史上最全英语四级作文题型和模版讲解.ppt

四级作文 第一部分四级作文的评分标准和要求 一 考核目的考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力 二 考核要求 1 时间 30分钟2 字数 120词以上 120 150 3 题型 1 根据给出的段首句续写2 根据中文提要作文3 根据图表写作4 书信写作三 评分原则 1 大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求 对作文的评分应以此要求为准则 2 大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分 GlobalScoring 方法 阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 RewardScores 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分 3 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判 内容和语言是一个统一体 作文应表达题目所规定的内容 而内容要通过语言来表达 要考虑作文是否切题 是否充分表达思想 也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想 也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍 4 避免趋中倾向 该给高分的给高分 包括满分 该给低分的给低分 包括零分 一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数 四 评分标准 1 作文题满分为15分 阅卷标准共人为五等 2分 5分 8分 11分及14分 2分 条理不清 思路紊乱 语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误 且多数为严重错误 5分 基本切题 表达思想不够清楚 连贯性差 有较多的严重错误 8分 基本切题 表达思想比清楚 文字尚连贯 但语言错误较多 11分 切题 表达思想清楚 文字连贯 但有少量语言错误 14分 切题 表达思想清楚 文字通顺 连贯较好 基本上无语言错误 阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准 对照样卷评分 若认为某一分数文件次 如8分 相似 即定为 8分 若认为稍优或劣于该档次 则可加一分 9分 或减一分 7分 但不得加减半分 字数不足应酌情扣分 注 1 如题目中给出主题句 起始句 结束句 均不得记入所写字数 2 只写一段者 0 4分 只写两段者 0 9分 指规定三段的作文 3 白卷 作文与题目毫不相关 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想 则给零分 2 设作文最低分 采用下列成绩计算方法 1 作文分为0分者 总分即使高于60分 一律作不及格处理 2 作文分大于0分小于6分者 按下列方式计算成绩 最后报道分 原计算总分 6 作文实得分 一 四级作文的段落基本结构 第二部分四级作文的结构 1 主题句主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句 即 明确地表示全段要展开的中心点 四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首 2 扩展句扩展句是用来说明 解释 引申 或论证主题句所表达的中心思想的句子 3 结尾句结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重述 评论 或总结 借以强化主题 加深读者的印象 Itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicebetweenbuyingahouseinthelow riseareaandbuyingoneinthehigh risearea 主题句 Ifwewanttoeconomizeandgetmorepersonalarea wecanchoosethelow rise butifwewanttolivemorecomfortably wewillchoosethehigh rise 扩展句 Inaword thekeyliesinthealternativeofeconomyandcomfort 结尾句 二 全文 议论文 基本结构 第二部分四级作文的结构 KeytoSuccessInsuchacompetitivesociety everyonehasastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhislife Buthowtoachievesuccess Inmyopinion therearethreemainkeys aclearobjective strongwillpoweranddiligence First itisveryimportanttosetupagoalbeforeyoustart Noonecanbesuccessfulwithoutagoalinhismind Besides youneedastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead Therealwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadtosuccess Whetheryoucangothroughitdependsonwhetheryouarepersistentenough Lastbutnotleast everyonewhowantstosucceedshouldbediligent Thereisandoldsaying Nopains nogains Mostsuccessfulpeopleowetheirsuccesstohardworking suchasEinstein Inconclusion ifwewanttobesuccessful wehavetomasterthethreemainkeysmentionedabove Thereisnoshortcuttosuccess Thethreekeyswillassureyoutorealizeyourbeautifuldream 第三部分常见的错误和问题注意方面 1 切题2 结构 三段式 3 落题快 主题句在每段句首 不要绕圈 4 长度 120 150字 卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处 不要过多 语言方面须注意的问题 1 题目的大写AnEye WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccidentItPaystoBeHonestHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview2 句子错误1 语态时态不正确Ireadthepassagecarefullyandseveralmistakeswerefound 语态不一致 Ireadthepassagecarefullyandfoundseveralmistakes Iamverygratefulifyoucouldhelpmewiththisproblem 时态不一致 Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucouldhelpmewiththisproblem 2 主谓不一致Helikeplayingfootballverymuch Helikesplayingfootballverymuch 3 中式英语MyEnglishhasmadegreatprogress IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish Workmakesmefeelsatisfied Workisasourceofsatisfactiontome 4 结构不完整AlthoughhadmanydifficultiesinstudyingEnglish Ifinallypassedtheexam AlthoughIhadmanydifficultiesinstudyingEnglish Ifinallypassedtheexam 基本句型 主谓 Isucceed 主谓宾 IlikeCaicai 主系表 ZYissmart 主谓双宾 WeiXiaobaogaveAkeanEnglishdictionary 主谓宾宾补 Tulongdaomakesmanypeopleselfish 句型 第四部分写作中的常用句式 第四部分写作中的常用句式 句型 第四部分写作中的常用句式一 开头常用语式 主题段的引入 Aproverbsays Astheproverbsays Somepeoplesaythat Manypeoplebelievethat Itisgenerallybelievedthat WeallknowthatAsweallknow ItisquiteclearthatVariousviewsexistasto but Therearemanyarguments opinions viewsabout Thereismuchdiscussionabout attentionto Itiswellknownthat Itissaidthat Ithasbeenfoundthat Itiseasytoseethat Thepiegraphshows Arecentsurveyprovides Thechart graph tableshows Noonecandenythat Nowadays Atpresent 例1MyViewonAnimalCommunicationManypeoplethinkthatanimalscannotcommunicatewitheachother Intheiropinion theycannotspeakorwrite However Iholdthattheycancommunicate Thefollowingexamplesserveasproofstosupportmyview 例21 中国人才流失的现状 2 对人才流失的看法 3 如何解决人才流失 BrainDraininChinaNowadays oneofthemostseriousproblemsChinaisfacedwithisbraindrain Whileshortagesoftalenttroublemanyuniversitiesandstate ownedenterprises millionsoftalentedpeopleeitheremigratetodevelopedcountriesorworkforforeigncompanies Atthesametime abigcrowdofwell educatedpeoplewhoaredeterminedtofollowtheirfootstepstakeTOEFLorGREastheirpassporttotheWest 第四部分写作中的常用句式举例 练习1SmokingItisalmostknowntoallthatsmokingisbadforpeople shealth Scientificresearchsshowthatsmokingcanleadtoheartdisease cancerandotherproblem TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysdiseaseslinkedtosmokingkillatleasttwomillionfive hundred thousandpersonseachyear 练习2HealthandLifeAsthesayinggoes youdon tknowwhathappinessisuntilyouloseit youdon tknowwhathealthisuntilyouareill Healthisofvitalimportancetolife soundslikeaclichetoeveryone butitisabsolutelytrue 第四部分写作中的常用句式举例 二 中间常用句式 扩展段的连接 通常按重要程度排列 我们习惯于先说最重要的 西方人则相反 但都得符合逻辑顺序 1 表示 首先 first firstly firstofall tobegin 但不可用atfirst 2 表示 第二 此外 其次 况且 second secondly and besides moreover additionally furthermore what smore inaddition besides 名词短语 inadditionto 名词短语 another 名词短语3 表示 最后 finally last lastly lastbutnotleast最后但并非最不重要的是 但不可用atlast或intheend 4 表示 最重要的是 aboveall mostimportantofall5 表示 更严重的是 更糟糕的是 moreserious evenworse tomakematterworse6 表示 最为严重的是 最糟糕的是 mostseriousofall worstofall 第四部分写作中的常用句式 二 中间常用句式 扩展段的连接 例如 1 Firstofall 论据1 Moreimportantly 论据2 Mostimportantofall 论据3 Insummary 总结观点 2 Theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows First 好处1 Besides 好处2 Mostimportantofall 好处3 Buteverycoinhastwosides Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent Tobeginwith 坏处1 Tomakematterworse 坏处2 Worstofall 坏处3 Fromtheaboveanalysis Ibelieve观点 3 Foronething 论据1 Foranother 论据2 Lastbutnottheleast 论据3 Toconclude 总结观点或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 4 Firstofall 论据1 Furthermore 论据2 Amongallofthesupportingevidences oneisthestrongest Thatis 论据3 Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 第四部分写作中的常用句式 例文 KeytoSuccessInsuchacompetitivesociety everyonehasastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhislife Buthowtoachievesuccess Inmyopinion therearethreemainkeys aclearobjective strongwillpoweranddiligence First itisveryimportanttosetupagoalbeforeyoustart Noonecanbesuccessfulwithoutagoalinhismind Besides youneedastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead Therealwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadtosuccess Whetheryoucangothroughitdependsonwhetheryouarepersistentenough Lastbutnotleast everyonewhowantstosuceedshouldbediligent Thereisandoldsaying Nopains nogains Mostsuccessfulpeopleowetheirsuccesstohardworking suchasEinstein Inconclusion ifwewanttobesuccessful wehavetomasterthethreemainkeysmentionedabove Thereisnoshortcuttosuccess Thethreekeyswillassureyoutorealizeyourbeautifuldream 第四部分写作中的常用句式 练习 Advertisement1 广告给人们带来的益处 2 广告给人们带来的烦恼 Advertisementcanbeaservicetopeople First itisinformative andcanhelppeoplebuyandsellgoods Second itcanwidenpeople sknowledge andmakepeoplemoreexperienced Lastly peoplecanenjoythemselvesthroughthoseprogramswhichadvertisementshavebeenputinto Someadvertisements however arenotveryusefultopeople sometimesevenharmful Anadvertisementlikethis forexample mayputthousandsofwomenandgirlsintotrouble Disillusionedwithlife love marriage Youneedhelp Phoneme AndtheSaviorgiveshisphonenumbertohissheep 第四部分写作中的常用句式 二 中间常用句式 扩展段的连接 其他词语或句式 1 用于强调 afterall anyway infact indeed apparently clearly obviously especially 2 用于对比 however ononehand ontheotherhand incontrast bycontrast onthecontrary while whereas instead but differentfrom 3 用于比较 similarly likewise like inthesameway 4 用于列举 forexample forinstance suchas take forgranted except for 5 表示时间 later then next finally atlast eventually meanwhile afterthat fromnowon atthesametime forthetimebeing aftersometime intheend immediately inthemeantime recently soon nowandthen during nowadays presently since assoonas afterwards sometimelater temporally inthemeanwhile afterawhile 6 用于解释 inotherwords asamatteroffact thatis 7 用于让步 although inspiteof despite eventhough evenif though nomatterhow8 用于结果 consequently thus asaresult asaconsequence hence so therefore accordingly9 其他 notonly butalso asfarasIamconcerned whenitcomesto inpractice inprinciple anotherkeyaspectof is itistruethat whatismoreseriousis thereisnodoubtthat butitisapitythat butthetrouble problem pointis 第四部分写作中的常用句式 二 中间常用句式 扩展段的连接 其他词语或句式 例1BrainDraininChina 接开头 1 中国人才流失的现状 2 对人才流失的看法 3 如何解决人才流失 However peopleseethisphenomenonindifferentperspectives SomeholdtheopinionthatChinasuffersalotfrombraindrain Theyargue ontheonehand thatbraindrainconsiderablyweakensourinternationalcompetitiveness Ontheotherhand theybelievethatthetalentshouldservetheirnativecountryfirst Incontrast othershighlighttheadvantagesofinternationalexchangeandcooperation TheyclaimthatChineseyouthsshouldgoabroadtostudyandgainmoreexperience What smore thelong termbenefitswilloutweighlosseswesuffernow 第四部分写作中的常用句式 练习1Computer1 计算机的广泛应用2 计算机给人们的帮助3 计算机带来的问题 无示范 4 我的看法 无示范 Thecomputeriswidelyusedinallfieldsofsociety Today whereveryougo youwillfindcomputersbeingused Forexample computersareusedinuniversities largecorporations andsmalloffices etc Ithasevenenteredthehomesofordinarypeople Asitisabletostoreandprocessalargeamountofinformation thecomputerbringaboutgreatconvenienceandhighefficiencytopeopleofallwalksoflife Computerscanhelppeopleindifferentways Forexample computerhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation Foranotherexample computersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaplane oraspaceship Besides computersmayalsoplayagreatroleinhelpingchildrenwiththeirlesson Whateveryouaredoing youmanyfindcomputerausefulaid 第四部分写作中的常用句式 二 中间常用句式 扩展段的连接 其他词语或句式 三 结尾常用句式 终结段的连接 1 表示 总之 总而言之 简言之 inconclusion insummary toconclude tosummarize tosumup inshort inbrief inaword onthewhole2 综上所述 fromtheforegoing fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove fromtheaboveanalysisObviously 此为过渡短语 wecandrawtheconclusionthatThus itcanbeconcludedthat Therefore wecanfindthat Obviously itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem Accordingly Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken Consequently tosolvetheproblem somemeasuresshouldbetaken 第四部分写作中的常用句式 三 结尾常用句式 终结段的连接 例1Vacation LongorShortOnethewhole eitherlongorshortvacationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages Whatmattersishowtomakeuseofit 例2GoodHealth1 身体健康的重要性 2 保持健康的途径 3 我自己的实践 Asforme Ilikeplayingtennisinthemorning Ialsoattachmuchimportancetoenoughsleepandrelaxation Ibelievethiswillensuremygoodhealthfortherestofmylife 例3HopeProject希望工程Inmyopinion thisprojectisofgreatimportancetoourcountryatthepresenttime Anditalsowillhaveaprofoundeffectonthefutureachievementsofourcountry Isuggestthatmoreworkbedonesothateverychildinthecountrysidecanreceiveelementaryeducation 练习 IsFailureaBadThingInmyopinion failureisnotabadthing thereallybadthingistakingafailureasfailureorevenloseourheartafterfailure 第四部分写作中的常用句式 1 对立观点式1 有人赞成X 2 有人反对X 3 我的看法 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 例文 1 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试 理由是 2 也有人持不同意见 3 我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary DifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthenecessityofatestofspokenEnglishintheCollegeEnglishTest SomepeoplebelievethatatestofspokenEnglishisnecessarybecausespokenEnglishisanimportantpartoflanguage OnlywhenonespeaksfluentEnglishcanwesaythathehasreallyacommandofthelanguage Soatestoughttobedevisedtoassessthelearner sabilityinspokenEnglish Otherpeople however thinkthatatestofwrittenEnglishisenoughandtestofspokenEnglishisnotnecessaryatall Theyholdthatone scompetenceinEnglishcanbeshowninatestofwrittenEnglish andatestofspokenEnglishwillbedifficulttocarryout andwill moreover addtotheburdenofthestudents Inmyopinion atestofspokenEnglishisabsolutelynecessary becauseIbelieveitisofgreatimportanceforeveryforeignlanguagelearnertospeakthelanguagewithfluency Foronething moreandmoreforeignersarecomingtoChinaeveryyear alargenumberofpeoplewhocanspeakEnglishfluentlyarebadlyneededinallwalksoflife Foranother thefourskills listening speaking readingandwritinginlanguagelearningarecloselyrelated AtestofspokenEnglishwillstimulatetheotherskillsinEnglishlearning 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 1 对立观点式 模式1Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsabout 讨论主题 Somepeoplebelieve argue recognize think that 观点1 Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside Theyfirmlybelievethat 观点2 Otherpeople however thinkthat 观点2 Asforme Iagreewiththeformer latteridea Iaminfavorofthefirst secondidea Thefollowingarethereasonsof formychoice personalinclination Firstofall 论据1 Moreimportantly 论据2 Mostimportantofall 论据3 Insummary 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto 表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat 预测 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 1 对立观点式 模式2People sideas opinions viewson 讨论主题 varyfrompersontoperson Somepeoplehold thinkthat 观点1 Fromtheirpointofview However othershold thinkthat 观点2 Intheiropinion Yetotherpeopledon tthinkinthisway Theyarguethat 观点2 AsfarasIamconcerned theformer latteropinionholdsmoreweight Foronething 论据1 Foranother 论据2 Lastbutnottheleast 论据3 Firstofall 论据1 Furthermore 论据2 Amongallofthesupportingevidences oneisthestrongest Thatis 论据3 Toconclude 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto 表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat 预测 模式3Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson 讨论主题 Somepeoplethinkthat 观点1 Otherpeopleholdthat 观点2 Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionthinkthat 观点1 论据1 2 3 Onthecontrary thosewhoholdthesecondviewthinkthat 观点2 论据1 2 3 Asforme Iagreewiththeformer latteropinion 论据1 2 3 ThereforeIholdthat 观点1 2 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 1 对立观点式 Do LuckyNumbers ReallyBringGoodLuck Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthatsomenumberscanbringthemgoodluck Forinstance theso calledluckynumber 8 iswidelypreferredbymostofthepeople Whentheyinstallatelephone orbuyacellphone orchoosethelicenseplatefortheircar manypeopletrytogetasmany 8 aspossible Theythinkthatthenumber 8 canbringthemgoodluckandagreatfortune Yetotherpeopledon tthinkinthisway Theyarguethatnumbersarenothingbutakindofsymbolusedforcounting Numbershavenothingtodowithgoodluck Itissuperstitioustoconnectone slifewiththenumbers So theylaughatthosewhothinknumberscanbringgoodluck Iaminfavorofthelatteropinion Weshouldn tdependonnumberstofulfillourwishes Whetherwecanlivearichlifelargelydependsonourselves Ourlifeisinourownhands Soweshouldworkhareinsteadofdependingonluckynumberstobringusahappylife 练习 1 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运 2 我认为数字和运气无关 Do LuckyNumbers ReallyBringGoodLuck 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 1 对立观点式 2 利弊式1 某事物带来的好处2 某事物带来的问题3 应该怎样做 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 例文 1 ATM 自动柜员机 的好处2 ATM存在的问题3 我的看法PositiveandNegativeAspectsofATMNowadays ATMplaysanimportantpartinpeople slife Likeeverythingelse ATMhasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects Generally theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows First ATMisconvenient Peoplecandrawmoneyfromitwithacardeverywhere Besides itissafe Ifyouloseyourcard someoneelsecan tuseit becausepeoplehavetoenterthepasswordtodrawmoney Mostimportantofall whenpeopleneedmoneyatnightorweekend theycandrawmoneyfromaround the clockATM Therefore ATMsolvestheproblemofmoneyshortage Buteverycoinhastwosides Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent 显而易见的 Tobeginwith ifsomeoneinputsawrongpasswordthreetimes ATMwillwithholdthecard Tomakematterworse sometimesthereisnomoneyinsomeATM Itmakespeopledisappointed Worstofall ifsomeoneforgetspassword hewillnotdrawmoneyfromATM Fromtheaboveanalysis Ibelievethattheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages Therefore moreandmorepeopletendtousetheATMforthesakeof 为了 利益 convenienceandsafety 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 2 对利弊式 模式Nowadays 讨论主题 playsanimportantpartinpeople slife Likeeverythingelse 讨论主题 hasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects Generally theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows First 好处1 Besides 好处2 Mostimportantofall 好处3 Buteverycoinhastwosides Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent Tobeginwith 坏处1 Tomakematterworse 坏处2 Worstofall 坏处3 Fromtheaboveanalysis Ibelievethattheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages Therefore 结论 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 2 对利弊式 练习 双休日给大学生带来的好处 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题 我应当怎样过好双休日 TheTwo dayWeekendThebenefitsthatthetwo dayweekendbringtocollegestudentsaretoomuchtobelisted Tobeginwith itprovidesthestudentswithmoresparetimetorestafteraweek sstudy Besides itenablesthestudentstohaveenoughtimetotakepartinvariouskindsofsportactivitiesandsocialactivities Furthermore itgivesthestudentsadequatetimetoplanandpreparetheirlifeandstudynextweek However theproblemsthatthetwo dayweekendbringsarealsoobvious Somestudentsfeelthattheyhavenothingtodobuttosleep OtherstudentsindulgeinsuchentertainmentsaswatchingTV seeingfilmsandplayingvideogames Stillotherstudentsunwiselyexhaustthemselvesbyexcessiveoutdoorgames suchasfootball outing etc Inconclusion moststudentsdon tknowhowtomakeagoodandscientificuseofthelongweekend Ithink tospendameaningfulweekend westudentsshouldplanourleisurescientifically Itisnotwisetoplayfortwodays noritwisetorest orstudyforsuchalongtime Weshouldbearinmindthatentertainment restandstudyshouldalternate 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 2 对利弊式 例文 HowtoSolvetheProblemofOverpopulationWiththedevelopmentofcivilization thepopulationhasreachedsixbillionattheendof20thcentury Therefore environmentalproblemsoftenoccur Tosolvetheproblemofoverpopulation wehavemanyways butthefollowingonesaremostimmediateandeffective Onewayistoconductfamilyplantoreducethebirthrateofbabiesandtheemploymentpressurecouldberelieved However ifthere sonlychildinthefamily thechildmaybespoiledandit shardforhimtoformcompletecharacteristics Anotherapproachistoletpeoplegetmarriedlate Bythismeans atthesametimetherewillbefewerpeopleinthecontestofemploymentorcolleges Butthisisnotaperfectwayeither Thismethodjustalleviatestheproblembutcan tsolveit Inconclusion thesearenottheonlytwoorbestwaystosolvetheproblemofoverpopulation butifwecombinethosetwoways wemayhaveraisethequalitynotthequantityofthepopulation 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 3 解决问题式 Howto 解决问题要讲究方法 可按时间先后 也可按轻重缓急等排列 基本套路有 模式 目前的现象及存在的问题 Manywayscancontributeto 要解决的问题 butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective Firstofall 方法1 Besides 方法2 Finally 方法3 Thesearenottheonlythreepointsyoushouldpayattentionto Butitshouldbenotedthat 使用这些方法时要注意的事项 展望 总结上述三种方法 第五部分写作模式 一 议论文 3 解决问题式 Howto HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview Nowadaysboththeintervieweeandtheinterviewerareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetojobinterview Asfarastheinterviewersareconcerned theytendtofeelitunscientifictoevaluatethecompetenceoftheintervieweesbyjustreadingtheirwrittenmaterials suchastheapplicationforms self introductions etc Afacetofaceinterviewingismorereliableandinformative Asfarastheintervieweesareconcerned theythinkthattheyalsohavetherighttogettoknowtheemployerandthecom