Pop Quiz one-参考答案.doc

Pop Quiz on “The Doctrine of The Golden Mean” Name: School: SID: Words Explanation (5 points for each):1. Intuitive: able to know or understand something because of feelings rather than facts or proof, e.g. Most people have an intuitive sense of right and wrong. In the text “the spirit of reasonableness is largely intuitive” which means that the spirit of common sense is an immediate and very straightforward feeling without much of logical thinking.2. Moderation: the trait of being within reasonable limits ; opposed to excessive, extreme or radical views and measures. A man with moderation tends to refrain from extreme, radical conducts and embrace mild, temperate ones.3. Dogged: very determined to do something even it is very difficult. In the text this word carries more of a derogatory (贬义的）sense, which means stubborn and hard headed to prove themselves being right and others wrong.4. Futility: the quality of having no useful result; uselessness or lack of purpose or meaning. This word, in the text, refers to the very attitude that a Buddhist may hold toward life and the universe that whatever we humans do, we all are going to end up going nowhere and achieving nothing. 5. Buddhist Complex: A man with Buddhist Complex feels pretty strong attachment to Buddha and always tends to adore just everything about Buddhism and behave himself or herself in full accordance with the principles and commandments of Buddhism. 6. Asceticism: the trait of rigorous self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures), in the text, particularly the sexual pleasure. A man with asceticism believes that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state.Translate the following sentences into Chinese (15 points for each):1. An educated man should, above all, be reasonable being, who is always characterized by his common sense, his love of moderation and restraint, and his hatred of abstract theories and logical extremes. 一个有教养的人，首先应当是一个通情达理之人：知人情，晓常理；尚中庸，懂隐忍；憎恶抽象学理以及极端逻辑。2. The hatred of any mechanistic view of the law and government is so great that it has made government by law impossible in China. A rigorous, harshly legalistic regime, or a really impersonal administration of the law, has always failed among us.中国人对于有关法律和政府的一切机械论观点都反感至极，以至于法制政府在中国竟毫无立足之地。一个粗暴而残酷的法制政权，又或者一个完全没有人情味的执法作风，在中国总是屡试屡败。Questions (20 points for each):1. Please use specific examples to illustrate the meaning of the word “Mean” of “The Doctrine of Golden Mean”? Write no less than 50 words.The word “Mean” of “ The Doctrine of Golden Mean” can be loosely translated as “an attitude features occupying a middle or intermediate position between two extremes”. If a man applies the Doctrine of Golden Mean to deal with a problem, s/he will refrain from going to any radical or extreme measures which probably incurs in a state of turmoil or unrest, instead, s/he resorts to a milder and more reasonable and intermediate manner to maintain the stability on the overall sense. A case might justify the attitude of Golden Mean well is the issue of sexual passion mentioned by Lin. With Buddhism and Calvinism regarding sex as the culmination of sin and discouraging their disciples from any sexual intercourse on the one side, and naturalism glorifying sexual passion as a symbolism of virility and the strength of man over woman in sexual power on the other side, the Confucianism, however, with the spirit of Golden Mean, connects sex with the perpetuation of the family and the race, in other words, sexual passion is closely linked with peoples need for marriage, family and extension of generation by generation. Neither despising sexual passion as filthy and sinful like Buddhism or Calvinism, nor singing highly of it being a way of showing mans power over woman like naturalism, Confucianism refrains from the two extremes and views sex from a more humane and reasonable angle, and of course, comes to the consequence which is actually much closer to the truth. “Law is no more than human relationship”, which is something that most of the Chinese believe and take for granted. Try explain how the Doctrine of Golden Mean attitude has affected Chinese peoples view of political system and governing. Write no less than 70 words“Law is no more than human relationship” is a sound indication of the power struggle between law and human relationship in China. Different from those regimes which always put laws above all and claim the unequaled sovereignty of law over any single being, Chinese political system allows much of personal relationship to get involved in the administration of law. This usually sounds ridiculous in the first place, but will become eventually understandable after we take a close look at the impact of the Golden Mean on Chinese political history. The Doctrine of Golden Mean advocates the appliance of a reasonable and moderate and humane manner to deal with the world and the people, hence in its essence, it hates anything unreasonable, immoderate and inhuman. The spirit of Golden Mean is so well understood that Chinese earliest emperor Yao, in his time, already knew well enough to advise the next emperor to “hold the Mean” to rule the people. Its obvious that Chinese political system and governing has been imprinted with the tenor of Golden Mean since they firstly come into being.The case of Shang Yang, as a