Linux命令学习总结 file命令.docVIP

Linux命令学习总结: file命令命令简介：该命令用来识别文件类型，也可用来辨别一些文件的编码格式。它是通过查看文件的头部信息来获取文件类型，而不是像Windows通过扩展名来确定文件类型的。执行权限 ：All User指令所在路径：/usr/bin/file命令语法：file -bchikLnNprsvz -f namefile -F separator -m magicfiles file .命令参数：下表列出了部分常用的参数。参数长参数描叙-b列出文件辨识结果时，不显示文件名称。-c详细显示指令执行过程，便于排错或分析程序执行的情形-f列出文件中文件名的文件类型-F使用指定分隔符号替换输出文件名后的默认的“：”分隔符。-i输出mime类型的字符串-L查看对应软链接对应文件的文件类型-z尝试去解读压缩文件的内容-help显示命令在线帮助-version显示命令版本信息 使用示例：1：查看file命令的帮助信息rootDB-Server # file -helpUsage: file OPTION. FILE.Determine file type of FILEs. -m, -magic-file LIST use LIST as a colon-separated list of magic number files -z, -uncompress try to look inside compressed files -b, -brief do not prepend filenames to output lines -c, -checking-printout print the parsed form of the magic file, use in conjunction with -m to debug a new magic file before installing it -f, -files-from FILE read the filenames to be examined from FILE -F, -separator string use string as separator instead of : -i, -mime output mime type strings -k, -keep-going dont stop at the first match -L, -dereference causes symlinks to be followed -n, -no-buffer do not buffer output -N, -no-pad do not pad output -p, -preserve-date preserve access times on files -r, -raw dont translate unprintable chars to ooo -s, -special-files treat special (block/char devices) files as ordinary ones -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exit当然你也可以使用 man file 获取更加详细的帮助文档信息。2：查看文件类型例如，如下所示，Temp.txt 文件类型为text，编码为UTF-8 UnicoderootDB-Server # file Temp.txt Temp.txt: UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators 3：不输出文件名称，只显示文件格式以及编码通过下面两个命令对时，就可以清晰的了解参数-b的作用。rootDB-Server # file Temp.txt Temp.txt: UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminatorsrootDB-Server # file -b Temp.txtUTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators 4: 输出mime类型的字符串rootDB-Server # file -i Temp.txt Temp.txt: text/plain; charset=utf-8 5: 查看文件中的文件名的文件类型这个参数非常适合shell脚本去查找、判别某种文件类型的数据。rootDB-Server # cat test/root/install.logit is only one test file 2+ Stopped cat testrootDB-Server # file -f test/root/install.log: ASCII textit is only one test file: ERROR: cannot open it is only one test file (No such file or directory)rootDB-Server # rootDB-Server # 5: 使用指定分隔符号替换输出文件名后的默认的“：”分隔符。感觉这个参数很鸡肋！我搞明白这个参数的作用时，很是纳闷。 6：尝试去解读压缩文件的内容rootDB-Server # file -z Temp.txt.gz Temp.txt.gz: UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators (gzip compressed data, was Temp.txt, from Unix, last modified: Tue Jun 24 00:34:15 2014)rootDB-Server # 7： 查看软链接对应文件的文件类型如下所示，创建一个软链接sfile，然后分别用file 和带参数的file -L查看 rootDB-Server # ln -s Temp.txt.gz sfilerootDB-Server # file sfile sfile: symbolic link to Temp.txt