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IntroductiontoAnimals Characteristics MulticellularOrganizationHeterotrophicSexualreproductionanddevelopmentMovement AnimalClasses Ananimalclassismadeupofanimalsthatareallalikeinimportantways Scientistshavegroupedanimalsintoclassestomakeiteasiertostudythem Therearemanydifferentanimalclassesandeveryanimalintheworldbelongstooneofthem Thefivemostwellknownclassesofvertebrates animalswithbackbones aremammals birds fish reptiles amphibians Theyareallpartofthephylumchordata Iremember chordota bythinkingofspinalchord Therearealsoalotofanimalswithoutbackbones Thesearecalledinvertebratesandarepartofthephylumarthropoda arthropods Twoofthemostcommonlyknownclassesinthisphylumarearachnids spiders andinsects www kidzone ws animals Mammals Peoplearemammals Soaredogs cats horses duckbillplatypuses kangaroos dolphinsandwhales Whatdoalltheseanimalshaveincommon youask Theansweris MILK Ifananimaldrinksmilkwhenitisababyandhashaironitsbody itbelongstothemammalclassMammalsareoneofthe6mainclassesofanimals Animalclassesaregroupsofanimalsthatscientistsconsidertobealikeinsomeimportantways Mammalsaretheanimalclassthatpeoplebelongto Thereareonlyabout4 000kindsofmammals Warm blooded Birds Birdsareanimalsthathavefeathersandthatarebornoutofhard shelledeggs Somepeoplethinkthatwhatmakesananimalabirdisitswings Batshavewings Flieshavewings Batsandfliesarenotbirds Sowhatmakesananimalabird Theanswerisfeathers Allbirdshavefeathersandbirdsaretheonlyanimalsthatdo Thefeathersonabird swingsandtailoverlap Becausetheyoverlap thefeatherscatchandholdtheair Thishelpsthebirdtofly steeritselfandland Fish Fisharevertebratesthatliveinwaterandhavegills scalesandfinsontheirbody Therearealotofdifferentfishandmanyofthemlookveryoddindeed Thereareblindfish fishwithnoseslikeelephants fishthatshootdownpassingbugswithastreamofwaterandevenfishthatcrawlontolandandhopabout Reptiles Reptilesareaclassofanimalwithscalyskin Theyarecoldbloodedandarebornonland Snakes lizards crocodiles alligatorsandturtlesallbelongtothereptileclass Amphibians Amphibiansareborninthewater Whentheyareborn theybreathwithgillslikeafish Butwhentheygrowup theydeveloplungsandcanliveonland Arthropods Arthropodsisahugephylumofanimals itincludeselevenanimalclasses Merostomata Pycnogonida Arachnida Remipedia Cephalocarida Branchiopoda Maxillopoda Malacostraca Chilopoda Diplopoda andInsecta Anyanimalsthathavemorethanfour jointedlegsarearthropods Insects spidersandcrustaceansallbelongtothisclassofanimals ZoologistArachnologistCarcinologistConchologistEntomologistHerptologistIchthyologistMalacologistMammalogistOrnithologistPaleozoologistMarinebiologistbotanist MulticellularOrganization Mostanimalscontainlargenumbersofcells Humanscontain50trillioncells Inmostanimals thereisadivisionoflabor Specializationistheadaptationofacellforaparticularfunction Tissuesaretheorganizationofcells Cellareabletoorganizebythejoiningofcellsbycelljunctions Cellspecializationhasallowedorganismstoevolveandadapttomanyenvironments AnimalsareHeterotrophic Theymustobtaincomplexorganicmaterialfromothersources Mostaccomplishthisthroughingestion Digestionisaccomplishedwithintheanimal Thisprocessextractsthecarbohydrates proteinandlipidsfromthefoodeaten SexualReproductionandDevelopment Sexualreproductionrestoresthediploidnumberandincreasesgeneticvariation Duringthedevelopmentalprocess thezygoteundergoesmanymitoticdivisions Theseidenticalcellsmustundergodifferentiation Differentiationisprocessofcellbecomingdifferentfromeachotherandbeingspecialized Movement Mostanimalareabletomove Theabilitytomoveresultsfromtheinterrelationsoftwotypesoftissuesfoundonlyinanimals nervoustissueandmusculartissue Thereareafewanimalsthataresessile OriginandClassification Thefirstanimalsprobablyarosefromthesea Taxonomistshavegroupedanimalsintoseveralphylabasedonevolutionaryrelationships Manytaxonomistrecognize30ormoreanimalphyla Wewillinvestigate11phyla TenofthephylaincludeinvertebratesandonlyChordataincludesthevertebrates AnimalBodyStructure SymmetryGermlayersBodyCavities Symmetry Asymmetryreferstotheconsistentoverallpatternofstructureofananimal Animalshavethreepatternsofsymmetry Asymmetry nosymmetryRadialSymmetry similarpartsbranchinalldirectionsfromacentralpointBilateralSymmetry similarhalvesoneithersideofacentralplane PatternsofSymmetry IdentifytheTypeofSymmetry Mostanimalshaveadorsal ventral anteriorandposteriorsideororientation Dorsal topVentral bottomAnterior headPosterior tailMostanimalsexhibitcephalization theconcentrationofsensoryandbrainstructuresintheanterior Animalswithcephalizationhaveahead GermLayers Germlayersarefundamentaltissuetypesfoundinallanimalsexceptsponges notruetissues EctodermMesodermEndoderm BodyCavities Mostanimalshaveafluidfilledspacethatformsbetweenthedigestivetractandtheouterwallofthebodyduringdevelopment ThisspaceisknownasaCOELOM Acoelomate withoutacoelom 2germlayersectodermandendodermnotseparatedbyacavityleastcomplexbodyplanspongesandcnidarians3layeracoelomate3germlayersendoderm mesodermandectodermnotseparatedbyacavityflatwormsPseudocoelomatepseudocoelomcavityformedbetweenmesodermandendodermroundwormsandrotifersCoelomatecavitydevelopedwithinthemesodermmostcomplexbodyplanmollusks annelids arthropods echinoderms andchordates AnimalDiversity Invertebrates10phy
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