Unit 4：How the Rich Got Rich - and You Could Too.doc

Unit 4 How the Rich Got Richand You Could Too1. dent: (1) A depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow 凹痕 a dent in the side of a car. 在汽车一侧的凹痕(2) Informal A significant, usually diminishing effect or impression （负面的）重大的影响：明显的、通常逐渐减少的影响或印象 The loss put a dent in the teams confidence. 这失败给全队的信心投下了阴影。(3) Informal Meaningful progress; headway 进展：有意义的进步；向前的进步 at least made a dent in the work. 至少在这项工作上取得了一点儿进步vt. (1) 使凹, 使出现凹痕 (2) 削弱 dent sb.s influence 削弱某人的影响2. ring: To have a sound or character suggestive of a particular quality 听起来象 a story that rings true 故事听起来像是真实的3. pluck: n./v. 勇气 He showed a lot of pluck to leave a safe job and set up his own business. 他放弃了一份安定的工作而自己创业，表现出了极大的勇气。 He couldnt pluck up enough courage to ask her to go out with him. 他不能鼓起足够的勇气请她一起外出。 I shall have to pluck up courage and speak to her about it. 我得鼓起勇气跟她谈这件事. He cant pluck up the courage to leave home. 他鼓不起离开家的勇气.4. whiz: One who has remarkable skill 家, 奇才 a whiz at all sorts of games 各种游戏的能手 a whiz at mathematics 数学能手专家5. boot: v. 踢赶出; 轰走; 俚解雇(out) He has been quietly booted out as chief. 他己被悄悄地免掉主任的职务。n. the boot俚解雇They gave him the boot for coming late. 他们因他迟到而开除了他。6. haul: pull with effort or force 托运 They hauled the boat up the beach. 他们把船拖上岸。 After a good days fishing they hauled in the nets and went home. 他们捕了一天的鱼, 收起鱼网满载而归。7. hatch: think out and produce (a plot) 策划（计谋） hatch a plot 暗中搞阴谋 hatch an assassination plot 密谋暗杀计划8. franchise: Authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a companys goods or services in a certain area 特许经营权 He runs his sandwich chain as a franchise operation. 作为一种给予特许专营权业务，他经营三明治连锁店。 That fast food business has expanded through the sale of franchise. 该快餐店通过出售联营经销权而扩大了生意。9. shoestring: n./adj. A small sum of money; capital that is barely adequate小额资本 a company that started on a shoestring 以小本经营开始的公司 a shoestring budget 金额极小的预算 on a shoestring 美口以极少的资金或不用资金 Ive been living on a shoestring since my mother stopped sending me money. 我的母亲停止给我寄钱之后，我的日子过得非常寒酸。 He started his business on a shoestring. It took a lot of hard work and clever planning to build up it up to where it is today. 他的公司是小本经营开办起来的，经过不少的艰苦劳动和苦心规划，才发展到今天这个样子。10. frugal: adj. 节俭的 I had a frugal meal of bread and cheese last night. 我昨晚吃了只有面包和奶酪的便餐。 They lived a very frugal existence, avoiding all luxuries. 他们生活非常俭朴，力避奢侈。 As far as oil energy is concerned, we cannot be too frugal. 就石油能源而言，我们愈节省愈好。11. make for: contribute to, lead to 有利于，有助于 Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.12. attribute: consider as coming from 把归因于，归咎于 They attribute their success to their teachers encouragement. 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。 This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本通常认为是莎士比亚作的。13. go ahead: 开始, 前进, 领先 The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned. 新桥的修建将按计划进行。 The government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans. 政府拟推行私有化计划。 Tom is going ahead of me in class. I cannot catch him up. 汤姆在班上超过了我，我赶不上他。14. crawl with: be full of, covered with爬满了, 满是 The ground was crawling with ants. 地上满是蚂蚁。15. stretch back to: 回忆，回想 His memory stretches back to his early childhood. 他回想起自己的童年。16. hold on to: keep ones grip on抓住，掌握 He held on tight to the rope and began inching down the cliff. 他紧紧抓住绳子，开始慢慢地滑下峭壁。 The teacher said that if we believed something was true and good we should hold on to it. 老师说，假如我们认为某事是真而且善，就应该加以坚持。17. tinker with: 胡乱地修补 Dont tinker with my camera. 别乱动我的照相机。 Please dont tinker with my car engine. 请不要乱弄我的汽车发动机。17. make it: (1) to be successful 成功 He finally made it as an actor. 他最后成了一名成功的演员。(2) 达到预定目标, 及时抵达, 走完路程, (病痛等)好转 The train goes at10.15. I think we shall make it. 火车10点1刻开，我想我们能赶上。 With the strong wind he couldnt make it down the slippery cliff in the darkness. 风刮得很大，黑暗中他不能从很滑的悬崖上面下来。18. hit: (1) Informal To come upon or discover, especially by chance尤指偶然遇到或发现 finally hit the right exit 最终找到了正确的出口(2) Informal To attain or reach 获取或达到n. 成功 The record was a big hit and sold a million copies. 这张唱片非常成功，卖了一百万张。19. land: Informal To win; secure 获得；获取 land a big contract 签了一笔大合同20. decent: 有分寸的,得体的, 相当好的 It was decent of her to help the homeless. 她帮助无家可归的人，真是可敬。 He dreamed of living in decent conditions. 他梦想着过体面的生活。 Hes done the decent thing and resigned. 他做了件体面的事, 辞职了. The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备. That dress isnt decent. 那件连衣裙不够体面. The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. 没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的。Exercise I. 1. A 2. B. 3. A 4. D 5. CII. 1. Because it tells how these people made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.2. There werent as many old-money fortunes on last years list.3. Todays rich people often come from modest backgrounds and succeed through their own ways.4. They dropped out of school to start a business or devoted themselves to doing what they like.5. We can infer from the latest list that there are many ways to get rich these days.III. 1. A2. C3. D4. C5. D6. C7. A8. C9. A10. BIV. Translation1. Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.2. When three companies wanted to hire her, she knew that she had made it.3. The boy held on to the bush until someone climbed down the cliff to rescue him.4. Economists attributed the lack of progress to poor cooperation.5. At that time, it was still possible to land a decent job without a college education.6. The forecourt