选修8-UNIT4-词汇讲解.doc

泗州学校 Sizhou School 高三英语选修八导学案编号：2014- 课型： 新授课 上课时间： 第1周 主备人：沙 千 审核人： 班级： 小组： 姓名： 评价： Unit+4Pygmalion1hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.(教材P29)这时有位先生(简称G)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。She is still hesitating about/over sending her son to college.对于送儿子上学这件事，她仍在犹豫。Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need any more information.hesitate to do sth.做某事犹豫不决hesitate about/over(doing) sth.对犹豫不决hesitate (about)疑问词to do sth.是否做犹豫不决hesitation n踌躇；犹豫have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不踌躇/毫不犹豫地干某事without hesitation毫不踌躇/毫不犹豫地；立即eg.She had no hesitation in helping me with my English.She helped me with my English without hesitation. 她毫不犹豫地帮我学习英语。(2013长春高二检测)Please dont _ to contact me if you want to know about more detailed information about this terrible accident.AdetermineBhesitate Cattempt Drequire【解析】hesitate to do sth.“不愿做某事；对做某事有顾虑”；determine to do sth.“决定/决心做某事”；attempt to do sth.“尝试做某事”；require sb.to do sth.“要求/规定某人做某事”。B项最符合语境。2classify vt.编排，分类，归类Simply phonetics studied and classified from peoples own speech.(教材P29)对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.Eggs are classified according to size.classify.as.把判定为(归类为) o.把分为classified adj.分类的；归类的 classification nU分类；分级C类别；等级Patients are classified into three categories.病人被归为三种类型。3remark n谈论；言论；评述vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起You can place a man by just a few remarks.(教材P29)你可以仅仅通过几句话就判断出对方是哪个地方的人。What did you mean by that last remark?你最后那句话是什么意思？A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.make remarks on/about对做出评论remark on/upon对评论remarkable adj.引人注目的；不寻常的，非凡的be remarkable for 以著称The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition.评委们说明了参赛的高标准。The area is remarkable for its scenery. 这一地区以其优美的景色而引人瞩目。选择：A large number of foreign media made good _ about the 18th National Congress of CPC.Aappointments Bchoices Cremarks Dpromises【解析】make remarks about.“对做出评论”。make appointments“约定”；make choices“做出选择”；make promises“承诺”。【答案】C4betray vt.出卖；背叛；泄露(秘密)；露出迹象 But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.(教材P29)betray sb./sth.(to sb.)(向某人)出卖某人/(向某人)泄露某事betray oneself暴露出本来面目betray ones trust辜负某人的信任betray ones country背叛祖国She was terrified of saying something that would make her betray herself.I wont betray his trust. 我不会辜负他对我的信任。She would not betray his secrets to me. 她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。5condemn vt.谴责；判刑；宣告有罪(与to连用)；迫使接受(困境)；使注定.the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.(教材P30)那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子。World opinion condemned the aggressors provocation. 世界舆论谴责侵略者的挑衅。condemn sb.to sth.迫使某人接受困境(或不愉快的状况)condemn sb./sth.for/as sb./sth.指责某人(事)condemn sb.to.sentence sb.to.判处condemn sb.to do sth.迫使某人干不好的事情；注定干某事The editor of the newspaper was condemned for/as lacking integrity.(正直)。6.once_educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.(教材P30)要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。(1)这是一个主从复合句，once引导条件状语从句，省略了主语及系动词that girl is。由once，if，as，unless，when，though，although，even if/though等引导的状语从句，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句为itbe.则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。If water is heated，it will be turned into vapour. If heated，water will be turned into vapour.When asked why she didnt finish the homework，the girl made no answer.【对接高考】(2013福建高考)Anyone，once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.Ato be tested Bbeing tested Ctested Dto test(2)pass.off as.(把某人)改变或冒充成She passed herself off as an American to escape the fine.为逃避罚款，她冒充美国人。pass away亡故；消失pass off逐渐消失；过去；不加理会；进行(情况如何)pass by经过；不注意，忽略pass on to传递，传给；通过pass out失去知觉pass down把一代传一代He was only three years old when his father passed away. 他父亲去世时他只有三岁。As the years passed by，he became weaker and weaker. 随着岁月的流逝，他变得越来越虚弱。7acquaintance n相识；了解；熟人And I came to England to make your acquaintance！(教材P30)我来伦敦就是为了结识你！We talked as if we were old acquaintances. 我们就好像是老相识一样谈话。I have some acquaintance with English，but I do not know it well.我稍懂些英语，但并不精通。make ones acquaintancemake the acquaintance of sb.结识某人；与某人相见on first acquaintance 初次相见时have an/some/little acquaintance with sth.对某事有一点/一些/几乎没有了解have an/some acquaintance with sb.与某人认识；有交情Even on first acquaintance it was clear that he was not“the right type”初次见面就看出他显然不是“对路子的人”。Its lucky for me to make his acquaintance in Beijing. 我很幸运在北京结识了他。【提示】acquaintance用作不可数名词时，表“熟悉，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表示“熟悉的人”。8fortune nU机会；运气C命运；大笔的钱A fortune！(教材P30)发财了！One day a good fortune befell him. 一天，幸运降临到他的头上。What will be our fortunes? 我们的命运将是什么？try ones fortune碰运气 tell sb.s fortune为某人算命 come into a fortune继承一笔遗产make a fortune发财 fortunate adj.幸运的；运气好的be fortunate to do sth./be fortunate in having sth.幸运地做/拥有fortunately adv.幸运地The little girl came into a fortune after her uncle died.她叔父去世后，那个小女孩继承了一大笔遗产。名fortune名misfortune 不幸；厄运形fortunate形unfortunate不幸的9generally speaking一般来说Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class.(教材P30)一般来说，人们对他们认为有着较高社会等级的人态度更礼貌一些。Generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.strictly speaking严格说来personally speaking就个人来说frankly speaking坦白地说in general总体来说；大体上as a general rule一般而言；(在)通常(情况)下Personally speaking，Im in favour of the plan.In general，your work is good.英语中表示“说”的短语还有：to be honestto tell(you) the truthhonestly speaking老实说；说实话exactly speaking确切地说in other words换句话说or rather更确切地说to sum up概括地说that is也就是说10in terms of就来说；从角度看Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc，so that she can use them properly.(教材P31)从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。In terms of money hes quite rich，but not in terms of happiness.就钱来说，他很富有；但就幸福来说则不然。come to terms with达成协议；和好；接受；适应be on good/bad terms关系良好/不好in the long/short term就长期/短期而言in ones terms在某人看来on equal terms在平等的条件下In their terms，cutting government spending is the most important thing.在他们看来，缩减政府开支是最重要的事情。in point of.就言，关于in view of.鉴于，考虑到11.rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺Someone who steals sth.or robs sb.(教材P32)偷了某物或抢了某人东西的人。While he was away，his house was robbed.他外出时，他的家被盗了。They robbed the bank of millions of dollars.他们抢走了那家银行数百万美元。rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物；剥夺某人某物robber n抢劫者；强盗；盗贼robbery n抢劫；盗窃；偷盗；失窃They knocked the driver down and robbed him of his car.他们把司机打倒在地，抢走了他的车。辨析rob/stealrob抢劫rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人的东西steal偷盗steal (sth.) from sb. 偷某人的东西Peter was robbed of his car and mobile phone. 彼得的汽车和手机都被抢了。注意:rob不能直接跟双宾语，常用作rob sb. of sth.，与之用法相同的结构还有：remind sb. of sth.使某人想起inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事1show.in带或领进来Show her in，Mrs.Pearce.(教材P34)皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。show o.领某人进入show sb.out 领某人出去(与show.in构成一对反义短语)show sb.around领某人参观某地show off 炫耀show up 出现；来到某处；揭露；显得好看He showed me out.他把我领了出去。He promised to attend the party，but he didnt show up yet.他答应参加晚会，但是现在还没有来。2compromise n& vi.妥协，折中，折中方案(compromises)OK，Ill teach you.(教材P34)(提出折中办法)好吧，我教你。We can not compromise on such terms.我们不能因为这样的条件妥协。reach/arrive at/come to a compromise(on.)(就)达成妥协make compromises (on.) (就)作出让步compromise with sb.(on.) (就)与某人妥After a long talk，the two sides reached a compromise. 长期谈判之后，双方达成了妥协。In order to live harmoniously，sometimes you need to make compromises.为了和谐地生活，有时你需