初中英语习惯用法大全.doc

初中英语习惯用法大全重要的短语、句型和惯用法（一） 1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为.作准备 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入，收集 get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物 get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，.进展顺利 2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴 have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of). 喝一杯. have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have.for lunch 午饭吃. have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B take sth. by mistake 错拿某物 4. make friends with 与.交朋友 make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a.sound 发.音 make tea 沏茶 make room for. 为.找出空间 make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队 eg.Lets make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词at 5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉. turn sth. up/down 把.音量开大/小 注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间 6. try sth. on 试穿（衣、鞋、帽） 注意：当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试 try ones best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do ones best to do sth. 7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射 8. hear from sb 收到.的来信 hear of 听说 9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去 hurry up 赶快 10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海 eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 11. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学 12.到.末为止bytheendof+过去时间（用于过去完成时）bytheendof+将来时间（用于一般将来时）attheendof+地点在.尽头intheend=atlast最后，终于13.hundredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上万的millionsof成百万的14.bepleasedtodosth很高兴地干某事bepleasedwithsth.为某事而高兴15.beusedfor被用来beusedas被当作beusedby被.所使用16.sofar到目前为止，用于现在完成时17.onaTuesdaymorning一个星期二的早上onthemorningofJune15th.1998在1998年6月15日早上18.keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直干某事keepdoingsth.继续做某事keepondoingsth.持续不断地做某事19.muchtoo+形容词副词原级实在太.toomuch+不可数名词相当多的.eg.Its_expensive.Icantbuyit.Theres_rainthisyear.20.thanksto.由于，多亏thankstooneshelp=becauseofoneshelp由于某人的帮忙thanksforoneshelp谢谢某人的帮助21.befarawayfromaplace/sb远离某地22.wearout穿坏、穿旧、用尽常用于被动语态。其P.P为wornsellout售完卖完23.two-monthholiday=twomonthsholiday二个月的假期24.fallasleep入睡（进入状态）gettosleep入睡（还没睡着）25.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人干某事eg.Shestoppedthechildfromlistening.stopdoingsth.停止干某事，不再干某事stoptodosth.停止下来干另一件事。26.hardlyany+n.几乎没有.27.quitea/an+形容词名词一个相当.eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.avery形容词+名词eg.Englishisaveryusefullanguage.28.beafraidof+名词害怕.beafraidto+动词担心、害怕.beafraidthat+从句恐怕.29.so+形容词sostrongsobeautifulsuch+形容词+名词(复数或不可数)suchbeautifulpicturessuchnicesmellsuch+a/an+形容词+名词（单数）suchaninterestingstory30.feellikedoing想干某事31.bemade/grown/produced三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”归类:机器一类make(制造)盐.糖.丝绸produce(经机器加工生产)农作物、水果grow(人工种出来的)32.finishdoingsth.做完某事bebusydoingsth.忙于干某事goondoingsth.继续干某事bealwaysdoing老是干某事33.hopetodosth.希望干某事.hopethat.希望某人干某事,不可用hopesb.todosth.34.insurprise惊奇地（作状语）besurprisedatsb.对某人的举动感到诧异besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶35.nospace(room)tostandin没有站的地方、空间36.beangrywithsb.生某人的气agreewithsb.同意某人的观点withoneshelp在某人的帮助下选择题：1.Theyarrived_London_acoldwinternight.A.at,inB.in,onC.at,onD.in,at2.Itsrathercoldtoday.Youdbetter_moreclothesbeforeyougoout.A.putonB.wearC.toputonD.towear3.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_arest?A.stoptakingB.stoptotakeC.tostoptakingD.tostoptotake4._,IvecaughtupwithmyclassmatesinmyEnglishstudies.A.UnderhishelpB.WithhishelpC.UnderthehelpofhimD.Withthehelpofhim5.Mothertoldme_inthesun.A.notreadB.dontreadC.readnotD.nottoread6.WatchingTV_isbadforyoureyes.A.muchtooB.manytooC.toomuchD.toomany7.Thoseforeignvisitors_ourcitythedaybeforeyesterday.A.arrivedB.reachedC.reachedtoD.gotin8.Sheaskedmetohelpher_herChinese.A.atB.withC.forD.on9.Look_thewordsinthedictionarywhenyoudontknow_theymean.A.up,whatB.up,thatC.for,thatD.for,what10.Oneafteranother,threeofthem_.A.fellasleepB.gottoasleepC.wenttoasleepD.weresleeping完成句子：1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？Doyou_drinkingaglassoforange?2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。Wehavenever_XiaoYangsincehe_schoolforthelasttime.3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。PeoplestartedtobuildtheGreatGreenWall_itcouldstopthewindfrom_theearthaway.4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？WeiHua_you_hisbrother,didntshe?思考题：1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目Man-madesatellitescanbe_for_TVandradioprogrammestoforeigncountries.2.多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。_totheGreatGreenWall,theycangrowalot_cottonthanbefore.3.学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。Thestudentsmakefriends_oneanotherandusually_well.4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。Theshopkeepersaidthewoolensweaters_yoursizewere_.重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）1.Therebe结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。c.Thereisarivernearourschool.否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.问：Istherearivernearourschool.回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisnt.划Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?Whatsnearourschool?d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobee.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?Thereisgoingto_afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.playTheyweresurethattheyweregoingto_arest.A.beB.haveC.beonD.on2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)主语，表示某人也不。eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.3.Its+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。Itstwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and(那么).eg.Gostraightonandyoullseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,youllseeaschool.5.祈使句+or.否则.eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.=Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindtheother6.The+比较级.，the+比较级.越.越.eg.Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryoullbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)8.What.dowith.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.?虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?B:Ivejustreturnedittothelibrary.9.Idontknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？Idontknowhowtodo.10.What.belike?.是什么样的？eg.Whatstheweatherlike?天气如何？Whatsyourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？11.What.for?为何目的？为什么？eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?12.oneof+最高级复数最.之一eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.13.findit+形容词+todoeg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)14.Idontthink+肯定句我想.不eg.IdontthinkIlltakeit.(我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.Youdbettercatchatrain.Youdbetternottalkinclass.Youdbetternotbelatefortheclass.17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱,pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿21.too形容词(副词)+to太而不能太以致于不eg.Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。so.that如此.以致于.上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that引导的句子转换。ThebasketissoheavythatIcantcarryit.ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecantaffordit.22.Whatsthepopulationof.?.人口有多少？不说Howmuchpopulationin.?形容人口数量的大用largeeg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA23.Ivecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What24.not.until(连词)方才，才eg.Hesaysthathewontbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。肯定句until到eg.Youdbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)25.neither.nor.既不.也不.either.or.或者.或者.eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospellthewordhundred.Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)both.and.两者都.eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)练习题：1.-WhereisMary?-Oh,she_thelibrory.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneto2.Heknewlittleaboutthefilm_hesawityesterdayevening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because3.I_changehismind.Dontworry,Hellsurelycometogetit.A.thinkhewontB.thinkhewillC.dontthinkhewontD.dontthinkhewill4.-_doyou_theTVplay?-Notbad,Ithink.A.How;thinkofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5.I_haveagoodtime_theparty.A.hopeyouwill;atB.likeyou;onC.hopeyoutoinD.wantyouthat;from完成句子：1.中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。_thepopulationofChina?Itsabout_oftheworldspopulation.2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。Thedoorbell_untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and_I.4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。_morethantenyears_MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有.Thebuswas_crowdedthattherewashardly_standingroominit.思考题：1、做饭花了她半个小时。It_halfanhour_someco