The Dangling Modifier悬垂修饰.ppt

DanglingModifier 悬垂修饰 演讲人 孙文静 DanglingModifie 悬垂修饰 演讲人 孙文 Teammembers 胡丽萍马飞孙文杨庆 Content 一 What stheDanglingModifier二 ThetypesofDanglingModifier三 HowtorevisetheDanglingModifier四 TheapplicationofDanglingModifier 一 What stheDanglingModifierExample Hearingthebadnews herheartbroke 听到这个坏消息 她的心碎了 hearingthebadnews的逻辑主语she 而句子的主语为herheart 即句子的逻辑主语与主语不一致 一般而言 修饰语都必须有被修饰的对象 倘若某个从句或短语在句中找不到自己要修饰的词语 或者与任何词语都没有逻辑上的联系 初看好像修饰某个词语 但实际上什么也没有修饰 而是处于悬浮状态 无处着落 那么这种修饰语就被称为悬垂修饰语 二 ThetypesofDanglingModifier DanglingParticiple 悬垂分词 DanglingGerund 悬垂动名词 DanglingInfinitive 悬垂不定式 DanglingEllipticalClause 悬垂省略从句 DanglingPrepositionalPhrase 悬垂介词短语 DanglingParticiple 悬垂分词 Itisverycommonforasentencetobeginwithaparticiplephrasethatmodifiesthesubjectofthemainclause butproblemariseifthesubjectisawordtowhichtheparticiplecannotlogicallyapply 一般来说 分词结构如果出现在句首 通常是以句子的主语作为自己的主语的 但有时分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致 如果一种分词结构无法确定其逻辑主语 就会引起悬垂修饰语 DanglingPresentParticiple ArrivingatBeijing myfriendwaswaitingformeatthestation revised Oneistoincreaseparticiplelogicsubject andthesecondistochangeparticipialphraseintoclauses一是增加分词的逻辑主语 二是把分词短语变成从句 ArrivingatBeijing Ifoundmyfriendwaswaitingformeatthestation WhenIarrivedatBeijing myfriendwaswaitingformeatthestation DanglingPastParticiple 1 Flattenedbytheimpact Janesurveyedherwreckedbike revised Janesurveyedherwreckedbike whichwasflattenedbytheimpact 2 Discouragedbylowgrades droppingoutmadesense revised Discouragedbylowgrades Ithoughtdroppingoutmadesense DanglingGerund 悬垂动名词 Thedanglinggerundphenomenonislimited butweshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenitanddanglingparticiple Thedanglinggerundshowastate andthedanglingparticipleshowanaction Usethedanglinggerund pleasepayattentiontotheconfusedlogic 悬垂动名词作状语的现象不太多 但要分清它和悬垂现在分词的区别 悬垂动名词多表示一种状态 而悬垂现在分词多表示一种动作 使用悬垂动名词时 请注意逻辑关系的混乱 例如 1 ApproachingtheguardrailonLookoutMountain avastexpanseoffarmlandcouldbeseen WhenweapproachedtheguardrailonLookoutMountain avastexpanseoffarmlandcouldbeseen 2 Intalkingwithmystudents theytoldmeoftheirsuggestions WhenIwastalkingwithmystudents theytoldmeoftheirsuggestions DanglingInfinitive 悬垂不定式 Thedanglinginfinitiveishardtobeacceptedgenerally Becausewecan ttellthelogicalrelationshipbetweenthem 一般来说 不定式短语作悬垂修饰语时 很难让人接受 因为我们分不清它们之间的逻辑关系 如 1 Inordertokeepfit doingmorningexerciseseverydayisnecessary revise Reservesthefrontpartofthesentence保留前半部分Inordertokeepfit wemustdomorningexerciseseveryday Reservetherestpartofthesentence保留后半部分Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisnecessaryforustofit Changetheinfinitiveformofverbintoclauses把动词不定式变成从句Inorderthatwemaykeepfit wemustdomorningexerciseseveryday 2 Tokeepgoodtime youmustoilthewatchregularly Tokeepgoodtime thewatchmustbeoiledregularly Inorderforthewatchtokeepgoodtime youmustoilthewatchregularly DanglingEllipticalClause 悬垂省略从句 Ifthepresentparticipleexpressesitson goingaction wecanalsoaddwhenorwhileinfront 现在分词如果表示正在进行的动作 其前也可加when或while 构成悬垂省略从句 如 1 Whileeatingmysandwich fivemosquitoesbitme revise Wecanexpandthedanglingellipticalclausetocompleteclauses thengetthefollowingsentences可以把悬垂省略从句扩展为完整的从句 得到如下句子 WhileIwaseatingmysandwich fivemosquitoesbitme 或 Whileeatingmysandwich Iwasbittenbyfivemosquitoes 2 whilereadingthenewspaper mydogsatwithmeonthefrontsteps whilereadingthenewspaper Isatwithmydogonthefrontsteps whileIwasreadingthenewspaper mydogsatwithmeonthefrontsteps DanglingPrepositionalPhrase 悬垂介词短语 Thedanglingprepositionalphrasephenomenonislimited butaslongaswecanlearnfromthecontextofthestructure thesignificanceiseasytounderstand 悬垂介词短语的存在现象在英语句子结构中较为稀少 但只要用心体会其上下文的结构 其意义也不难理解 例如 1 HeisinterestedinEnglishandheisgoodatEnglish Thesentencedoesnothavethegrammaticalerror butappearstooburdensome Wecanreducethesentencetothefollowingtwoforms 这个句子语法上没有错 但显得过于累赘 我们可以把句子简化成以下两种形式 HeisinterestedinEnglishandgoodatEnglish HeisinterestedinandgoodatEnglish Inthesecondsentence afterweknowthesecondobjectofapreposition wecangetthesignificanceandroleoftheword in Suchaprepositioniscalleddanglingprepositions 在第二句中 介词in的意义和作用要等第二个介词at接上宾语后才清楚 像in这样的介词就叫做悬垂介词 三 HowtorevisetheDanglingModifier 悬垂修饰语把修饰语放在句首 它的修饰对象必须紧跟其后 否则 修饰语就失去了 依靠 而作者的表达意思也会被歪曲 变得模糊不清 纠正这种错误 一般可用两种方式进行修正 一是保留原修饰语 同时重新组织主句 使其主语同修饰语的逻辑主语取得一致 二是保留原主句不变 而将原修饰语扩展成一个完整的从句 一 修改主句Lookingoutofthewindowofourhotelroom therewerelotsofmountains Lookingoutofthewindowofourhotelroom wefoundtherewerelotsofmountains 二 修改从句Althoughonlyaboy myfatherexpectedmetodoaman swork AlthoughIwasonlyaboy myfatherexpectedmetodoaman swork 四 TheapplicationofDanglingModifier Theapplicationofdanglingmodifierisageneralphenomenon ithasweakness alsoithasuse Danglingmodifieralwaysrepresentstheactionofsentencesubject 句子主语 Whenitactassentenceadverbials 句子状语 toexpressthespeaker sopinion ithasbecomeafixedusage 固定用法 eg generally strictly etc speaking judgingfrom talkingof allowingfor considering counting assuming supposing barring Theseseeminglylookslikedanglingmodifiers buttheirexpressionisnotlimitedtotherule infactthethasbeenoftenuse Judgingfromhisexpression he sinabadmood Strictlyspeaking thatschoolisnotveryold 也有动词不定短语成为固定用法作为悬垂修饰语 如 tobefrank tonameafew totellthetruth等 Tobefrank heisnottherightmanforthisimportantjob Wehavetostudycourses Chinese English math physics chemistry history geography justtonameafew TheEnglishattachmentrule thelogicalsubjectactassegmentationphrasesorinfinitivephrasesofadverbialwordshouldbeconsistentwithgrammarsubjectofthesentences Otherwiseiswrong Thisrulealwaysapplytomostofcondition Attachmentrulesunderthefollowingcircumstancesisnotapplicative 1 logicalsubjec