专项练习之现在完成时与过去完成时.doc

精品文档【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假复习专题 现在完成时与过去完成时二. 教学过程：现在完成时态的构成和用法现在完成时态由“助动词have（has）过去分词”构成，它可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。如：Ive just had my lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。（影响是：现在我不饿了。）She has already posted the photos. 她已经寄走了相片。（结果是：这些相片已不在她这里了。）1. Im sorry you the wonderful football game. It was just over.（青岛市） A. have lost B. have missed C. are missing D. will lose2. You seem to know much about the city.Thats true. I it three times.（绍兴市） A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit3. Would you like to visit Shantou City with me this summer vacation?No, thanks. I it before. Besides, its hot and humid there in summer.（四川省自贡市） A. have visited B. visited C. will visit4. It is said the Chery（奇瑞） a new kind of car recently.（安徽省芜湖市）A. has developed B. developed C. develops D. had developed现在完成时态还可以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for时间段，since时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，在这种用法中，表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。如：Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李磊已经有三年了。He has been at this school for over two years. 他在这个学校已经有两年多了。They have lived here since 2002. 自从2002年以来，他们就住在这里。How long have you worked in this library? 你在这个图书馆里工作有多久了？He has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校，他一直在教我们。He a million yuan to Wenchuan since the earthquake.（临沂市）A. has given away B. gave away C. have given away D. gives away特征词 already（肯定句） yet（否定句和疑问句） never, ever（疑问句） just（谓语动词之前） before（句末）Hasnt Betty come yet?No, and I for her for nearly 2 hours.（武汉市）A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited in the past/last few years（过去几年来） so farup to nowtill nowby now these days since /ever since过去时间点 for时间段 注意：since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks agofor two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.I have kept the library book since a week ago. since时间点for时间段 since 2000for 8 yearssince从句（常用一般过去时）The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.have got, has got 虽然是现在完成时, 但have gothave; has gothas I have a new bike.I have got a new bike.英语的动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词（也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词），如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，既不能与表示一段时间的状语，for时间段, since时间点/从句连用，也不能用在以how long引导的特殊疑问句中。Ive left Shanghai for three days.（）Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.（）.I left Shanghai three days ago.（）终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法： 将时间状语改为时间段ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。 若保留for时间段，since时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away（from）buy-have sleep /fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold come backbe back get up-be upcome/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/atjoin the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party /be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years.My brother has been a soldier for two years. 1. Bad luck! Its too late!It doesnt matter. The movie for only a few minutes. You cant miss it.（潍坊市）A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on2. You have my dictionary for two weeks.Sorry, Ill give it back to you right now.（四川省南充市）A. lent B. borrowed C. kept现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at （1）been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。 eg. She has been to Shanghai twice.（表示目前人在这里） （2）gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg. She has gone to Shanghai.（表示现在她人不在这里） （3）been in/at 逗留在某地（已经有一段时间）.常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. Is Mr. Black at home?Sorry, he isnt in. He to Dalian for vacation.（辽宁省十二市）A. has gone B. went C. is going D. goes现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。而一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。如：I have read the book. 我看过这本书。（我了解这本书的内容）I read the book last week. 我上星期看了这本书。（只说明上星期“我”看了这本书，不涉及现在的情况）He has lived here since 2002. 2002年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 2002. 2002年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里）Chinas 24th science research team at Changcheng Station on January 5, 2008.Wonderful! Our scientists a lot in this field already.（哈尔滨市）A. have arrived; improved B. arrived; has improved C. arrived; have improved下面就给大家提供10句日常生活中极其常用的话，这10个句子都包括了一条最重要的语法：现在完成时。练熟这10个句子，语法也跟着运用自如！1. I havent seen you for a long time. How have you been? 我很久没见到你了。你好吗？2. I have already told you three times! 我已经跟你说了三次了！3. Ive just heard that youre married. 我刚听说你结婚了。4. Shes gone to work. Shell be back around five. 她去上班了。她大概五点左右回来。5. Ive never been to Hong Kong. 我从来没去过香港。6. I havent been abroad so far. 我至今还没有出过国。7. This is the best book Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。8. Have you ever tried Thai food? 你吃过泰国菜吗？9. Have you decided on your major yet? 你决定读什么专业了吗？10. How long have you been here in China? 你在中国多久了？过去完成时概念：表示过去的过去过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！其构成是：主语had过去分词。用法： 表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用。We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.到上个月底为止我们已经学了五千个单词。I had finished the composition before supper.晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了。表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。When I woke up it had already stopped raining.我醒来的时候雨就已经停了。I hadnt learned any English before I came here.我来这儿之前没学过英语。用于宾语从句或间接引语中I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去。He told me that he had passed the exam.他告诉我他已通过考试。【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. So far we_（learn）ten thousand English words. 2. _Tom_（return）the library book？ Yes，he has. When _he _（return）it？ Half an hour ago. 3. _ you ever_（read）the book？ No, I_（read）it tomorrow. 4. Please dont go out to play football. You_（not finish）your homework yet.5. _they really_（be）in Beijing for a year？ 6. _ you_（borrow）this book before？ Yes，I_（borrow）it last week. 7. I _ just _（find）my English book. Where _ you_（find）it？ II. 单项选择1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. lived 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou_ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. You have never been to the Great Wall, _ you? A. do B. dont C. have D. havent 11. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 12. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began14. _ you _ _ England? Yes, it _ _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 15. _ you _ to the capital? No, I _. I_ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 16. Your sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? Yes, she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has goneC. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 17. You havent read the book before, have you? _. A. Yes, I havent. B. No, I have. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I havent. 18. Where is Li Lei? He _ _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 19. How long may I _ _ the book? A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. give20. Mr Brown has _ _ here since last autumn. A. came B. worked C. arrived D. left21. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying22. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew23. His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in24. Do you know him well ? Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made25. How long have you _ here? About two months.A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived26. My parents _ _ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been27. _ _has Mr White been a member of Greener China？Since he _ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 28. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university29. _ have you been here in Beijing？ Since last month. A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long 30. The Browns have_ in China for about five years . A. come B. got C. arrived D. been III. 句型转换1. He has learned English for 5 years.（对划线部分提问）_ learned English ?2. I bought a new bike just now.（用just改写） I just _ a new bike.3. We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句）We _ _English _ _ three years.4. They have been here since 2000 . （对划线部分提问）_ _ _ _ _ have they been here?5. Thi