专业英语单词汇总.doc

第一单元1. Condensed matter physics 凝聚态物理2. Atomic, molecular and optical physics 原子、分子、光学物理 3. Particle and nuclear physics 粒子与原子核物理4. Astrophysics and physical cosmology 天体物理学和物理宇宙学 5. Current research frontiers 当前研究前沿6. natural philosophy 哲学 7. natural science 自然科学8. matter 物质 9. motion 运动 10. space and time 时空11. energy 能量12. force 力13. the universe 宇宙14. academic disciplines 学科15. astronomy 天文学16. chemistry 化学17. mathematics 数学18. biology 生物19. Scientific Revolution 科学革命20. interdisciplinary各学科间的 21. biophysics 生物物理22. quantum chemistry 量子化学23. mechanism 机制24. avenues 渠道；大街25. advances 前进26. electromagnetism电磁学 27. nuclear physics原子核物理 28. domestic appliances家用电器29. nuclear weapons核武器30. thermodynamics热力学 31. industrialization工业化32. mechanics力学33. calculus微积分34. the theory of classical mechanics经典力学 35. the speed of light 光速36. remarkable卓越的 37. chaos混沌 38. quantum mechanics量子力学39. statistical mechanics 统计力学40. special relativity狭义相对论41. acoustics声学42. statics静力学 43. at rest静止44. kinematics运动学 45. causes原因46. dynamics动力学 47. solid mechanics 固体力学48. fluid mechanics 流体力学49. continuum mechanics 连续介质力学50. hydrostatics流体静力学51. hydrodynamics流体动力学52. aerodynamics气体动力学53. pneumatics气体力学54. sound 声音55. ultrasonics超声学56. sound waves 声波57. frequency 频率58. bioacoustics生物声学 59. electroacoustics电声学60. manipulation操作 61. audible听得见的 62. electronics电子63. visible light 可见光64. infrared红外线 65. ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射66. reflection 反射67. refraction折射68. interference干涉69. diffraction衍射70. dispersion色散71. polarization偏振 72. Heat 热度73. the internal energy内能 74. Electricity 电力75. magnetism磁学 76. electric current电流 77. magnetic field磁场 78. Electrostatics静电学 79. electric charges电荷 80. electrodynamics电动力学 81. magnetostatics静磁学 82. poles磁极 83. matter and energy 物质和能量84. on the very large or very small scale 非常大或非常小的规模85. atomic and nuclear physics 原子与核物理学86. chemical elements化学元素 87. The physics of elementary particles基本粒子 88. high-energy physics 高能物理学89. particle accelerators 粒子加速器90. Quantum theory 量子论91. discrete离散92. subatomic原子内 93. complementary互补 94. The theory of relativity 相对论95. a frame of reference参考系 96. the special theory of relativity 狭义相对论97. general theory of relativity 广义相对论98. gravitation万有引力99. universal law 普遍规律100. absolute time and space 绝对的时间和空间101. space-time 时空102. components组成 103. Max Planck 普朗克104. quantum mechanics 量子力学105. probabilistic概率性 106. quantum field theory量子场 107. dynamical动态的108. curved弯曲的 109. massive巨大的 110. candidate候选 111. quantum gravity 量子重力112. macroscopic宏观 113. properties属性 114. solids 固体115. liquids 液体116. electromagnetic force电磁力 117. atom 原子118. superconducting超导 119. conduction electrons 传导电子120. ferromagnetic 铁磁体121. the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins铁磁和反铁磁的阶段的旋转 122. atomic lattices原子晶格123. solid-state physics 固体物理124. subfields分区；子域125. nanotechnology纳米技术 126. engineering工程学127. quantum treatments 量子治疗128. Atomic physics 原子物理129. electron shells电子壳层 130. trap捕获 131. ions离子132. collision碰撞 133. nucleus原子核 134. hyperfine splitting超精细分裂135. fission and fusion 分裂与融合136. Molecular physics 分子物理137. optical fields 光场138. realm范围139. properties属性 140. distinct区别 141. Particle physics 粒子物理142. elementary constituents基本成分 143. interactions 相互作用144. detectors探测器145. computer programs程序 146. Standard Model 标准模型147. quarks and leptons轻子-夸克148. gauge bosons规范波色子 149. gluons胶子150. photons光子151. nuclear power generation核发电152. nuclear weaponsh核武器 153. nuclear medicine 核医学154. magnetic resonance imaging磁共振成像155. ion implantation离子注入 156. materials engineering 材料工程157. radiocarbon dating放射性碳测定年代158. geology 地质学159. archaeology考古学.160. Astrophysics天体物理学 161. astronomy天文学 162. stellar structure恒星结构163. stellar evolution恒星演化164. solar system太阳系165. cosmology宇宙学166. disciplines学科167. emitted射出 168. celestial bodies天体 169. Perturbations扰动 170. interference干扰 171. Physical cosmology 宇宙物理学172. Hubble diagram哈勃图173. steady state 定态，稳恒态174. Big Bang nucleo-synthesis核合成 175. cosmic microwave background宇宙微波背景 176. cosmological principle 宇宙论原理；宇宙论原则177. cosmic inflation宇宙膨胀178. dark energy 暗能量179. dark matter暗物质 of high-temperature superconductivity 高温超导180. spintronics自旋电子学 181. quantum computers 量子电脑182. the Standard Model 标准模型183. neutrinos中微子 184. solar太阳185. the TeV万亿电子伏 186. the super-symmetric particles 超对称粒子187. quantum gravity 量子重力188. superstring超弦 189. theory and loop圈 190. ultra-high energy cosmic rays高能宇宙射线, 191. the baryon asymmetry重子不对称,192. the acceleration of the universe and the anomalous宇宙的加速和异常 193. rotation旋转 194. galaxies星系.195. turbulence动荡 196. water droplets 水滴197. mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes表面紧张灾难198. heterogeneous多相的 199. aerodynamics 气体力学第二单元所有的红色单词，重要的我标有星号1. classical mechanics 经典力学*2. physical laws 物理定律3. forces 力4. macroscopic 宏观的 5. Projectiles 抛射体6. Spacecraft 太空飞船7. Planets 行星8. Stars 恒星9. Galaxies 星系,银河系10. gases, liquids, solids 气体,液体 固体11. the speed of light 光速12. quantum mechanics 量子力学*13. the atomic nature of matter 物质的原子性质14. waveparticle duality 波粒二象性*15. special relativity 狭义相对论*16. General relativity 广义相对论*17. Newtons law of universal gravitation 牛顿万有引力*18. Newtonian mechanics 牛顿力学*19. Lagrangian mechanics 拉格朗日力学*20. Hamiltonian mechanics 哈密顿力学*21. analytical mechanics 分析力学*22. as point particles 质点*23. Negligible 微不足道的 可忽略的24. position, mass 位置,质量25. Forces 力26. non-zero size 不计形状27. the electron 电子*28. quantum mechanics 量子力学*29. degrees of freedom 自由度*30. Spin 旋转31. Composite 组合的32. center of mass 质心33. the principle of locality 局部性原理34. Position 位置35. reference point 参照点(参照物)*36. in space 在空间37. Origin 原点*38. the vector 矢量39. Particle 质点*40. Function 函数41. Galilean relativity 伽利略相对性原理*42. Absolute 绝对43. time interval 时间间隔44. Euclidean geometry 欧几里得几何学45. Velocity 速度46. rate of change 变化率47. Derivative 倒数*48. Vector 矢量49. Speed 速度50. Acceleration 加速度*51. second derivative 二阶导*52. Magnitude 大小(量级)53. the direction 方向54. or both 55. Deceleration 加速度56. Observer 观察者57. reference frames 参考系*58. inertial frames 惯性系*59. at rest 60. in a state of uniform motion 运动状态一致61. Straight 直的62. physical laws 物理学定理63. non-inertial 非惯性系64. accelerating 加速65. fictitious forces 虚拟力(达朗贝尔力)*66. equations of motion 运动学方程*67. the distant stars 遥远的恒星68. Newton 牛顿69. force and momentum 力和动量70. Newtons second law of motion 牛顿第二定律*71. (canonical) momentum 动量*72. net force 净力73. ordinary differential equation 常微分方程*74. the equation of motion 运动学方程*75. gravitational force 重力*76. Lorentz force 洛伦兹力*77. Electromagnetism 电磁学*78. Newtons third law 牛顿第三定律*79. opposite reaction force 反作用力80. along the line 沿直线81. displacement 位移*82. work done 做功83. scalar product 标极*84. the line integral 线积分*85. path 路径 86. conservative. 守恒*87. Gravity 重力88. Hookes law 胡克定律*89. Friction 摩擦力*90. kinetic energy 动能*91. workenergy theorem 功能关系(动能定理)*92. the change in kinetic energy 动能改变量93. gradient 梯度*94. potential energy 势能*95. Conservative 保守的,守恒的96. potential energy 势能97. total energy 总能量(机械能)*98. conservation of energy 能量守恒*99. linear momentum 线动量100. translational momentum 平移动量101. closed system 封闭系统*102. external forces 外力*103. total linear momentum 总(线)动量 线动量就是动量区别于角动量104. center of mass 质心*105. Eulers first law 欧拉第一定律106. elastic collision 弹性碰撞*107. inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞*108. slingshot maneuver 弹弓机动109. Rigidity 硬度(刚性)*110. Dissipation 损耗*111. inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞112. heat or sound 热或声113. new particles 新粒子114. angular momentum 角动量*115. moment of momentum 瞬时动量*116. rotational inertia 转动惯量*117. rotational velocity 转速*118. rigid body 刚体*119. moment of inertia 惯性力矩*120. angular velocity 角速度*121. linear momentum 线动量122. Crossed 叉乘*123. Position 位置124. angular momentum 角动量125. pseudo-vector 赝矢量*126. right-hand rule 右手规则127. net external torque 净外力转矩128. neutron stars 中子星129. angular momentum 角动量*130. Conservation 守恒131. Gyrocompass 陀螺罗盘132. no external torque 无外力炬133. Isotropy 各向同性*134. Torque 转矩135. central force motion 中心力移动136. white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes 白矮星,中子星,黑洞第三单元 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics: 热力学；热力的Heat ：热；热力；热度Work：功macroscopic variables：肉眼可见的；宏观的，粗观的，粗显的。Temperature：温度internal energy：内能entropy：熵pressure：压力；压强radiation：辐射；照射；放射物microscopic constituents：微观构成statistical mechanics：统计力学（机械学）engines：机械，机器phase transitions：相的跃迁chemical reactions：化学反应transport phenomena ：运动（传输）现象black holes：黑洞calculation：计算；预测Aerospace engineering：航空航天工程Mechanical engineering：机械工程Kinetic energy：动能Bulk : 体积；容积potential energy：势能Transfers of energy：能量的转换Irreversibility：不可逆的Efficiency：功率；效能；性能steam engines：蒸汽能Nicolas Lonard Sadi Carnot：卡诺formulate：公式Atomic constitution：原子构成Macroscopic variables：宏观变量Thermodynamic equilibrium：热力学平衡Subsystems：分部，分体系interact with：影响intermediate：中间Equations of state：一般状态Volume：体积Assemblies：系集（集合）Hamiltonian dynamics：哈密顿力学statistical thermodynamics：统计热力学statistical mechanics：统计力学Equivalence ：等效Net ：纯粹Thermometers：温度计absolute thermodynamic temperatures：绝对热力学温度Calorimetric：量热学heat transfer：热量传递conservation of energy：能量守恒Dissipation：消散Isolated system：孤立系统Increase：增加；增大Maximum value at equilibrium；平衡的最大值Randomness：无规则的Nuclide：核种Quarks：夸克Quantum thermodynamics.量子热力学Fixed:确定的Dynamic：动力的，动力学的Time-invariant processes：时间恒定过程Turbulent flow:急流流动Expansion：膨胀Porous plug：多空塞Presupposition：假定，预想，臆测Gravity：重力Magnetism：磁性，磁力，磁学，Homogeneous：均匀的；齐次；Spatially uniform：空间相同zero-dimensional：零空间intensive variables：集中变量extensive variables：广泛变量chemical concentration：化学浓度density of mass：质量的密度stand-out：突出quantity：数量conserved：保守The stand-out quantity entropy is never conserved in real physical processes：熵的总量在真实物理过程中不保守Dissipate：浪费，消散Enthalpy：焓；热含量Conjugate：结合；共轭Contumacy：抗拒Contiguity：邻近Discontinuity：不连续性，突变的water vapour：水蒸气constraints：约束，局促Isobaric：同重元素的，表示等压的isometric/isovolumetric：立方系Isothermal：等温的，等温线Adiabatic：绝热的Isentropic：等熵的Conjugate：共轭的Zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律 First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律internal energy 内能closed system 封闭系统heat 热work 功Second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Spontaneously 自发地、自然地Third law of thermodynamics 热力学第三定律absolute zero 绝对零度entropy 熵equivalence relation 等价关系 thermodynamic systems 热力学系统 net exchange 净交换 temperature 温度thermometers 温度计、体温计absolute thermodynamic temperatures 绝对热力学温度calorimetry 量热法heat transfer 热交换 combination of heat and work 热量和功的结合processes 过程changes of the state of systems 系统状态的改变conservation of energy 能量守恒定律created 被创造destroyed 被毁坏dissipation 损耗kinetic 运动的potential 电势、势的isolated system 孤立系统 increase 增加、增大maximum value at equilibrium 达到平衡时的最大值randomness 不可测性irreversibility 不可逆性absolute zero of temperature 绝对零度the entropy of all systems and of all states of a system is smallest at absolute zero 所有系统和一个系统所有状态的熵在绝对零度的时候最小it is impossible to reach the absolute zero of temperature by any finite number of processes 通过有限次数的过程是不可能达到绝对零度的the thermodynamic system 热力学系统surroundings 外界boundary 边界matter 物质a steam engine 蒸汽机a tropical cyclone 热带气旋 atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学nuclide 核素quarks 夸克quantum thermodynamics 量子热力学fixed 固定的moveable 可移动的real 实的imaginary 虚的closed systems 封闭系统open system 开放系统 adiabatically 绝热地 dynamic 动态的states of a system 系统的状态processes of a system 系统的过程states of thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡状态 time-invariant processes 定常过程cyclic processes 循环过程account 考虑notion 概念turbulent flow 湍流、紊流gas mixture 混合气体Knudsen gas 克努曾气体 mean free path 平均自由程 Joule-Thomson expansion 焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀bulk flow kinetic energy 总体流动动能internal energy 内能temperature 温度Valve 阀porous plug 多孔塞thermoelectric effects 热电效应diffusion 扩散working body工作体，工作系统two heat reservoirs 两个热库thermodynamic state 热力学状态state variables 状态量gravity 重力electricity 电magnetism 磁性homogeneous 均匀spatially uniform 空间均匀zero-dimensional 零维intensive variables 强度量extensive variables 广延量total mass and total volume 总质量和总体积pressure 压力 chemical concentration 化学浓度 density of mass 质量密度density of internal energy 内部能量密度density of entropy 熵密度entropy 熵stand-out 突出的The stand-out quantity entropy 突出量熵conserved 守恒rreversible 不可逆转的deterministic chaos 确定的混乱radically unpredictable 完全不可预测的heat 热dissipates 消散 the Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能the Helmholtz free energy 亥姆霍兹自由能the enthalpy 焓Conjugate 共轭conjugacy共轭性phases 阶段discontinuity 不连续water vapour 水蒸气contiguity 接触the boundaries 界限 equations of state 状态方程characteristic equations 特征方程constraints 约束thermodynamic process 热力学过程changes 变化quantities 数量the independent variables 独立的变量dependent variables 因变量conjugate 共轭Isobaric 等压Isochoric 等体积的isometric/ isovolumetric 等距/定容的Isothermal 等温Adiabatic 绝热Isentropic 等熵Isenthalpic 等焓Enthalpy 焓Isolated process 孤立的过程the First Law 第一定律Conjugate variables 共轭变量Thermodynamic potentials 热力学势Internal energy 内能Helmholtz free energy 亥姆霍兹自由能Gribbs free energy Gribbs自由能Landau potential(Grand potential) 朗道势Evaporation 蒸发Sublimation 升华第四单元fundamental interactions 基本相互作用 strong interaction 强相互作用 weak interaction 弱相互作用 gravitation 万有引力 electromagnetic fields 电磁场 electrically charged 带电 uncharged magnetic 不带磁的conductors 导体 lorentz force 洛伦兹力 electricity 电流 magnetism 磁性，磁力 intermolecular forces 分子间作用力 molecule 分子electrons 电子electromagnetic wave mechanics 电磁波动力学 atomic nucleus 原子核 atom 原子chemistry 化学classical electrodynamics 经典电动力学 electric fields 电场electric potential 电势electric current 电流Ohms law 欧姆定律 magnetic fields 磁场electromagnetic induction 电磁感应Maxwells equations 麦克斯韦方程组 charge 充电current （水，气，电）流 permeability 导磁系数 permittivity 介电常数 special relativity 狭义相对论 stationary or slow-moving electric charges 静止或缓慢移动的电荷 antiquity 古代amber 琥珀rubbing 摩擦Coulombs law 库仑定律proton 质子hydrogen atom 氢原子orders of magnitude 数量级 gravitational force 地心吸力 resistance 阻力 electrical flow 电流 discharge 放电shock 使受电击 nonconductive 不传导的,绝缘的 surface area 曲面面积 sphere 天体 the vacuum permittivity 真空介电常数electrically charged particles 带电粒子 magnetic fields 磁场force 力test particle 试验粒子 newtons per coulomb (NC1) 每库仑牛顿 volts per meter (Vm1) 每米伏数 strength 力magnitude 大小；量级 electrical energy 电能energy density 能量密度 square 平方quantum electrodynamics 量子电动力学 photons 光子 electric flux 电通，电通量hypothetical surface 假设表面total electric charge 总电荷integral equation 积分方程（式）differential form 微分形式divergence 发散Irrotational 无旋gradient 梯度，陡度; （温度、气压等）变化率，梯度变化曲线electrostatic potential 静电势，静电位Voltage 电压Steady 稳定的，不变的Magnetization 磁化; 磁化强度; 磁化作用magnetic switching 磁性开关Micromagnetics 微磁学magnetic recording 磁记录magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流magnetostatic 静磁Approximation 近似Ampres circuital law 安培环路定理Gausss law for magnetism 磁场的高斯定理steady current 恒定电流; 直流continual flow of charges line integral 线积分full displacement 全位移unit vector 单位矢向量Differential 微分magnetic constant 磁性常数closed curve 闭合曲线; 闭曲线counter-example 反例superposition principle 叠加原理vector sum 矢量和Infinitesimal 无限小; 极微量; 极小量KelvinStokes theorem 开尔文斯托克斯定理Magnetostatic 静磁的closed curve 闭合曲线; 闭曲线Surface 表面three-dimensional 三维的; 立体的ampere per square metre 安培每平方米Ambiguities 意义不明确; 模棱两可的意思Clockwise 顺时针方向的; 右旋的Counterclockwise 逆时针方向的Normal 正交的；正常的; 正规的，标准的the right-hand rule 右手定则The right hand grip rule 右手螺旋法则the curl operator 旋度算子 Magnetized 磁化的Polarized 极化的magnetization current 磁化电流 bound charge 束缚电荷polarizable materials 极化材料 polarization current 极化电流free space 自由空间dielectric 介质polarization density 极化强度 electric displacement field 电位移场electric constant 真空电容率relative stat