WHO 中医术语标准 西太平洋地区.doc

CodeTerm ChineseDefinition/DescriptionP 47 1.7.0 Mechanism of Disease1.7.1mechanism of disease病机the mechanism by which disease arises and develops, the same as pathogenesis1.7.2theory of mechanism of disease病机学说the theory that deals with the mechanism by which disease arises and develops1.7.3location of disease病位the part of the body affected by a disease1.7.4nature of disease病性the heat, cold, excess or deficency quality of a disease1.7.5disease pattern病证summarization of the cause, nature and location of the pathological change at a certain stages of disease1.7.6struggle between the heathy qi and pathogenic qi正邪相争the basic mechanism of disease in which any disease is considered as the process of struggle between the heathy qi and pathogenic qi1.7.7exuberance and debilitation of the heathy qi or pathogenic qi邪正盛衰；邪正消长the key factor that determines the process of disease and prognosis, namely, rise of the healthy qi with decline of pathogenic qi leading to improvement and cure, while exuberance of the pathogenic qi with debilitation of the heathy qi resulting in deterioration and even death1.7.8sudden onset猝发the rapid appearance of symptoms after contraction1.7.9.gradual onset徐发the gragual appearance of symptoms after contraction1.7.10taxation relapse劳复relapse of disease due to over-fatigue1.7.11relapse due to dietary irregularity食复relapse of disease due to improper diet1.7.12sexual taxation relapse女劳复relapse of didease due to intemperance in sexual activity1.7.13dissociation of yin and yang阴阳离决divorce of yin and yang, indicating the end of lifeP481.7.14yin-yang disharmony阴阳失调；阴阳不和a general term for all kinds of pathological changes due to imbalance and incoordination of yin and yang1.7.15abnomal exuberance of yin and yang阴阳偏盛any pathological change marked by yin or yang higher than the normal level due to yin pathogens or yang pathogens1.7.16abnomal debilitation of yin and yang阴阳偏衰any pathological change marked by yin or yang lower than the normal level due to deficiency of yin or yang of the human body1.7.17spontaneous harmonization of yin and yang阴阳自和spontaneous recovery from imbalance of yin and yang by its own natural regulatory function, also known as spontaneous of yin-yang equilibrium1.7.18damage to yang伤阳a general term for various kinds of pathological changes marked by imparment of yang qi1.7.19damage to yin伤阴a general term for various kinds of pathological changes marked by consumption of yin qi1.7.20detriment to yang affects yin阳损及阴a pathological change in which weakness of yang qi impedes the generation of yin, resulting in deficiency of both yin and yang with a preponderance of yang deficiency1.7.21detriment to yin affects yang阴损及阳a pathological change in which consumption of yin weakens yang qi, resulting in deficiency of both yin and yang with a preponderance of yin deficiency1.7.22yin deficiency阴虚a pathological change marked by deficiency of yin with disminished moistening, calming, downbearing and yang-inhibiting function, leading to relative hyperactivity of yang qi; in Kampo medicine, “yin” and “deficiency” are independently understood 1.7.23yin deficiency with internal heat阴虚内热insufficient yin failing to counterbalance yang, causing deficiency-heat to arise internally1.7.24yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity阴虚阳亢insufficient essence, blood and fluid failing to restrain yang, causing increased activity of yang1.7.25yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴虚火旺insufficient yin failng to restrain yang, causing exuberant fire of deficiency typeP481.7.26deficiency fire虚火consumption of yin fluid failing to restrain yang fire; giving rise to fire of the deficiency type1.7.27deficiency fire flaming upward虚火上炎a pathological change occuring in yin deficiency which is unable to inhibit yang, causing upflaming of the deficiency fire1. 7.28frenetic stirring of the ministerial fire相火妄动deficiency of liver-kidney yin leading to hyperactivity and upsurge of ministerial fire1.7.29yin exuberance阴盛a pathological state in which yin pathogen is exuberant while the healthy qi has not been damaged, giving rise to an excess-cold syndrome, the same as yin excess1.7.30yin exuberance with yang debilitation阴盛阳衰exuberant yin cold with resultant debilitationof yang qi, the same as yin excess with yang deficiency1.7.31yang deficiency阳虚a pathological state characterized by deficiency of bodys yang qi that leads to diminished functions, decreased metabolic activities, reduced body reactions as well as deficiency-cold manifestations; in Kampo medicine, “yang” and “excess” are independently understood1.7.32yang deficiency with yin exuberance 阳虚阴盛insufficient yang failing to counterbalance yin, resulting in relative exuberance of yin, the same as yang deficiency with yin excess1.7.33yang exuberance阳盛a pathological state in which yang is exuberant while yin has not been debilitated, giving rise to an excess-heat sydrome, the same as yang excess 1.7.34yang exuberance with yin debilitation阳盛阴衰a pathological state characterized by simultaneous presence of exuberance of yang and debilitation of yin, also the same as yang excess with yin deficiency1.7.35.yin-yang repusion阴阳格拒a serious pathological state in which extremely excessive yin in the interior forces the asthenic yang to spread outward or extremely exuberant yang in the interior keeps insufficient yin on the outside, forming pseudo-heat or pseudo-cold phenomena1.7.36exuberant yin repelling yang阴盛格阳；格阳a pathological state in which extremely excessive yin entrenched in the exterior forces the asthenic yang to float on the body surface , leading to pseudo-heat symptoms, the same as excessive yin repelling yang, and also known as repelled yangP491.7.37excuberant yangrepelling yin阳盛格阴；格阴a pathological state in which extremely exuberant yang trapped in the interior keeps insufficient yin in the exterior, leading to pseudo-cold symptoms, the same as excessive yang repelling yin, and also known as repelled yin1.7.38upcast yang戴阳a pathological state characterized by exuberant yin cold in the lower part of the body which forces the asthenic yang to stay at the upper surface of the body1.7.39dual deficiency of yin yang阴阳两虚a pathological state characterized by deficiency of both yin and yang1.7.40deficiency yang floating upward虚阳上浮；孤阳上越a pathological change in which consumption of essence and blood deprives yang of its base, causing yang to float at the upper surface1.7.41yin collapse亡阴；脱阴；阴托a pathological change caused by sudden massive loss of fluid leading to collapse1.7.42yang collapse亡阳； 脱阳； 阳脱a pathological change where yang qi is suddenly exhausted, resulting in abrupt failure of bodily function1.7.43collapse of yang and exhaustion of yin阳亡阴竭collapse of both yin and yang, indicating the moribund state of a critically ill patient1.7.44exhaustion of yin and collapse of yang 阴竭阳脱exhaustion of yin fluid and collapse of yang qi with resultant functional failure, indicating the patient is critically ill1.7.45internal block and external of collapse内闭外脱a pathological change characterized by depression/stagnation of excessive pathogenic qi in the interior with expulsion of the debilitated original qi1.7.46binding in yin结阴pathogenic qi binding in the yin meridians/channels1.7.47binding in yang结阳sluggish flow of yang qi in the limbs, leading to retention of water and edema1.7.48exterior and interior表里(1)the outer part of the body (the skin, body hair, flesh and superficial meridians/channels) and the inner part of the body (the bowels and viscera, qi, blood, and bone marrow); (2)two of the eight principles of pattern identification/syndrome differentiation, indicating the depth of penetration of external pathogensP501.7.49half-exterior half-interior半表半里location between the exterior and interior1.7.50exterior cold表寒attack on the exterior part of the body by wind-cold, chiefly manifested by severe aversion to wind and cold, headache and stiff neck, soreness of the limbs and joints, thin white coating of the tongue and floating tense pulse1.7.51exterior heat表热attack on the exterior part of the body by wind-heat, chiefly manifested by slight aversion to wind and cold, moderate fever, headache, slight thirst, thin white or thin yellowish coating of the tongue, or red tip of the tongue and floating rapid pulse1.7.52exterior deficiency表虚deficiency of defence qi in the superficial part of the body, marked by spontaneous sweating or sweating accompanied by aversion to wind and floating feeble pulse1.7.53exterior excess表实invasion of external pathogens that causes gathering of defense qi in the skin and flesh and blockage of the interstices and pores marked by absence of sweating, chills and a floating forceful pulse1.7.54interior cold里寒a pathological state characterized by preponderance of yin cold or decline of yang qi in the interior1.7.55interior heat里热a pathological state characterized by heat in the interior, either due to exuberance of pathogenic heat or due to yin deficiency with endogenous heat1.7.56interior deficiency里虚a general term for deficiency of qi, blood, yin and yang of the internal organs1.7.57interior excess里实(1) a pathological change resulting from an external pathogen transforming into heat and entering the interior to bind in the stomach and intestines; (2)a general term denoting accumulation of pathological products in the body, such as phlegm, retained fluid, stagnation qi and blood, intestinal parasites, and undigested food1.7.58exterior cold and interior heat表寒里虚a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior cold and interior heatP511.7.59 exterior heat and interior cold表热里寒a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior heat and interior cold1.7.60exterior deficiency and interior excess表虚里实a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior deficiency and interior excess1.7.61exterior excess and interior deficiency表实里虚a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior excess and interior deficiency1.7.62cold in both exterior and interior表里俱寒a pathological state characterized by the simultan presence of exterior cold and interior cold1.7.63heat in both exterior and interior表里俱热a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior heat and interior heat1.7.64dual excess of the exterior and interior表里俱实a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior excess and interior excess1.7.65dual deficiency of the exterior and interior表里俱虚a pathological state characterized by the simultaneous presence of exterior deficiency and interior deficiency1.7.66dual disease of the exterior and interior表里同病coexistence of diseases both in the exterior and interior1.7.67insecurity of exterior qi表气不固；卫气不固failure of insufficient defense qi to protect the superficies of the body against external pathogens, the same as insecurity of defense qi1.7.68inward invasion of exterior pathogen表邪内陷penetration of an externally contracted pathogen from the exterior into the interior1.7.69pathogenic heat passing into the interior热邪传里process of a disease where external heat pathogens enter the interior to cause an interior heat pattern/syndrome1.7.70exterior pathogen entering the interior表邪入里the process of a disease whereby the external pathogen attacks the exterior first, and then enters the interior, impairing visceral functions1.7.71interior disease moving out to the exterior里病出表the process of a disease turning from the interior to the exterior through the struggle of the healthy qi against pathogens1.7.72cold and heat寒热(1) a pair of principles for differentiating the nature of disease: when yin is exuberant, there is cold; when yang prevails, there is heat; (2) chills and feverP521.7.73excess cold实寒a pathological change arising from contraction of yin cold pathogen1.7.74deficiency cold虚寒a pathological change arising when yang qi becomes insufficient and fails to provide adequate warmth1.7.75heat binding in the lower energizer热结下焦accumulation of heat in the intestines and bladder that causes lower abdominal distention and pain, constipation, short voidings of dark urine or even hematuria, and sometimes rigidity and tenderness of the lower abdomen accompanied by restlessness1.7.76lower energizer dampness-heat下焦湿热；湿热下注a pathological change characterized by dampness-heat pouring down into the lower energizer, including large intestinal dampness-heat, bladder dampness-heat, dampness-heat obstructing the essence chamber, and morbid leukorrhea, pudental itch, and painful swelling of the lower limb joints caused by dampness-heat, the same as downward flow of dampness-heat1.7.77exuberant heat damaging fluid热胜津伤the process by which excess heat dissipates body fluids, also the same as excessive heat damaging fluid1.7.78cold enveloping fire寒包火a pathological change characterized by contraction of wind-cold with accumulated internal heat1.7.79cold-heat complex寒热错杂a pathological change that causes complicated heat and cold conditions such as heat in the upper body with cold in the lower body, and cold in the exterior and heat in the interior1.7.80upper body heat and lower body cold上热下寒a complex condition characterized by the simultaneous presence of heat in the upper body and cold in the lower body, the same as heat above and cold below 1.7.81upper body cold and lower body heat上寒下热a complex condition characterized by the simultaneous presence of cold in the upper body and heat in the lower body, the same as cold above and heat below1.7.82cold and heat repulsion寒热格拒a form of pathological change in which extremely excessive cold forces heat to the extremities, and vice versa1.7.83true cold with false heat真寒假热a pathological change marked by abundant yin-cold in the interior with pseudo-heat manifestationsP531.7.84true heat with false cold真热假寒a pathological change marked by excessive heat in the interior with pseudo-cold manifestations1.7.85deficiency and excess虚实one of the guiding principles for analyzing the condition of the bodys resistance to pathogenic factors, in which deficiency refers to deficiency of the healthy qi and excess refers to excessiveness of the pathogenic qi1.7.86deficiency虚(1) deficiency of the healthy qi; (2) weak constitution; (3) weak reaction against pathogens1.7.87excess实(1) excessiveness of the pathogenic qi; (2) strong constitution; (3) strong reaction against pathogens1.7.88deficiency-excess complex虚实夹杂a pathological state in which both excess of pathogenic qi and debilitation of healthy qi occur in the disease process1.7.89excess with deficiency complication实中夹虚excess condition complicated by deficiency symptoms with the former dominant1.7.90deficiency with excess complication虚中夹实deficiency condition complicated by excess symptoms with the former dominant1.7.91upper deficiency and lower excess上虚下实deficiency of healthy qi in the upper body and excess of pathogenic qi in the lower body, the same as deficiency above and excess below1.7.92upper excess and lower deficiency上盛下虚；上实下虚exuberance of pathogenic qi in the upper body and deficiency of healthy qi in the lower body, the same as excess above and deficiency below1.7.93true or false deficiency-excess虚实真假false appearance of deficiency-excess manifestations opposite to the true nature of the disease1.7.94true excess with false deficiency真实假虚excess pattern/syndrome with pseudo-deficiency symptoms1.7.95true deficiency with false excess真虚假实deficiency pattern/syndrome with pseudo-excess symptoms1.7.96conversion of excess into deficiency由实转虚the process of a disease turning from excess of pathogenic qi into deficiency of healthy qi1.7.97conversion of deficiency into excess由虚转实the process of a disease turning from deficiency of healthy qi into excess of pathogenic qiP541.7.98qi deficiency 气虚a general term for deficiency of qi that leads to decreased visceral functions and lowered body resistance1.7.99qi deficiency failing to control blood气虚不摄；气不摄血a pathological change of qi deficiency in which qi is unable to retain the fluids (including blood)1.7.100qi deficiency with fullness in the middle气虚中满a pathological change of qi deficiency in which qi is insufficient for normal transportation and transformation in the middle energizer, thus causing epigastric and abdominal distension1.7.101qi deficiency with blood stasis气虚血瘀a pathological change of qi deficiency in which qi is insufficient to maintain blood flow, thus resulting in blood stasis1.7.102qi movement disorder气机失调a general term for disordered activity of qi in ascending, descending, exiting and entering1.7.103qi movement stagnation气机郁滞；气郁depressed and stagnant flow of qi that causes dysfunction of internal organs and meridians/channels, the same as qi stagnation1.7.104stagnant qi transforming into fire气郁化火a pathological change o