Unit1整理(上外)新编英语教程 大一下.doc

Unit1Language Structurespresent perfect progressive 现在完成进行时Past Progressive过去进行时Past Perfect Progressive过去完成进行时I. Grammar1. The present perfect progressive indicating a finished action.构成形式: have/has been doing表达意义: 现在完成进行时大多表示动作开始于过去某一点, 一直延续到现在,还要延续下去, 表示未完成。 但有时也可表示完成。e.g.I have been writing letters for an hour. (I have still got some more to do.)我写信写了一个小时了。（也许还要写下去）You are sweating all over. What have you been doing? I have been playing football the whole morning. 你浑身都是汗，你一直在做什么？我这一上午都在踢球。（刚刚踢完）Comparison:1. 对于大多数延续性动词，现在完成进行时表示未完成，现在完成时一般指某一动作开始于过去，到现在结束，表示完成。e.g. I have written three letters. 我已经写了三封信。2. 对于一些延续性动词，现在完成时与现在完成进行时意义相同。如：study, live, stay, work, teach, etc.e.g. How long have you been studying English? How long have you studied English?2. The past progressive indicating a circumstance and the simple past indicating a past event.构成形式：本单元复习过去进行时在be doingwhen句型中的用法。表达意义：这个句子是过去进行时的一种表达方式，表示当某事正在进行时另一件事情突然发生了，“when”含有 “突然”的意思。译成汉语时，把前一句译成“当的时候”。e.g. I was swimming in the river when I heard a boy shouting for help.这句话也可以用while连接。While I was swimming in the river, I heard a boy shouting for help.Note: 句中while 和when 所处的位置不同。3. The past perfect progressive构成形式：had been doing表达意义：这个时态的意义与现在完成时基本相似，只是把时间推移到了过去。过去完成进行时的动作与时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表现，也可以通过上下文来表达。e.g. I was tired when you saw me yesterday because I had been running. 你昨天看见我的时候，我很累，因为我一直在跑。At last he got the letter he had been expecting.最后他终于收到了一直盼望的信。QuizTranslate the following sentences into English.1 这些天我一直在复习新编英语教程第一册，到现在还没有看完一半。I have been going over the New English Course Book One, but I havent covered half of it.2 天下雨时，我已经在车站呆了10分钟了。When it began to rain, I had been waiting for ten minutes at the bus stop.Quiz3 我想问问你是否能帮我一个小忙。（wonder)I was wondering if I might ask you a small favor.4 我在河里游泳时，脚突然抽筋儿了。I was swimming in the river when I got cramp in my leg.Words and Expressions in Language Structurespeel. v. remove the skin of fruit and vegetables.-Be careful not to peel away too much of the potato.Word family: peeler. n. 削皮机 peelings. n. 土豆(苹果)皮out of breath: short of breath/breathless-His heart condition makes him out of breathgnaw. v. bite steadily at sth. cause sb./sth. Continual distress.-The little boy was gnawing (at) his fingernails-Fear and anxiety was gnawing at my heart.cramp. n/v. a sudden severely painful tightening in a muscle which limits movement, often as a result of extreme exercise.massage. v. to rub, press or hit (someones body) with regular repeated movements, esp. in order to relax them or to reduce stiffness or pain in their joints or muscles.limp. v. walk unevenly and slowly because of sth. wrong with the foot.-The injured footballer limped away.word family: lame. a. 瘸的, 跛的Language Structures1.排队看电影 （排队干）2.我想知道，你能不能帮我个小忙。3. 杰克气喘吁吁地。4. likely 和 possible 在用法上的区别？5. 她已经缺课两个月了。6. 时间不长7. rush forward to see if anything could be done8. 牙齿断了9. 咬鸡骨头10. 吃止疼药11. 左腿扭了12. 从水里面出来，按摩腿部13. 刮胡子14. 把血迹擦掉15. apply a sticking plaster16. 从车上摔了下来17. Hurry to the factory by bike18. Limp to the factory while pushing the bike along19. Feature film20. Showing for about ten minutes21. 报告厅22. Going on for a quarter of an hour23. 剧场24. 根据该部分的例句，请简单总结用英语表达 “已经开始一个小时了”的表达法。能说 “have/has started/begun for one hour”吗？25. How long had it been showing?26. 梯子27. motor-scooter28. Portable typewriter29. Id be most grateful if you could30. 真遗憾31. Ill ask someone else then.Dialogue 11. You are all in tears2. hold back: control e.g. She just managed to hold back her anger3. cant help doing Mary is reading the novel David Copperfield. She cant help wiping away tears from time to time. 4. emotional adj.5. well-being n. state of being healthy, happy e.g. A hard-working man always has a sense of (physical/spiritual) well-being6. slanderously adv. falsely making statement intended to damage ones reputation Word family: slander n. & v. 诽谤 slanderer n. 诽谤者 slanderous a. 诽谤的 句型结构：bring an act on/against sb. for slander 控告某人犯有诽谤罪 7. visualize v. bring sth. as a picture before mind e.g. I know it is somewhere off Silver Street, but I just can not visualize where it is. 请查词典找两个关于visualize的例句，要求例句尽量简单、生活化、朗朗上口、容易记忆。 Word family: visual a. 视力的, 视觉的; visually ad. 看得见地 visualization n. 可见性8. disheartening a. discouraging e.g. We have never expected such disheartening news at the time of critical moment. Word family: dishearten v. 使人泄气9. participate in take part in e.g. Did you participate in the activities that were on offer at the hotel? Word family: participant n. 参加者 participation n. 参加10. it was not untilthat 11. donate v. give without anything in exchange e.g. The appeal for people to donate blood was very successful. Word family: donation n. 捐献; donator n. 捐献者; donative n/a. 捐献物, 捐献的12. whatsoever ad. whatever. used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed. 无论怎样, 丝毫的, 任何的. (放在否定句后, 用来加强语气)13. drop out withdraw (from an activity, contest) e.g. After his defeat, he dropped out of politics.14. hasty a. hurried e.g. I think perhaps we were a little hasty in judging him. Word family: haste n. 轻率; hastily ad. 轻率地 e.g. More haste, less speed. Haste makes waste Comparison: haste hurryhaste 不可数, “匆忙, 急速, 草率.” 常用来指在有计划和有秩序中的 “迅速”, “紧急”, 常用 in haste 表示 “匆忙,赶快”之意.hurry 不可数, “匆忙, 慌忙”. 常用 in a hurry 短语表示 “匆忙, 立即” 之意. 含有更强烈的意思, 表示混乱, 焦急和忙乱的意思.e.g. He went off in haste. I forgot to pay the bill in my hurry.15. live on: have sth. as ones food; depend on sth. for financial support.-His wage wont be enough to live on if they have another child.-In the year of drought, they had nothing but grass roots to live on.16. near-starvationnear: a. almost a near miss/escape 死里逃生 a near disaster 几乎是一场灾难 a near tragedy 几乎是一场悲剧 in the near future 不久的将来17. starvation: n. suffering or death caused by lack of food Word family: starve. V Collection: a starvation diet 减肥餐 a near-starvation diet 几乎挨饿1.I was so happy that I could hardly hold back my tears.2.Our Chinese athletes are doing so well for the country.3.These medals have brought back my memories.4.While I was watching, I couldnt help calling the days when I was their age.5.I know you were once an athlete on a national track and field team.6Well, its a long story.7.I dont know where to start.8.I can tell you that every time I watch our athletes win an international sports event, I get very emotional.9.The country was in the midst of years of war and the government paid little attention to the well-being of the people.10.We were slanderously nicknamed “the sick men of East Asia”.11. The memories are painful and disheartening.12. good enough to qualify for 13. It was not until the last minute that a patriotic general donated enough money to finance the trip for the two runners and their coach. (有关patriotic的其他词性？Finance的用法？)14.What happened to the other one?15.He was detained by the occupying Japanese soldiers for no reason whatsoever.16.Thats outrageous!17.He dropped out in the middle of the race due to hasty training.18.They were so short of funds they were forced to live on a near-starvation diet.19.Their efforts came to nothing.20.Thats really a shame!21.I find it hard to hold back my tears.22.This is a time of change, a change for the better.23.Were a strong oriental dragon now.Outline for reference:Grandpa tells Linlin:-the reason why he was so emotional after watching the Olympic Games-what happened to the Chinese athletes when he was young, and-Chinas participation the 1932, 1936 and 1948 Olympic Games.Role-play1.She learned to do taijiquan, a Chinese traditional exercise.2. Be keen on taijiquan3. Be in better health.4. Be assigned to 5. Please feel free to ask me any questions concerning6. To watch closely my teachers precise and controlled movements.7. Be careful with8. It was difficult to in the proper way.Dialogue IINew words and expressions1. tablet n. small measured amount of medicine compressed into solid formcomparison: pill medicine drug tablet remedypill 做 “药丸”讲,pill 和 tablet 可以互换,但pill 还可以指 “避孕 药”。如 “on a pill” 吃避孕药。安眠药可以说a sleeping pill.medicine 有时可以和drug互换。但该词除指治疗疾病的具体药物，尤其是内服药以外，还可以引申指对健康有益的其他治疗方法。有时还喻指应受的惩罚。drug 广义上指任何用于治疗目的的药物。也可指制药用的药材。狭义指麻醉剂，尤其指能使人上瘾的毒品。tablet 药片， 安眠药也可以说成 a sleeping tabletremedy 药。多用于借喻中，指有利于健康的方式等。e.g. My mother swallows a whole load of pills every morning . 我妈妈每天早上吃一把药。Sunshine and rest are good medicine for convalescents. 日光和休息是帮助病人恢复健康的良药。He has developed an addiction to drug.他养成了吸毒的坏习惯。Ive taken two tablets but my headache still hasnt gone. 我已服了两片药，但我的头痛还没有好。The best remedy for overweight is careful dieting. 减肥的最好方法是注意节食。下面几页是关于Dialogue II部分内容的一些问题，需要在课堂上进行讨论和提问，请大家提前做好准备。Dialogue II1.Make a request2.help me get the washing in, please?3.to respond favorably to a request.4.I have to leave for work in 5 minutes.5.how to offer to do something.6.how to accept the offer.7.I can manage.8.but thank you all the same.9.its very kind of you, but I can manage.10. 珍妮因为流感卧病在床。11. hello, how are you feeling?12. 还好了，不算太糟.13. He gave me some tablets to reduce my temperature.14. 不，现在不需要。15. Everyone at work send you their regards.16. Peter said hurry up and get better.17. Oh, thats typical.复习be typical of 和be characterized with 在意思上和用法上的异同点。18. Everything falls apart when Im ill.19. -Would you mind buying some fruit for me? - No, of course not.20. Id be very grateful21. What about this pile of letters here.22. Would you like me to 如何用中文贴切翻译这句？23. Its not that important, so it can wait another day.24. Ill drop in and see you tomorrow then.25. Try to ask and answer in as many different ways as possible.26. move into my new flat27. Take my little sister to the clinic.28. Im too ill to go out.29. Help me with my homework30. Move the wardrobe.31. To lift heavy weights.32. Take turns to .33. Kindness is ever the begetter of kindness.Reading I1.intercollegiate a. existing or done between collegese.g. There is an annual intercollegiate football match in Beijing.word family: international, intercity, intergroup, collegiate. a. 学院的e.g. Oxford is a collegiate university. 牛津大学是由学院组成的大学。2. luxurious a. very comfortableword family: luxury n.奢侈；luxuriate v. 享受某事物。e.g. A cat is luxuriating in the sunshine. 一只猫正在享受温暖的阳光。3. tremor n. a slight shaking movement in a persons body, esp. because of nervousness or excitement, or a slight earthquake. 战栗, 地震过后的小震.4. have the reputation for: how much sb. is liked e.g. The company has a worldwide reputation for quality. 这家公司在质量方面享有全球的声誉.5. deserve v. to have earned or to be given sth. because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have.learning by translation:-If someone says that you deserve a medal, they mean that they admire you for something you have done.-If you say that someone deserves whatever/everything they get, you mean that they should have to suffer the results of their bad behavior.- “One good turn deserves another” means if someone does something to help you, you should do something to help them.如何翻译这句谚语？ “One good turn deserves another” 6. hurl v. to throw sth. violently.7. visor n. a movable part of a helmet which can be lowered to cover the face, or a curved piece of stiff material which is worn above the eyes to give protection from strong light from the sun. 面甲, 面罩; 帽舌 8. pad v. dd -If you pad something, you put pieces of soft thick cloth in it to make it soft, give it a different shape or protect what is inside.-If you pad (out) a speech or piece of writing, you add unnecessary words or information to make it longer and often to hide the fact that you are not saying anything very important.9. jersey and a pair of shorts.10. tackle v. seize (the ball)抓球摔倒, 挡住对方球员.n. act of tackling 阻截。e.g. -He was tackled just outside the penalty area.他恰好在罚球区外让对方把球截过去了。-Brilliantly avoiding a series of tackles he reached the box and scored a good.巧妙地躲过一连串阻截后，他跑到罚球区，踢进一球。11. be addicted to be given to e.g. He has been addicted to smoking at the age of 14. 他14岁就对烟上了瘾.word family: addict n. 上瘾的人 addiction n. 瘾,嗜好 addictive a. 使人上瘾的12. take up sth. enter upon (a business, a profession) e.g. He took up blacksmithing like his father. 他象父亲一样也做起铁匠生意来了. follow ones lead/example do as sb. else has done. e.g. I dont want you to follow my example and rush into marriage. 我不希望你效仿我, 也仓促结婚.13. gain in : obtain moree.g. -Nowadays, girls like to gain in beauty, height, strength, but not weight. 当今姑娘们喜欢自己更加美丽,更高,更强, 但不要更重。-We can gain in self-confidence, influence, knowledge and understanding in the social activities. 参加社会活动可以增加自信心, 扩大影响,增长知识以及懂得体谅别人。14. novel a. strange, new and originale.g. We need to find a novel approach to our advertising. 我们要找一个新颖的做广告的方法。world family: novelty n. 新颖15. spectator: n. onlooker word family: spectate v. 观看 spectacles n. 眼镜 e.g. Because of injury, he will just be spectating at todays game instead of playing. 因为受伤，他只能观看比赛而不能上场。 comparison: spectator audienceaudience: 指“听的人”，通常指出席诸如音乐会，演讲会，听课或收听广播的人，故常译为“听众”。但有些娱乐活动，在听的同时也离不开看，因而看剧，看电视电影的人也用audience表示。常译为“观众”spectator: 指“看的人”， 如看体育比赛，展览的人。参加非“听”之娱乐活动的人，又指“旁观者”，“参观者” e.g. -A broadcast speaker may have an audience of several million广播员可能有几百万的听众。 -The soccer match drew 50,000 spectators.那场足球赛吸引了几百万的观众。audience 与spectator后面都可以接，意思为 “的（观）听众”e.g.-The audience at a concert were delighted with his performance.参加音乐会的人对他的演出非常满意。 -The stadium was packed with thousands of cheering spectators at a football game.体育场里挤满了成千上万热烈欢呼的看足球比赛的观众。Note: spectator是个体名词, audience是集体名词.16. lot: n. a piece of land. e.g.-They are planning to build a house on a vacant lot on 35th Street.-Your car is only allowed on a parking lot.Not to be confused with the football called soccer.It developed fromIt excites tremendous enthusiasm.Intercollegiate games are great social occasions.Students and football fans from the general public crowd into the huge, luxurious stadiums.Earthquake tremors.7. 根据该段内容，能否画个简图，简单讲解下球员如何得分？8. But that is where the likeness the two games ends.9. This reputation is not really deserved.10.The players hurl themselves at each other fiercely.11. Be fitted with visors to12. Skillfully padded13. By comparison, .14. The Americans are addicted to crazes.15. When they take something up, they do so wholeheartedly, and often the rest of the world follows their lead.16. Soccer is spreading like wildfire through all the States and gaining in popularity on baseball.17. They are employing famous fashion designers to design novel uniforms for the players.18. Most important, 19. At enormous expense20. Draw crowds of 21. the vast majority of22. Soccer is being brilliantly promoted, like any other promising American product.Reading IIWhere and when were the first Olympic games held?2. When the first games was held, who was not allowed to run in the race?3. According to the passage, what games do the teams play?Guided Writing1.While they were driving along breezily, they passed a farmer on a mule.2.The young men left him behind in a cloud of dust.3.Further on he saw their car in a ditch.4.They were ashamed of themselves for having been rude to the farmer.5.They asked him to help them pull their car out of the ditch. 6. Before, football games could sometimes be brutal and dangerous.7. High tech has much to do with the materials and the positioning of the padding of the uniforms of the football player.8. commander-in-chief9. The X Volleyball Team has had its glorious days.10. The coach and the players have to try to do their utmost to regain the World Championship in the not too distant future.11. Imagine, there are already t