高中被动语态.ppt

被动语态 ThePassiveVoice Tombrokethewindow 主动语态 ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom 被动语态 英语的谓语动词有两种语态 主动语态 被动语态 前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者 后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者 注意 只有及物动词才有被动语态 1 被动语态结构 be 过去分词 PP by 2 如何从主动语态变为被动语态 介词by宾语 be 过去分词 主语 1 Theymakethebikesinthefactory 2 Allthepeoplelaughedathim 3 Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays 3 主动语态和被动语态结构对照表 am is are 过去分词 do does did shall will 动词原形 would 动词原形 am is are doing was were doing have has 过去分词 had 过去分词 情态动词 动词原形 was were 过去分词 shall will be 过去分词 would be 过去分词 am is are being 过去分词 was were being 过去分词 had been 过去分词 have has been 过去分词 情态动词 be 过去分词 注 被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词助动词或情态动词构成 2 人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上 而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变 被动语态举例 TheGreatWallwasbuiltmorethan2000yearsold AnewbridgeisbeingbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver Theprojectwill isgoingto befinishednextmonth Manytreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake Oldpeopleshouldbetakencareof lookedafter Bookscan tbetakenoutofthelibrary 7 Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat 8 Nobodylikestobelaughedat 被动语态应注意的问题 1 可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句 变被动句时 一般把 人 提前做主语 将 物 提前则要在 人 的前面加to或for Eg Igavehimabookyesterday Hewasgivenabook byme yesterday Abookwasgiventohim byme yesterday 2 带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语 ask tell allow encourage promise sb todosth 结构 Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees Wetoplantmoretrees shouldbeallowed areencouraged 3 接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态 使役动词 let have make等 或感官动词 see hear watch 等 在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to 改为被动语态时一定要补上to Iheardhimsinginthenextroom Hesinginthenextroom Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork Wedoallkindsofwork 注 当使用see hear watchsbdoingsth时 变为被动语态时 doing不变 如 Isawhimgoingintotheshop 主动 Hewasseengoingintotheshop 被动 washeardto weremadeto 4 主语从句 汉语中含有 据说 据悉 有人说 大家说 等常见的宾语从句句型 It ssaid reported believed that 据说 报道 认为 It ssuggestedthat 有人建议 It swellknownthat 众所周知 eg ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina 据报道 一个老人在大街上慢慢走着的时候 被一辆快速从旁边经过的汽车撞倒了 Itisreportedthatwhenanoldmanwaswalkingonthestreetatalowspeed hewasknockeddownbyacarpassingbyatahighspeed 5 没有被动语态的动词和词组 1 不及物动词如happen appear belongto takeplace breakout等无被动语态Atrafficaccident happen justnow 2 连系动词无被动语态 如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等 PekingOpera sound beautiful3 表状态的动词无被动语态 如haveownIhaveabike happened sounds 4 wash write sell wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候 不用被动语态 常用副词well easily修饰 Thebooksellswell 这本书销路很好 Thisdresswasheseasily 这衣服较好洗 Thepenwritessmoothly 这支钢笔写起来很流畅 5 need demand want 需要 require beworth等后用动名词表被动 Thedeskneedsrepairing Thenovelisworthseeing 注意 need后可接动名词表被动 又可接动词不定式的被动形式 Thedeskneedsrepairing Thedeskneedstoberepaired 1 Thislisteningmaterial togetherwithitsCD ROMs well A sellsB sellC issoldD aresold 2 Excuseme I mlookingforBetheBestofYourself Sorry Thebookyouaskfor out A issellingB issoldC wassellingD willbesold 3 HanHan sbooksarepopular They bymanyteenagers A isreadB wasreadC arereadD wereread 4 Atpresent oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups Morechances tostudentstolearnfromeachother A offerB areofferedC haveofferedD areoffering 5 Didn tyouseethesign NoParking ontheright Sorry Ididn t ButnowIknowparking here A wasn tallowedB isn tallowedC won tallowD doesn tallow 6 Thechildwithoutparents goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool A istakenB aretakenC takeD takes 7 Haveyoufinishedyourproject Notyet I llfinishitifI tenmoreminutes A giveB amgivenC willgiveD willbegiven 8 Thispairofshoes hand andit verycomfortable A ismadewith isfeltB aremadefrom isfeltC aremadeof feelsD ismadeby feels 9 Insomepartsoftheworld tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD served10 Whenandwheretogofortheon salaryholiday A arenotdecidedB havenotbeendecidedC isnotbeingdecidedD hasnotbeendecided 11 ThisisTed sphone Wemi