海生态系统coastal ecosystem 淡水保护conservation of freshwater 商业噪音commercial noise 混合污染composite pollution 工业废水industrial effluents 工业排放物industrial emissions 无机污染物inorganic pollutants 铅污染lead contamination机动车辆排放物motor vehicle emissions 城市废物municipal waste 汞污染 mercury contamination 难降解有机污染物persistent organic pollutants 塑料废物plastic wastes 医药废物pharmaceutical wastes 放射性物质radioactive substances 热污染thermal pollution 有毒物质toxic substances 石油泄漏oil spills 废金属scrap metals 隔音acoustic insulation燃料脱硫desulphurization of fuels过滤器filters噪音治理noise abatement污染治理设备pollution abatement equipment废物焚烧incineration of waste 残油回收oil residue recuperation 污水处理系统sewage treatment systems 卫生填埋 sanitary landfills 废物同化处置waste assimilation capacities 废物转化技术waste conversion techniques 废物土地处置waste disposal in the ground 排放税Emissions taxes排放权管制系统Allowance Tracking System (ATS)小排量汽车small-displacement (engine) vehicles放射性废物管理radioactive waste management 3.环境相关会议与组织、公约联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程Chinas Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change21世纪议程Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change4.环境相关节日与政策世界环境日World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题World Environment Day Themes国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )全民义务植树日National Tree-Planting Day预防为主、防治结合的政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection5. 历年世界环境日(6.5)主题提高你的呼声，而不是海平面(2014)Raise your voice not the sea level思前，食后，厉行节约：减少你的耗粮足迹(2013)Think. Eat. Save: Reduce Your Footprint绿色经济，你参与了吗？(2012)Green economy：Does it include you?森林：大自然为您效劳(2011)Forests: Nature at Your Service多样的物种唯一的星球共同的未来(2010)Many species One planet One future你的星球需要你，联合起来应付气候变化（2009）YourplanetneedsYou!Unitetocombatclimatechange促进低碳经济（2008）Towards a Low Carbon Economy冰川消融，后果堪忧（2007）Melting Ice a Hot Topic莫使旱地变为沙漠（2006）Deserts and Desertification Dont Desert Drylands!营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园（2005）Green Cities - Plan for the Planet! 海洋存亡 匹夫有责(2004)Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or Alive? 水-二十亿人生命之所系（2003）Water - Two Billion People