rman备份常用操作语句.doc

rman备份常用操作语句2009-08-12 23:21:57|分类：rman|字号订阅drop tablespace tbs_rman including contents and datafiles;create tablespace tbs_rman datafile /oradata/liutest/tbs_rman01.dbfsize 300M;create user rmanuser identified by rman default tablespace tbs_rman temporary tablespace temp;grantrecovery_catalog_ownerto rmanuser;select * fromsession_privs;select * fromsesseion_roles;rman catalog rmanuser/rmanrmancreate catalog tablespace tbs_rman;rmanregister database;rmanlist incarnation; - (可以看出有几个目标数据库注册此RMAN备份)rmanreport schema;rmanlist backup;rmanlist copy;-全备份 full backupsetrmanrun allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset format=/rmanbak/full_%d_%U tag=fullbak channel=d1database plus archivelog delete input;rmancrosscheck copy;rmandelete expired copy;-0级备份run allocate channel d1 device type disk;backup as compressedbackupset incrementallevel=0 format=/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%U tag=inc0 channel=d1 database; release channel d1;rmanlist backup summary;-差异1级增量备份run allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level=1 format=/rmanbak/inc1_%d_%U tag=inc1 channel=d1 database; release channel d1;-查看备份结果rmanlist backupset summary;rmanlist backupby file;ll -h -可以比较大小-累积型增量备份run allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level=1cummulative format=/rmanbak/cum1_%d_%U tag=cum1 channel=d1 database; release channel d1;-备份表空间run allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset format=/rmanbak/tbs_user_%d_%U tag=tbs channel=d1 tablespace users,center,system; release channel d1;-备份数据文件run allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset format=/rmanbak/df_%d_%U tag=dfile channel=d1datafile 1;- select file_id from dba_data_files; release channel d1;-查看备份结果list backupsettag=DFILE-备份archivelog文件-备份之前，先检查一下rmancrosscheck copy of archivelog all;rmancrosscheck archivelog all;rmansql alter system switch logfile;rmansqlalter system switch logfiel;rmansql alter system switch logfiel;-进行日志切换，让系统备份归档日志rmanlist archivelog all;rmanlist backupset; -可以得到chp scn(ckeckpoint scn)来断定备份那个归档日志(用于恢复)run allocate channel d1 device type disk; backup as compressed backupset format=/rmanbak/arch_%d_%U tag=arch channel=d1archivelog from scn 1219672; -1219672是一个chp scn(ckeckpoint scn) release channel d1;- 查看备份结果rmanlist backupset;-备份拷贝 backup as copyrun allocate channel d1 device type disk;backup as copy format=/rmanbak/copy_%d_%U tag=copybak channel=d1database; release channel d1;rmanreport schema;rmanreport obsolete;list backupset;list backupset by file; -根据文件输出crosscheck -校验备份信息是否被删除crosscheck backupset;-如果有删除的备份信息，把它标志为expired-接着就可以删除这些备份信息 ：delete expired backupset;change命令： change backupset 1 available(crosscheck,delete,unavailable,uncatalog,validate,nokeep(keep,comma);-改变备份信息的状态-change backupset 1 delete 表示删除这个备份信息(相当于crosscheck backupset; delete obsolete backupset;)list 命令1 列出对应物 RMANlist incarnation; (可以看出有几个目标数据库注册此RMAN备份)2 列出备份2.1概述可用的备份RMANlist backup summary; 显示结果LV字段说明如下： B 表示 backup F 表示 FULL A 表示 archive log 0 1 表示 incremental backup S 说明备份状态 （AAVAILABLE，X EXPIRED )2.2按备份类型列出备份RMANlist backupby file; 按照数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份列出2.3列出详细备份RMANlist backup；2.4列出过期备份RMANlist expired backup;2.5列出表空间和数据文件备份list backup of tablespace 和list backup of datafile 输出和list backup 相似 如：list backup of tablespace user_tbs; list backup of datafile 3;2.6列出归档日志备份RMANlist archivelog all;简要信息RMANlist backup of archivelog all;详细信息2.7列出控制文件和服务器参数文件 RMANlist backup of controfile; RMANlist backup of spfile;=RMAN 的 report命令1. 报告最近没有被备份的数据文件 RMANreport need backup days=3;2. 报告备份冗余或恢复窗口 RMANreport needbackup redundancy=2; RMANreport need backup recovery window of 2 days;3. 报告数据文件的不可恢复操作 RMANreport unrecoverable;4. 报告数据库模式 RMANreport schema;5. 报告丢弃的备份 如果使用了保存策略，备份会标记为丢弃状态 RMANreport obsolete;删除丢弃状态备份RMANdelete obsolete;=RMAN的crosscheck 命令1 备份集有两种状态A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired 的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保 存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份delete obsolete。4 示例：crosscheck backupcrosscheck backup of datafile 1;crosscheck backup of tablespace users;crosscheck backup of controfile;crosscheck backup of controlfile;crosscheck backup tag=SAT_BACKUP;crosscheck backup completed after sysdate - 2crosscheck backup completed between sysdate - 5 and sysdate -2 crosscheck backup device type sbt;crosscheck archivelog all;crosscheck archivelog like %ARC00012.001crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;=RMAN 的validate 命令1 validate 命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原2 list backup summary; 得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;=RMAN 的备份保存策略以及change ,delete命令0.带delete参数的change 命令删除备份集，从备份介质，并且从控制文件和恢复目录中删除。change backupset 117,118 delete;change backuppiece 1304 delete;change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;1.两类策略：恢复窗口备份保存策略（recoverywindows backup retension policy)基于时间备份冗余备份保存策略（backup redundancy backup retension policy) 基于备份的数量两类策略互相排斥2.即使使用了备份保存策略，备份到期并不删除，只是在RMAN目录中标记为丢弃，看到的状态依旧为available;要查看标记为丢弃的备份 report obsolete，只有使用delete obsolete才真正物理删除。3.configure retension policy to recovery window of 7 days;configure retension policy to redundancy 3;显示结果 show all;4.查看到期丢弃的备份时，可能需要手工保存一些备份，可以使用change 命令带keep 参数，使用这个命令后，那些被修改的备份将被认为是个long-term backup,不在受保存策略影响也就是说delete obsolete 也不删除。5.要使备份时候不受保存策略影响 ,使用带keep参数的backup 命令backup database keep forever;backup database keep 5 days;6.change 命令功能可以修改备份为永久保存并将以及该备份的相关的日志保存下来，保证总能将备份恢复到当前时间点change backupset 31 keep forever logs; 可以设置备份丢弃的新日期，将备份在多保存7 天，7 天后将删除change backupset 32 keep until time sysdata + 7 logs;7.change 可以将备份集设置为unavailablechangebackupset 33 unavailable; 标记为unavailable状态的备份集并不参与crosscheck;8.删除备份的归档日志文件：delete archivelog 2011;-2011是从list archivelog all;获得的key值或：change archivelog 2014 delete;= 恢复目录的记录删除1. $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql 脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录2. 要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC 表中删除这些对应物，使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION 视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY 随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;=手工同步恢复目录resync catalog;Oracle同步恢复目录的时候，首先创建快照控制文件，然后比较这个文件和恢复目录，完成后，Oracle 更新恢复目录，使恢复目录和控制文件同步=archivelog模式下的完全恢复step1：set oracle_sid=recoverrman target rman_backup/passwordconfigure controlfile autobackup on;step2：backup database plus archivelog delete input;step3：shutdown immediate;step4：重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件，不重命名联机重做日志。step5: startup nomount; set DBID=* restore controlfile from autobackup; alter database mount;step6: restore database; recover database; alter database open resetlogs;表空间恢复sqlalter tablespace users offline;sqlalter tablespace tools offline;restore tablespace users,tools;recover tablespace users,tools;sqlalter tablespace users online;sqlalter tablespace tools online;数据文件恢复sqlalter database datafile 3