S2A+M2+U4+Reading+(语言点).doc

S2A M2 U4 Reading （语言点） By Wang FeixiangS2A M2 U4 ReadingLanguage PointsBy Wang Feixiang1.drive-in n. &adj.(a place) that people can use while remaining in their cars 服务到车上的（行业）e.g. a drive-in restaurant 送菜到车上的餐馆 a drive-in cinema 可坐在车上观看电影的露天电影院 a drive-in bank 服务到车上的银行 The United States is such a car-oriented society that there are even drive-in banks. 美国社会被汽车所支配，他们甚至有免下车的银行。2.stand n.a small often outdoor shop or place for showing things; stall(BrE) 货摊，摊；（置物的）架，座e.g. a news stand 报摊a fruit stand 水果摊a market stand 集市的货摊a hat / coat stand 帽 / 衣架【知识拓展】stand n.看台e.g. A cheer rose from the south stands. 南看台上响起一片欢呼声。stand立场take a firm stand on 在上采取坚定的立场e.g. He was criticized for his tough stand on immigration.stand坐落，位于e.g. Shanghai stands in the east of China.stand 忍受 stand (doing) sth.e.g. I couldnt stand the hot weather in the south.3. tidy(1) adj. 整齐的，井然的，爱干净的，很整洁的e.g. a tidy bedroom 整洁的卧室 My grandmother is always neat and tidy. 我奶奶总是又整齐又干净。(2)v. 使整洁，整理（常与up连用）e.g. Tidy yourself up before you go out. 外出前要整理仪容。4.not but e.g.:The letter is addressed not to me but to you.We are learning not Chinese but English.= We are not learning Chinese but learning English.It is not what you say but what you do that matters.This is a question not of money but of time.He promised me not that he would do the job for me but that he would offer his help if necessary.Ex:丢失的书不是在教室里找到的，而是在操场上找到的。The lost book was found not in the classroom but on the playground. 不是你而是我该受到责备。Not you but I _ to blame for that car accident.5.immediately adv./conj. (1)at once, without waiting 立即e.g. She answered almost immediately. 她几乎当下就答复了。 The purpose may not be immediately evident. 这种目的不一定显而易见。(2)directly or very closely 直接地；紧接地e.g. the houses most immediately affected by the motorway 最直接受高速公路影响的房子【知识拓展】immediately conj. as soon as; the moment that 即刻，一就= the moment + clause = the instant + clause = as soon as + clausee.g. I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就立刻认出她来了。immediate adj.立即的；即刻的e.g. take immediate action 立刻采取行动 I want an immediate reply. 我要求立即答复我。I recognized her immediately I saw her.6.staff n. employees or workers at a place 职员，员工e.g. The staff in our school is/are excellent. 我们学校的职员很优秀。 That company has a staff of 200. 那家公司有200个职员。 The manager of that department is in charge of 15 staff. 那个部门的经理掌管15名员工。【友情提示】the staff全体职工，全体员工，the crew全体乘务人员，the class全班同学，the family全家，the audience全体观众，作主语时，指整体时谓语用单数，指各成员时谓语用复数。e.g. His family is a happy one. 她的家是一个幸福的家庭。 His family all like sports. 他的家人都喜欢运动。【例1】Mr. Clements was the personnel manager. That means he looked after the companys _.A. accounts B. sales C. staff D. stores【答案】C7.impress vt. 给留下印象to make (someone) feel respect and liking 给留下印象impress sth. on sb.(或impress sb. with sth.)给某人留下印象e.g. He did not impress me at all.他没有给我留下丝毫印象。 His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话深深铭刻在我心头。What impressed me most was that 让我印象深刻的是e.g.:What impressed me most was that she was always elegant and composed on any occasion.【知识拓展】impression n.印象 impressive adj。使人印象深刻的sth. give sb. a(n)impression on/upon sb. 某事物给某人的印象sth. leave/make a(n)impression on/upon sb. 某事物给某人的印象sb. have a(n)impression of sth. 某人对某事物有的印象sb. be under the impression that 某人有的印象A make / leave a deep impression on B A给B留下深刻印象= A give B a deep impression = A give a deep impression to B B have a good impression of A B对A有个好印象sb. be under the impression that 某人有的印象e.g. His eloquence left a deep impression on the audience. 他的能言善辩给观众留下了很深的印象。 Im under the impression that there used to be a Gothic cathedral here. 在我的印象里这儿曾有一座哥特式教堂。I am under the impression that there used to be a Gothic cathedral here.That opera house is an impressive building.【例2】翻译句子（1）漓江水之美给我留下了深刻的印象。（impress）（2）作为一个大都市，上海给我留下了美好的印象。（leave a(n)impression on）（3）我对他的演讲留下了深刻的印象。【答案】(1)I am deeply impressed by the beauty of the Lijiang River.(2)As a metropolis, the city of Shanghai has left a wonderful impression on me.（3）I was deeply impressed by his speech.= His speech impressed me deeply.I am under the impression that there used to be a Gothic cathedral here.8. read v.to have (something) written on it 写着e.g. People cannot park where there stands a post that reads No Parking. 在写有“禁止停车”的告示牌处，不可以停车。 Didnt you see the sign reading No Spitting here? 你难道没看见这里写着“不得随地吐痰”的告示吗？【知识拓展】(be able to)understand the meaning of 理解的意义；阅读e.g. He reads fairly well for a child of only 4. 对于一个仅4岁的孩子来说，他的阅读能力相当不错。interpret 领会e.g. I can read your mind/thoughts. 我能看透你的心思。discover or find out about sb/sth by/reading 借助阅读发现某人/某事物的情况e.g. I read that he had resigned. 我看到他已辞职的报道。 We read how it was done. 我们看到了资料，知道是怎么做的了。【例3】His silly poem _ as follows, You are locked in my heart and the key has been lost.A. writes B. flows C. recites D. reads【答案】D、9.service n. 服务e.g.:free medical serviceserve v.vt. 服务 serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务vi. 服役 serve in the armyvt. 供应，端上 serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb.vi. 起作用；充当 serve as e.g.:The sofa can be served as a bed.10.look up vt. / vi.e.g.: When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary.（= 查词典）Things are looking up! （= improving）On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine. （= called on）Ive always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination. （= respect / admire）11.outlet n.(1)a shop in a company that sells goods made by that company 专卖店；直销店e.g. a fast-food outlet 快餐店 a retail outlet 零售店 This cosmetics firm has 34 outlets in Britain. 这家化妆品公司在英国有34个经销店。(2)a place from which you can sell things 商行，市场e.g. They must find new outlets for their industries. 他们得为他们的工业品寻找新市场。【知识拓展】n.出口；发泄（感情、精力）的方法；（电）插座e.g. The water would not get away from the tank because the outlet was blocked. 槽子里的水流不出来，因为出水口被堵了。 Sports are a good outlet for a young boys energy. 体育运动是男孩子发泄经历的途径。 Please put the plug into the outlet. 请插好插头。12.expand v.(cause sth to)become greater in size, number or importance 使（某事物）变大，扩大，增大，膨胀e.g. Metals expand when they are heated. 金属遇热则膨胀。 A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 你打气进去时，轮胎会胀大。 The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a large volume. 该袖珍小字典被增订成较大的字典。 The bird expanded its wings and flew away. 鸟儿展开翅膀飞走了。 He expanded that idea into a novel. 他把那个想法扩展成了一部小说。 He is thinking of expanding his business.The bird expanded its wings and flew away.He expanded that idea into a novel.The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a larger volume.The city has now expanded to three times its original size.expansion n.c.f. expand / extend / spread / stretchextend vt. / vi. 延伸（空间，时间）1) The headmaster extended our holiday by four days. The chapter extends to more than ninety pages. This road extends as far as the riverside. 2) to extend a warm welcome to himspread vt. / vi. 铺开，传播1) Lets spread some newspapers on the floor. 2) The news of victory spread quickly. stretch vt. / vi. 伸展，撑大e.g. stretch ones arms/legs My sweater has been stretched completely out of shape.【指点迷津】stretch, expand, extend和spreadexpand意为“扩大、扩展、膨胀”，指规模上的扩展e.g. The city has now expanded to three times its original size. 这城市现在已经扩展到原来的三倍。extend意为“延伸，延续”，尤指空间、时间及土地上的延伸和延长。e.g. The art exhibition will extend for two weeks. 这次艺术展将延续2个星期。spread意为“展开、铺开”；“传播、扩散”e.g. Lets spread some newspapers on the floor. 让我们把报纸铺在地板上。stretch意为“伸展、拉长”指用拉或扯的方式使曲变直，由短变长，常用于布匹织物、绳子、橡皮筋等物或手脚等部位。e.g. If your shoes are too tight, you can have them stretched to fit you. 如果你的裤子太紧，你可以把它们撑大以适合你。【例4】The easiest way to _ your vocabulary in French is to find other uses for those French words you already know.A. promote B. boost C. heighten D. expand【答案】D【例5】The light railway is planned to be _ to the airport.A. expanded B. spread C. extended D. stretched【答案】C13.set up 创立，建立，树立，竖起，资助某人创业；使某人开业e.g. They set up a small laboratory and devoted every spare moment to this work.他们建立了一个小型实验室，把他们的空余时间都奉献给了这项工作。The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。A fund will be set up for the dead mens families.抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。set up a monument / road blockI set the camera up in a small patch of shade.Police set up road-blocks on route leading out of the city. set sb. up in sth.His father gave him some capital to set him up in business. 【知识拓展】set up 摆起，竖起；资助（某人）创业；使（某人）开业e.g. I set the camera up in a small patch of shade.我在一小块阴凉地里竖起了相机。Police set up road-blocks on route leading out of the city.警方在通往城外的路上设置了路障。His father gave him some capital to set him up in business.他父亲给了他一些资本，让他开创事业。【例1】The villagers_gravestones in memory of the heroes who had scarified.A. set B. set up C. found D. establish【答案】B【例2】The exhibition will not _ until everything is ready.A. be open B. open C. set up D. establish【答案】B14. launch vt./n.put (sth/sb) into action; set going 使（某人/某事物）行动，使开始e.g. launch a new branchlaunch an investigation / appeal / inquirylaunch an attack / invasion / assault / offensive onlaunch a new modellaunch his latest fictionThe company is launching a new model next month. 下月公司将推出新型号产品。The will launch a promotion campaign.The miners launched a strike.【知识拓展】v. put (sth) into motion; send on its course 使（某事物）运动；送上e.g. The Americans and Russians have launched many rockets into space. 美俄两国人已发射了很多火箭上了太空。launch a satellite / missile / rocket into spacev. cause (a ship,esp one newly built)to move into the water 使（船，尤指新船）下水e.g. The lifeboat was launched immediately to rescue the four men. 立刻放下了救生船救那四个人。launch a lifeboat / submarinen. （船的）下水；（航天器的）发射；（新产品的）投产或投放e.g. The launch of their new saloon received much media coverage. 他们投产的新轿车广获传媒报道。15.take over 接管e.g.:take over ones job / a companyHe took over the little corner shop after his retired. 父亲退休后，他接管了那家街角小店。She is taking over my job when I am on holiday. 我度假时，她将接替我的工作【知识拓展】OPP: hand over 移交e.g.:Im resigning as chairman and handing over to my deputy. 我现在辞去主席职位，交由我的副手。【例3】翻译句子该公司已被美国一家企业接管。(take over)【答案】The firm has been taken over by an American company.16.establish vt. (1)set (sth) up on a firm or permanent basis 建立；设立（某事物）e.g. establish a company / committee / brewery / research centerestablish detailed criteria / ground rules established contact / a relationship / a link withestablish a free trade zoneestablish ones reputationThe business was established a new system for dealing with complains. 这家公司建立了处理意见的新制度。 The business was established in 1860. 这家公司成立于1860年。(2)place oneself/sb in a position, office, etc. 使某人/自己任职；安置；安顿establish sb (in sth) (as sth)e.g. He quickly established himself as a powerful member of the new government. 他很快使自己成为新政府中有实力的成员。 Shes now firmly established (in business) as an art dealer. 她已稳固地奠定了艺术品商的地位。His new research established him as a qualified professor. 他的新研究使他成为合格的教授。He established himself as an outstanding player in the team.He has established himself as a pivotal figure in state politics. 他作为国家政治中的一位轴心人物的地位已经确立。(3)show (sth) to be true; prove 确定（某事物）；证实e.g. The police cant establish where he was at the time. 警方无法确定当时他在哪里。 He established his innocent by presenting the facts. 他提供事实证明了自己是无辜的。【知识拓展】establishment n.建立，确立，机构，当权派（首字母大写）e.g. The custom has already achieved establishment now. 这种风俗已确立。 commercial establishment 商业单位 industrial and mining establishment 工矿企业 The Oxbridge Establishment 牛津剑桥大学的权威人士【例7】翻译句子麦当劳兄弟在1948年创办了第一家麦当劳汉堡店。（establish）【答案】McDonald brothers established the first McDonalds Hamburgers in 1948.【例8】By 1909, Picasso had _himself as a painter of exceptional talent in Paris.A. made B. changed C. turned D. established【答案】D17.branch n. (1)arm-like division of a tree; a division of a river, road, railway or mountain range 树枝；（河流、公路、铁路或山脉的）分支e.g. a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流(2) local office or shop belonging to a large firm or organization 地方办事处或分店e.g. The bank has branches in all parts of the country. 该银行在全国各地设有分行。【例6】The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has_all over the country.A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses【答案】B18.ownership n. state of being an owner;(right of)possession 物主的身份e.g. The restaurant is under new ownership. 那餐馆已易新主了19.stand for 代表e.g. UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object.UFO代表“不明飞行物”。The spokesman made a statement standing for the American government.那位发言人代表美国政府发表了一项声明。I condemn fascism and all it stands for.我谴责法西斯注意及其代表的一切。What does PK stand for?PK是什么意思？【知识拓展】stand by 站在一旁；袖手旁观；支持某人stand out 显眼；出色 stand up 站起；经得起stand against 倚着；靠着站着 not stand for sth 容忍；忍受【例4】翻译句子EMS代表邮政特快专递。(stand for)【答案】EMS stands for Express Mail Services.20.detail n. the small facts or features of smoothing 细节；详情e.g. I remember every detail of that evening. 我记得那个晚上的每一个细节。Tell me the main points now, leave the details till later.【知识拓展】go into detail(s) 详细叙述e.g. He refused to go into details about his plans. 他不肯详细叙述他计划的细节。in detail 详细地e.g. She began to describe the plot in detail. 她开始详细的描述故事的情节。detailed adj. 详细的21.import vt.bring (goods,ideas,etc.)from a foreign country into ones own country 进口，输入，引进import sth(from); import sth(into)e.g. The country has to import most of its raw materials.这个国家原料大部分靠进口。the latest pop music imported from America 从美国传入的最新流行音乐meat imported into the United Kingdom 进口到英国的肉【知识拓展】import n.进口货；引进的劳务等e.g. luxurious foreign imports the import of food from abroadThe country restricts cheap foreign imports.这个国家限制廉价外国进口货。export v.&n.出口export sth. (to)e.g. India exports tea and cotton to many different countries. 印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花。Last years exports exceeded imports in value. 去年的出口价值超过进口。【例9】The country has to _ some raw materials from its neighbouring countries to make up for its scarcity in natural res