英国议会和美国国会区别中英文.doc

精品文档What are the major differences between the US parliament and the UK parliament?1. First, although the United States Congress and the British Parliament both are bicameral systems, they are different in composition. The US Congress is divided into the Senate and house of Representatives. The most obvious difference between the Senate and the house is their size. There are 435 members in the house of Representatives, but the number of senators is 100. The British Parliament is divided into the house of Lords and the house of Commons. Members of the house of Lords are usually British nobles and members of the house of Commons are civilians.首先，美国国会和英国议会虽然都是两院制，但是两院的组成不同。美国国会分为参议院和众议院。参议院和众议院最明显的差别是它们的大小。众议院中有各州众议院议员435名，而参议员来自50个州，为数100名。英国议会分为上议院和下议院。上议院成员都是英国贵族，下议院成员都是平民。2. There are more than 1000 members of the British Parliament and the United States Congress has only 535 members. No matter the number of people in the two chambers or the total number, they are much less than in Britain. 英国上下院共一千多人，美国国会共535人，不论各院人数还是总人数，都比英国要少的多。3. The meeting time of the British Parliament is different from that of the United States Congress. The British Parliament has a regular meeting time of two meetings each year. The first session begins at the end of 3 and ends in early August. The second session begins at the end of October and ends before Christmas in December. But the time and duration of the United States Congress are not fixed.英国议会和美国国会的开会时间不同。英国议会开会时间较为规律，每年开会两次，第一会期从3月末开始，到8月初结束，第二会期从10月底开始，到12月圣诞节前结束。而美国国会开会时间和长短并不固定。4. The British government consists of political parties with a majority of seats in parliament, which is responsible to Parliament and answers questions from parliamentary. Any motion proposed by the government may face a non-confidence motion from parliament, which would force the prime minister to resign, or dissolve the parliament for a general election. The US government is appointed by the president. It is responsible to the president, but not accountable to Congress. The president has the power to elect heads of all administrative departments, as well as hundreds of other senior federal officials.英国政府由在议会中占多数席位的政党组成，对议会负责，回答议会质询。政府提出的任何议案如果未获议会通过，就将可能面临议会的不信任动议，而这项不信任投票一旦通过则将迫使首相或宣布辞职，或解散议会重新举行大选。美国政府部门由总统任命，对总统负责，不对国会负责。总统有权选任所有行政部门的机关首长，以及其它数百名联邦政府高级官员。5. The way to form the parliament is somewhat different. In UK, members of the house of Commons are formulated by general election, but members of the house of Lords are formed by the appointment of the King or the Queen. In America, both the senate and house of Representatives are formed by general election.组建议会的方式有所不同。在英国，下议院成员是由普选产生的，但上议院成员是由国王或女王任命的。在美国，参议院和众议院都是由普选产生的。6. Then, the British Parliament is the center of the state power and the highest legislature, and it is in the highest position which is superior to any other organ. The US Congress has legislative power, but it is not the center of state power. The powers of the president, Parliament and court restrict each other.英国议会是国家权力的中心和最高立法机构，英国议会居于优越于其他机关的最高地位。美国国会掌握立法权，但不是国家权力中心。总统、国会、法院三权分立。7. The terms and election time of members of the British Parliament are different from those of members of the United States. The Congress of the United States has a term of 2 years. The US Congress elects every two years, and every election will elect all the representatives and 1/3 of the senators. Because the term of members of the house of Representatives is two years, and when elected, all members of the house of representatives are elected. The term of office of the senator is six years. In order to ensure continuity of the Senates work, each election is only elected to 1/3 of the senators. Members of the house of Lords are not elected, and the British parliamentary elections only elect members of the house of Commons. The term of office of prime ministers and members of the house of Commons is 5 years. Therefore, the prime minister will generally choose a favorable year before the expiration of his term of office to announce a general election. Since 1935, every general election is held on Thursday.英国议会和美国国会议员的任期和选举时间不同。美国国会每届任期2年，每两年进行一次国会选举，每次选举要选举所有的众议员和三分之一的参议员，因为众议员的任期为每届两年，届满全部改选，而参议员的任期为六年，为了保证参议院工作的连续性所以每次选举只改选三分之一的参议员。英国议会上议院议员不是选举产生，英国议会选举只选举下议院议员。首相和下院议员的任期同为5年，因此，首相一般会在任期届满前一年左右选择有利时机宣布提前举行大选。从1935年起，每届大选都在周四举行。 8. The leader of the majority of the British Parliament is appointed by the king as prime minister, and the prime minister as the leader of the parliamentary majority, can manipulate Parliament and have the power to dissolve parliament and re-election. The US Congress can impeach the president, but the president has no right to dissolve the Congress.英国议会多数党的领袖由国王任命为首相，首相作为议会多数党领袖能操纵议会，并且有权解散议会，重新大选。美国国会可以弹劾总统，但总统无权解散国会。9. The two houses of the United States Congress have relatively equal power and status. Both houses of Congress have the right to create bills and consider bills from the other side. In Britain, the house of Lords has no power to legislate, and the legislative power is in the hands of the house of Commons.美国国会两院具有相对平等的权力和地位。美国国会两院都有权创制法案和审议来自对方的法案。在英国，上院无权立法，立法权完全掌握在下院手中。10. The power of the United States Congress is scattered. In the United States, the national leader of a political party is the president. He has no right to directly participate in the legislative activities of the Congress, and the political party of the Congress has no strict party discipline, which results in the decentralization of legislative power. In Britain, because of the i