农村社会救助论文：农村社会求助与政府行为选择研究.doc

农村社会救助论文：农村社会求助与政府行为选择研究【中文摘要】进入新世纪,我国正处于体制转轨、结构调整、社会转型的特殊历史时期,面临着许多困难和挑战,如何有效化解矛盾,解决社会众多利益主体的冲突问题,实现社会和谐,是摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。当前我国农村社会救助成效显著:救助制度不断完善,救助法制不断健全;救助投入不断增大、范围逐步扩大、水平持续提高;救助经费来源稳定可靠;非政府组织及群众也积极参与其中。但由于农村社会救助自身的不完善及农村贫困形势的复杂性和严峻性,总体上仍显供需失衡。从表象看,是由于国家或政府对农村社会救助的制度和物质供给不足,致使农民社会保障(救助)权没能充分实现。然而深究其本质,受国家和政府在农村社会救助中责任的缺失、城乡二元结构以及农民“话语权”的缺乏等因素的影响,农民一系列权利的弱势和缺失,才是导致农村社会救助供需矛盾的根源所在。农民权利的缺失不仅表现为社会保障(救助)权,还表现在与之密切相关的其他权利如迁徙自由权、劳动权、受教育权等。这些权利的缺失不但从一定程度上造成了农民经济和权利上的贫困,增大了对农村社会救助的需求,降低了获取农村社会救助的能力。同时也正因为国家或政府长期以来对农民权利的忽略,对农村社会救助的供给偏少,造成了与需求的不匹配。因而,确保农民社会保障权等一系列社会权利的实现,是改善农村社会救助,实现农村社会救助供需平衡的重要途径。毋庸置疑的是,保障农民权利、改善农村社会救助最终均离不开政府,需要通过政府的行为选择来实现。也唯有如此才能确保农民享受改革和发展的成果,切实维护和实现社会的公平与正义。【英文摘要】Entering the new century, China is in the special historical period of system transition, structural adjustment and social transition, facing many difficulties and challenges. How to resolve conflicts, solve social conflicts of many social benefit subjects effectively and achieve social harmony, is a major issue placed in front of us. Currently, the rural social assistance has got remarkable achievement. The assistance system is perfecting and the legal system of social assistance is improving constantly. At the same time, the investment in social assistance is increasing continuously, and the scope of social assistance is expanding gradually. Not only the level of social assistance is improving continuously, the funding for social assistance is stable and reliable. Finally, the non-governmental organizations and the masses actively participate in the rural social assistance. However, because of the imperfections of the rural social assistance, and the complexity and the seriousness of the situation of rural poverty, the imbalance between supply and demand generally remained. From the appearance of view, thanks to the shortage of supply of the system and material of the rural social assistance from the state or government, which has brought about that the right of the social security of farmers has not been fully realized?But in fact, the absence of responsibility of the state and government in the rural social assistance, urban-rural dual structure, the farmers discourse right and other factors that lead to the lack of a series of rights of farmers. I think that the lack of a series of rights of farmersis the cause of the imbalance between supply and demand of the rural social assistance. Not only had the right of the social security of farmers, but also in closely related to the right of the social security of farmersother rights ,such as freedom of movement, labor rights, education and so on been in the state of lack. The Lack of these rights not only leaded the farmers to be poverty on the right and economy to some extent, increased demand for the rural social assistance, and also reduced the ability to obtain the rural social assistance. Meanwhile, it is precisely because that the state or government has long ignored the rights of farmers, which causes that the supply of the rural social assistance is less than normal, resulting in a mismatch with the demand. Therefore, to ensure of the realization of the right of the social security and other social rights of farmers is an important way to improve the rural social assistance and balance the supply and demand of the rural social assistance. There is no doubt that the protection of the rights of farmers and the improvement of the rural social assistance is ultimately inseparable from the government, which need the selection of governments behaviors to achieve this goal. This will ensure that the farmers can enjoy the fruits of reform and development, and effectively safeguard and realize the societiesfairness and justice.【关键词】农村社会救助 权利缺失 弱势群体 政府行为选择【英文关键词】The Rural Social Assistance Lack of Right Vulnerable Groups The Selection of Government Behaviors【目录】农村社会求助与政府行为选择研究摘要5-6Abstract6-7一、绪论10-18（一） 选题理由与意义10-111、选题背景102、选题意义10-11（二） 国内外相关研究综述状况11-161、国外相关研究文献综述11-132、国内相关研究文献综述13-153、国内外社会救助研究评价15-16（三） 研究方法16（四） 研究思路与论文的基本框架16-17（五） 主要创新点与不足17-18二、农村社会救助现状与农民权利缺失18-28（一） 我国农村社会救助现状与问题18-231、农村社会救助制度逐步完善，法制不断健全18-192、农村社会救助投入不断增大、救助范围逐步扩大、水平持续提高19-203、非政府组织及群众参与，补充作用明显20-214、经费来源稳定可靠，中央和地方分级负担、分级管理21-23（二） 我国农民权利缺失的表现23-281、迁徙自由权无制度保障232、劳动权利未能完全实现23-243、社会保障权保证不足244、受教育权重视不够24-265、环境权被淡化26-28三、农民权利缺失的原因及影响28-34（一） 我国农民权利缺失的原因28-311、国家和政府在农村社会救助制度建设中责任主体的缺位和责任内容的不完整28-292、城乡二元结构的制度约束29-303、农民“话语权”的缺乏与式微30-31（二） 我国农民权利缺失对农村社会救助的影响31-341、农民权利缺失对农民获得农村社会救助的影响31-322、农民权利缺失对农村社会救助供给的影响32-333、农民权利缺失对社会稳定的影响33-34四、主要发达国家社会救助的经验34-37（一） 福利国家型社会救助34-35（二） 公保自助型社会救助35（三） 自我积累型社会救助35-37五、政府行为选择与农村社会救助的改善37-48（一） 政府行为选择与农民权利保障38-391、进行普法宣传，提高权利意识382、按照立法先行的原则，建立健全农村法制，为农民权利保护提供依据38-393、坚持依法行政和公正司法39（二） 政府在农村社会救助中的角色定位39-43