Unit 5 Kicking the big car habit 改掉购买大型车的习惯.doc

Unit 5 Kicking the big car habit 改掉购买大型车的习惯kick a habit v. 戒除某习惯 Doctors shall try to persuade smokers to kick the habit. 医生应说服吸烟者戒烟。1. The commercial exploitation of crude oil has been among the most liberating technologies the world has ever known. 对原油的商业开采是世界上最具解放性的技术应用之一。2. When pumped through an internal combustion engine stuck in a metal box, refined oil has given freedom of movement to billions. 在被抽吸进固定在金属箱中的内燃发动机后，精炼油就赋予了几十亿人行动的自由。(1) exploit: vt. 开采; 开发 Many countries exploit oil under the sea. 许多国家在海底开采石油。利用 You should exploit this opportunity to go abroad. 你应该利用这机会到国外去。 We shall exploit our rich resource to expand the economy. 我们应该利用我们丰富的资源发展经济。exploitation: (1) the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful利用，开发 the exploitation of natural resources 自然资源的开发 Whole ecosystems can also be affected by over-exploitation. 整个生态系统也都被过度开采所影响。 The government has a monopoly of oil exploitation in that country. 在那个国家，政府独占石油开采权。(2) an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly) 剥削 This will help them shake off exploitation and control. 这会帮助他们摆脱剥削和控制。 He led the workers in fighting against oppression and exploitation. 他领导工人进行了反对压迫和剥削的斗争。(2) stick: (stuck) fix, force, or implant卡 The bus was stuck in the mud. 公共汽车陷在泥里动不了了。粘贴, 张贴 / stick a stamp on a letter 把邮票贴在信上stick to: 坚持 stick to a post 坚守岗位 stick to ones words 遵守诺言3. Before the automobile, the life experience of most of those who lived in the rich world were limited - as in much of the poor world they remain - to neighborhood and family. 在汽车发明前，多数富裕地区人们的生活如同多数贫穷地区的人们目前依旧未变的处境一样只局限于社区和家庭。4. When shot through gas turbines on wings, oil has shrunk the planet in a way that was once the stuff of science fiction. 而石油，在飞速通过飞机上的燃气轮机后，就象昔日科幻小说中描述的那样，让地球缩小了。shrink: (shrunk) vt. & vi. 收缩; 退缩，变小 The number of students of this school has shrunk. 这所学校的学生人数在减少。 The cloth shrinks in the wash. 这布一洗要缩水。5. Neither of my parents ever flew; both my children had flown 30,000 miles before they were 2 years old. 我的父母从未乘坐过飞机，而我的两个孩子2岁前就已经乘坐飞机飞越了30000英里。6. But on Sept. 11, 2001, the world was reminded that oil is also a dangerous drug. 但是2001年9月11日警醒了世人，人们认识到石油也是一种危险的毒品。7. The cheapest, most easily accessible oil reserves are in the Middle East, the most volatile region on earth. 世界上最廉价、最容易开采的石油储备位于中东，这是地球上最动荡不安的地区。(1) accessible：adj. 容易取得的, 容易达到的 Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 药物不应放在容易被小孩拿到的地方。 He is proud that his wife is accessible to reason. 他的妻子通情达理，为此他引以为豪。(2) volatile: adj. 易变的, 反复无常的, 易激动的 With the markets being so volatile, investments are at great risk. 由于市场那么变化不定, 投资冒着很大的风险。 The situation in that area is tense, dangerous and volatile. 该地区的局势紧张、危险，且有一触即发之势。8. Future supplies of oil will be costly not simply in terms of dollars and cents but also in their effect on the environment. 未来的石油供应代价会很高昂，这不仅体现在价格方面，更体现在其对环境的影响上。9. As those in poor countries dream of the same freedom of movement that the wealthy have enjoyed for a century, oils polluting effects will only get worse. 于贫穷国家的人们梦想像富人们一个世纪以来享受的那样行动自由，石油造成的污染影响只会更糟。10. The number of cars in Beijing, for example, is growing 15% a year, contributing to the yellow - gray haze that often envelops the city. 由比如北京的汽车数量正在以15写的速度递增，而这正是造成时常笼罩在北京上空的灰黄色烟雾的原因之一。envelop: vt. 包围, 笼罩, 包住 Smoke from the burning house enveloped the whole street. 燃烧着的房子冒出的浓烟笼罩了整条街。11. For all these reasons, it makes sense to dream of a world that is far, far less dependent on oil than it is now. 由于上述种种原因，期盼世界大大降低对石油的依赖性就很合理了。(1) make sense：(1) 讲得通, 有意义 This sentence doesnt make any sense. 这个句子没有意义。(2) 是明智的, 是合情合理的 It would make sense to leave early. 还是早点走好。(3) 理解, 懂得 Can you make sense out of what this book says? 你能理解这本书的内容吗?(2) be dependent on: 依赖于，取决于 All is dependent on your decision. 一切看你的决心而定。 The child is dependent on his parents for support. 这个小孩靠他的父母养活。 The countrys economy is dependent on tourism. 该国经济依赖於旅游业。12. Winning the Oil Endgame: American Innovation for Profits, Jobs and Security, written by a team led by Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass, Colo., is one of the best analyses of energy policy yet produced. 科罗拉多州斯诺迈斯市洛基山研究所的艾默里洛文斯领导的一个团队撰写的赢得石油残局:为盈利、就业和安全所做的美国革新一书是迄今为止最好的能源政策分析报告之一。innovation: n. (1) 改革, 革新, 创新 An enterprise should encourage innovation. 企业应鼓励创新。 The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller. 本世纪空中旅行的革新使世界似乎变小了。(2) 新观念, 新方法, 新发明 Farmers are introducing in novations which increase the productivity. 农民们正引进提高生产力的新方法。13. Lovins, who has been preaching the need for fuel efficiency for some 30 years, thinks big. 约30年来一直在倡导提高能源利用效率的洛文斯雄心勃勃。(1) preach劝诫; 说教 It is not the authors business to preach, but to give a real, historical picture of life. 作者的责任不在于说教, 而在于展现一幅真实的具有历史意义的生活画面。(2) think big：野心勃勃, 好高鹜远; 眼光放远些Was there ever a time when you didnt think big enough? 14. His aim is to promote a set of policies that over the next two decades would save half the oil the U.S. uses, before moving to a hydrogen-based economy that dispenses with oil altogether (save for possible use as a fuel to produce hydrogen). 他的目标是促使政府通过一系列政策，在经济发展转变为以氢能源为基础，彻底摆脱石油(除了可能用来生产氢)之前，在未来20年中使美国的石油消费量节省一半。(1) dispense: (1) 分发，分配 dispense food and clothing 分发食物和衣服 dispense a prize 发奖(2) 免除, 豁免(义务等) They dispensed her from obligation. 他们免除了她的义务。dispense with 省却, 免除, 废弃 / 无需, 没有.也行 I can dispense with this dictionary. 我没有这本词典也行。 We shall have to dispense with the car. 我们只好不使用汽车。 Its so warm today that I can dispense with an overcoat. 今天非常暖和，我不穿大衣也行。(2) altogether：adv. (1) 全部地, 完全地 The noise has altogether stopped. 吵闹声完全停止了。(2) 总共 Id like to have 100 sheets altogether. 我一共想要100张。(3) 总而言之 Altogether, our achievements are very great. 总而言之, 我们的成绩是很大的。15. If that seems hopelessly Utopian, Lovins reminds us that we have done something very like it before. 这看起来似乎过于空想，洛文斯则提醒说我们以前做过与此非常类似的事情。16. Spurred by the oil price shocks of the 1970s, the United States between 1977 and 1985 increased efficiency and cut oil consumption 17% (and net oil imports 50%) while the economy grew 27%.由于受到1970年代石油价格奴升的刺激，美国在1977到1985年间提高了石油利用效率，石油消耗量降低了17% (石油进口净额减少了50%)，而经济却增长了27%。spur: v. 激励 The girls loving care spurred his recovery. 姑娘的悉心照料使他康复得很快。 This success will only serve to spur her on. 这个成绩只会鼓舞她继续前进。激励因素; 刺激, 鞭策 International competition is a spur to modernization. 国际间的竞争是走向现代化的动力。17. The key to that revolution was a huge increase in average miles per gallon of the U.S. automobile fleet. 那次革命成功的关键在于美国汽车每加仑石油行驶里程的大幅增加。18. If we had continued to increase energy efficiency at the same rate, the stability of Iraq and Saudi Arabia would by now be of minor concern to the U.S. policymakers. Instead, we bought SUVS and wasted two decades.如果我们当时一直保持同样的比率提高能源利用效率，那么目前伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯的政治稳定状况就不会受到美国决策者们如此的重视了。然而，我们却去购用途车，结果浪费了20年。(1) at the rate of：以速度或比率 The train travels at the rate of 50 miles an hour. 那火车以每小时50英里的速度运行。(2) of concern to: 关注 These are issues of particular concern to Hong Kong. 这些都是香港特别关注的问题。 This is a question of great concern to us all. 这是大家很关心的问题。(3) SUV的英语全称为:Sports Utility Vehicle, 即“运动型多功能车”。19. Those SUVS are no joke. In the United States, where 70% of oil is used for transportation, any energy policy is necessarily also and automobile policy. 那些多用途车可不是闹着玩的。在美国，70%的石油用于交通运输，因此任何能源政策必然也就是汽车政策。20. The single key insight of Lovins report is to focus on the need to reduce the weight of cars (without sacrificing safety) by using advanced materials like carbon fiber and composites instead of heavy steel. 洛文斯报告最关键的见解在于侧重于通过利用碳化纤维和复合材料等高级材料替代笨重的钢材来降低汽车重量(同时不降低安全性)。(1) insight: n. 洞察力, 洞悉, 深刻的见解 He is a man of great insight. 他是个很有见识的人。 Good teachers have insight into the problems of students. 好教师能洞察学生的问题。Her novel shows her keen insight into human character. 她的小说显示出她对人性的敏锐洞察力。习惯用语 gain an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破 have an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破(2) composite: adj. 混合成的, 综合成的 The police artist made a composite picture of the murderer. 警察局的拼图师拼出了一幅谋杀罪犯的图片。 The play is a composite of reality and fiction. 该剧是现实与想象的合成。21. When powered by hybrid technologies that combine electricity with the internal - combustion engine, such light vehicles will produce enormous oil savings. 如果汽车靠结合电能和内燃机的复合技术驱动，那么这种轻型交通工具会节约大量燃油。22. Lovins proposes a nifty scheme, which would reduce the consumer price of such energy - efficient cars while increasing the price of gas guzzlers. 洛文斯提出了一个有效的“降低费用”方案，一经采用，该方案会降低节能汽车的燃油零售价格，而提高油耗高的汽车的燃油价格。nifty: adj. 极好的美俚俏皮的; 漂亮的; 时髦的 That is a nifty suit. 那是很漂亮的一身衣服。23. So far, Japanese firms, especially Toyota and Honda, have taken the lead in advanced automobile technology. 到目前为止，日本公司，尤其是丰田公司和本田公司，在先进的汽车技术方面一直处于领先位置。take the lead: 占主要地位, 领先, 带头 Japan has taken the lead in car production. 日本在汽车生产中居首位。24. The Japanese car industry, Lovins said to me last week, has uninhibited visionary leaders in a country which has no oil and is acutely aware of its oil dependence.洛文斯上周告诉我，日本的汽车业，“在一个没有石油、并且清醒意识到其对石油依赖性的国家里面，拥有富有远见的领导。”acutely：adv. 尖锐地, 剧烈地；敏锐，敏感 All the while I am acutely aware of her nearness. 我一直强烈地意识到她离我很近。 He must have felt acutely disappointed when his job went to another man, but he never said a word; he took it right on the chin. 他的工作落入他人之手时，他肯定极为伤心，但他从未吐露一言，忍受住了这次打击。25. If the U.S. automobile industry waits for years to see if lightweight fuel - efficient cars are more than a niche business, Lovins argues, it will one day discover that it has lost another market to overseas firms. 洛文斯认为，如果美国的汽车业等待几年来判断轻型低耗汽车是否适合发展，那么有一天它会发现外国公司已经占领了另一个市场。niche: 合适的位置工作等 You can then find your own niche in public life. 那样你就可以在社会生活中找到适合于你的位置。 He found the right niche for himself. 他发现了一个适合他的职位。26. There is a need too for political leadership. Lovins insists the studys recommendations require no major federal legislation.同时，政坛也需要有具有节能意识的领导人。洛文斯坚持说该项研究的建议“不需要重大联邦立法”。27. But at the very least, they need a Federal Government prepared to encourage states and localities to experiment with policies that increase energy efficiency. 但是至少也需要联邦政府做好准备鼓励各州各地区去试行提高能源利用效率的政策。28. All reports that promise an easy solution to a complex problem need to be taken with a degree of skepticism, and Winning the Oil Endgame is no exception. 对所有承诺轻松解决复杂问题的报告都需要抱以一丝怀疑态度，对赢得石油残局也不例外。29. The usual pork - barrel politics could quickly bog down some of the policy prescriptions in the book, like loan guarantees for the development of new energy - saving technologies. 就像给开发新型节能技术提供的贷款担保一样，惯常的拨款政治会使书中的一些政策建议迅速陷入困境。(1) pork barrel: government money spent on local projects in order to win votes(2) bog down：v. 陷入困境 This snowstorm will bog all the cars down in the field. 这场暴风雪将使所有的车辆都陷在田野里。 We were bogged down by overwork. 我们被过度的工作累倒了。(3) prescription: 处方, 药方 The physician made a prescription against sea-sickness for him. 医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。 The prescription has commercial value because it is secret. 该处方因其属于秘密而具有商业价值。 Can you make up this prescription for me, please? 请按此方给我配药好吗？30. But in a sensible presidential election, the recommendations of Winning the Oil Endgame would be discussed and debated from now through November. Dont hold your breath. 但如果我们的总统选举比较关注实际问题，那么从现在起到11月间，赢得石油残局中提出的建议应该会得到讨论。不要紧张。hold ones breath：屏住气 We held our breath in excitement. 我们激动地屏息凝神。 I can hold my breath for about one minute. 我可憋差不多一分钟的气。I. 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. CII. 1. Oil.2. The Middle East.3. Oils polluting effects will only get worse.4. The quick growth of the number of cars in Beijing.5. He has been preaching the need for fuel efficiency.6. The U.S. increased efficiency and cut oil