it,that,one代词用法.doc

it,one,that作代词时候的用法2008-12-08 18:48分类：高考英语复习 字号： 大大 中中 小小 可数单数用one替，ones替代复数词。不定冠词后加one，one前一般有定语。替代若系本身物，it 替单 they 代复。比较句中替代词，不可数名词that替。最高级及序数词后，替代词常常被略去。复数名词替代词，ones 与 those 均用之，特指 ones 加定冠，those 之前无冠词。One(s) 的定语多在前，those 的定语必后置。替代是一种避免重复、连接上下文的语法手段。这种用法的特点是用替代词来替换上下文中的特定词语或语句。一、替代词one的用法1.用作替代词时，表示泛指，既可指人，也可指物，常用来代替上文出现过的单数名词,以免重复。所指的人或物属于同类事物中不同的一个，即替代的是一个带不定冠词的可数名词的单数形式。如：I have a dictionary. Do you have one?(one = a dictionary)I have lost my old watch， this is a new one.(one my old watch)2.当one被定语修饰，而仍是泛指时，前面应加不定冠词a / an。如：I have two story books, a thick one and a thin one.Your question is a very difficult one.3.当one被定语修饰，表示特指时，前面应加定冠词the。如：Which sweater would you like better, the red one or the yellow one?The red one.4.当one带有定冠词the时表特指。如：The girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.( the one = the girl)注意：这里不能用that，因为that不可替代表示人的名词，而one却可以。The dictionary of yours is different from that of mine.(that = the dictionary = the one)5.one的复数形式是ones ，有时ones前往往带有定语，否则就用some。如：He doesnt like red skirts. He likes white ones.I dont like this hat，show me the other ones (some others).6. one替代的是带不定冠词的名词，并不是指它前面出现的名词一定带有不定冠词，而是指它本身所在的位置上所替代的那个名词一定是带不定冠词的名词。如：The clean bowls are in the cupboardif you need one. (one替代的是a clean bowl)All the other boys have history books and they will catch up with me if I dont get one.( one 替代的是a history book )7.在某些情况下可不用替代词one。如：I wont go in your car. Ill use my own.Of all the runners my brother was the fastest.I have only one bike but you have two.二、替代词that的用法1.that作代词时表示特指，指代前面提到过的那类事物，即替代带定冠词的名词，既可用来替代可数名词的单数形式，也可用来替代不可数名词。如：His seat was next to that of mine.( that = the seat = the one )I have quite a lot of homework to do. I must finish that first.(that = quite a lot of homework to do,不能用the one替代，因为one替代的是可数名词的单数形式，而这里的homework为不可数名词)2.that替代的是the+名词，one替代的是a / an+名词。3.当前文中的名词为可数名词表示事物时，是使用that还是one来替代，取决于它们所在位置上是该使用带定冠词的名词还是使用带不定冠词的名词。在前一种情况下使用that，在后一种情况下使用one。如：The book on the desk is newer than that on the shelf.(that on the shelf 所替代的实际上是the book on the shelf，而不是a book on the shelf)。Im looking for a house. Id like one with a garden. (one = a house)4.that不可替代表示人的名词，而one却可以。5.that只能带后置定语，it则没有修饰语，而one既可带后置修饰语，也可带前置修饰语。如：The water in wells is cleaner than that in rivers.Your plan is a good one on paper.6.在比较状语从句中，两个相比较的成分必须对等。如果相比较的成分是名词，则后一比较项目中的名词可以用that（用来替代与前文同类的不可数名词）或those（替代与前文同类的复数可数名词）来替代。而在汉语比较句中，可以省略后一比较项相同的词语。如：The weather today is colder than that yesterday.（句中that代替the weather，在这里不能用it代替，也不能用the one代替，因为weather是不可数名词）还可以表示为：The weather today is colder than that it was yesterday.The things in a street market are cheaper than those in a supermarket.(其中those不能用them代替，用those代替可数名词的复数是特指，可用the ones代替)还可表示为：The things in a street market are cheaper than they are in a supermarket.三、替代词it的用法1.it用来代替前面带有限定词（表示特指）的名词（有时该名词无限定词），是明确地指上文所提到那个事物（一般指物，不指人），即前面出现的名词或名词短语所表达的那个事物，用于替代可数名词单数形式或不可数名词。如：I have 50. My uncle gave it to me last week.(it =50)2.说话者不清楚或没有必要知道说话对象的性别时，有时用it代替小孩和婴儿。(child 和baby本身是个通性名词。在科技文章中可以不区分他们的性别，而用it替代，以避免使用he or she)。如：Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?3.it的复数是they（主格）或them（宾格），代表已经提到过的