高考重难点名词性从句精讲.ppt

名词性从句 名词性从句的特点是从句都有关联词引导 从句的语序和陈述句的语序相同 名词性从句 2 宾语从句 3 表语从句 4 同位语从句 1 主语从句 这是一本书 Thisisabook 陈述句 这是书吗 Isthisabook 疑问句 1 连接词 whether that 2 连接代词 Who whoever Whom whomever whose What whatever Which whichever 3 连接副词 when why where how Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 主语 表语 1 主语从句 subjectclause 在一个完整的句子里 主语部分还含有主谓两大部分结构的句子叫主语从句 引导主语从句的关联词不能省略 例 谁去这不重要 Whowillgoisnotimportant 主语 例 我们需要的是更多的时间 Whatweneedismoretime 主语 例 他住在哪里我们都不知道 Wherehelivesisunknowntous 主语 例 不太清楚她为什么迟到 Whyshewaslateisunclear 主语 例 这本书怎么销售取决于它的作者 Howthebookwillbesolddependsonitswriter 1Thathewillsucceediscertain 2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3Whathesaidisnottrue 4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5Whoevercomesiswelcome 6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 7Whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet SubjectClause 主语从句 Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowthatheisateacher 宾语 宾语 2 宾语从句 objectclause 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句 一般放在及物动词 介词后 连接代词who whom what which whose 连接副词when why where how 连词that whether if引导 例 我希望一切都好 Ihope that everythingwillbeallright 动宾 例 你知道他在哪里吗 Doyouknowwhereheis 动宾 例 老师清楚她为什么迟到了 Theteacherhasfoundoutwhyshewaslate 动宾 例 对于他说的话 我感到很惊讶 Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid 介宾 例 我认为他们知道怎样做这个练习 Ithoughtthattheyknewhowtodothisexercise 动宾 宾语从句从句中 连词that只起连接作用 没有实际作用 可以省略 而其他的关连词却不能省略 宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分 可以作谓语动词 介词 不定式等非谓语动词的宾语 Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses 在主 谓 it 形式宾语 宾补 that从句 真正宾语 的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中 第二个that不省略 Hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 2 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 连接词 when where why how because that whether if 连接代词 Who whom whose which what 连接副词 Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim That sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry That swhyIwaslate 表语从句 在句中充当表语成分 一般放在连系动词之后 作用 对主语进行解释说明 表语从句 3 表语从句 在连系动词之后的句子叫做表语从句 例 问题是谁能去那里 Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere 表语 例 那是他为什么迟到的原因 Thatiswhyhewaslate 表语 例 问题是我们什么时候得到答案 Thequestioniswhenwe llgettheanswer 表语 例 问题不是谁去 而是谁留下来 Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay 表语 4 同位语从句 同位语从句起着进一步解释或说明它前面的名词的作用 通常由that或when where why how whether引导 同位语从句常与下列先行词一起出现 fact truth doubt suggestion idea question problem hope thought fear等 Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback 同位语从句 例 我们明天放假的消息不是真的 Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue 同位语从句 1 Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 WordcamethatNapoleonwascomingtoinspectthem 3 SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness 同位语从句 1 TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina Weheardthenewslastnight Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina 4 Timetravelispossible Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline ManyBritishparentsholdtheview ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy A ThatB WhatC WhyD If2 Iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome A thatB ifC whetherD what3 Thisis hewasoftenlateforschool A whatB thatC whyD whether4 Weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun A if movedB that movesC why moveD whether move 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 Practice Atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn tseeanything ThefactthatPollydidn taskfortheman snameisapity PredictiveClause 表语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause同位语从句 Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem It isusedasemptysubject 形式主语 为避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 1 Itiscertainthathewillsucceed 2 Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere 3 Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey llstarttheproject 4 Itworriesherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey It slikely possible important necessary clearthat 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 It ssaid reportedthat 据说 据报道 Itseems appears happensthat 显然 明显 碰巧 It sbeenannounced declaredthat 已经通知 宣布 It snowonderthat 并不奇怪 无疑 It sapity afact acommonknowledge 众所周知 acommonsaying 俗话说 that 在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句 分析下列宾语从句中的连词 Idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed Idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight Idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3个句子中的连词that whether if 是否 在名词性从句中只起连接作用 在句中不担任成分 被称为连接词注意 A that本身无意义 在宾语从句中可以省略 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略 B whether和if有是否的意义 在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换 但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句 而if仅可以用于宾语从句 引导名词从句的关联词 连接词 一 名词性从句的语序 1 名词性从句构成有两种 a That 陈述句 Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall Thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名词性从句考点归纳 b 疑问词 句子的剩余成分 2 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序 不能用一般疑问句语序 Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗 F T T F 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜 Couldyoutellmewherehelives Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive 二 名词性从句连接词的选用 1 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导所有的名词从句 但是 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可做从句的主语 宾语 或表语 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Theresultis wewonthegame 4 Thisis wewanttoknow 5 Is hetoldustrue 6 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 Ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 Ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon What That that what what what that what a 主语从句b 表语从句c 同位语从句d 介词后的宾语从句e whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo fwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if g动词discuss后 if和whether的选用 不能使用if的情况 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 We reworriedabout heissafe 4 Idon tknow heiswellornot 5 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 Idon tknow togo if whether Whether whether whether whether whether whether whether if whether 其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义 正确的选择who which when where why how等连接词 这些连接词既具有疑问含义 又起连接作用 同时在从句中充当各种成分 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃 Idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他长的什么样子 Ihavenoidea helookslike 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方 Thisis Ileftmyglasses When who what where that可省略的情况 that不可省略的情况 主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略 引导词that的省略 单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1 Idon tthink sheiscoming 2 Itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 Thereasonis heiscareless 4 Thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 Idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadEnglishaloud 6 Hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that 1 同位语从句的格式 2 能接同位语从句的名词有 3 连接词通常是that 也可根据含义选用 三 同位语从句的引导和辨别 n 连接词 从句 order belief suggestion advice information等 whether what when where等来引导同位语从句 fact idea 1 Ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 Hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 Hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise 4 Ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 Ihavesomedoubt hewillwin where how that that whether that whether where how 1 定语从句是先行词的修饰语 它不涉及先行词的具体内容 定语从句中that不但起连接作用 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略 2 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明 表明中心词的具体内容 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分 只起连接作用 无具体含义 且不可省略 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain 1 Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue 定从 同从 同从 定从 AttributiveorAppositive 1 Thereason wedidn ttrusthimwas heoftenlied 2 Thereason hegaveforhisabsentwas hewasill why that that that Practicetime 1 Theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertoChina A whichB thatC whomD when2 Thefact hedidn tseeTomyesterdayistrue A thatB whichC whenD what3 Ihavenoidea hewillcomeback A whereB whenC whatD that Choosethebestanswer 4 Thenews surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse A thatB whenC whatD how5 Oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright A whatthatB thatwhichC thatwhatD whichthat6 Wordhascome someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek A whatB whetherc thatD which 7 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how8 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that9 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because 10 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because11 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif 12 Itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm A whichB whereC whatD that13 Ihavetheinformation A ofwhathe llcomesoonB thathe llcomesoonC ofthathe llcomesoonD hiscomingsoon 14 Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball itmademenearlymad A ThathebrokeB WhathebrokeC HebrokeD Hisbreak15 Itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime A howB thatC whenD what 16 CanIhelpyou Yes doyouknow A whencomesthebusB whenwillcomethebusC whendoesthebuscomeD whenthebuscomes17 Hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich A thatB ifC whatD thatif 18 Theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofall A what thatB it thatC what whenD which what 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how2 Itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how3 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC isthoughtthatD isthoughtthat4 It heislateforclass A maythatB mightthatC maybethatD mightbewhat5 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what6 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whichD when 7 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what8 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what9 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where10 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuildC bebuiltD willbebuilt11 Myadviceisthathe r