S技术在水利工程中的应用-遥感.ppt

RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Canbeverygeneral e g Theacquisitionofphysicaldataofanobjectwithouttouchorcontact LintzandSimonett 1976 Theobservationofatargetbyadevicesomedistanceaway BarrettandCurtis 1982 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Canbeverygeneral e g Theacquisitionofphysicaldataofanobjectwithouttouchorcontact LintzandSimonett 1976 Theobservationofatargetbyadevicesomedistanceaway BarrettandCurtis 1982 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Ormorespecific e g Theuseofelectromagneticradiationsensorstorecordimagesoftheenvironment whichcanbeinterpretedtoyieldusefulinformation Curran 1985 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Ormorespecific e g Theuseofelectromagneticradiationsensorstorecordimagesoftheenvironment whichcanbeinterpretedtoyieldusefulinformation Curran 1985 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Ormorespecific e g Theuseofsensors normallyoperatingatwavelengthsfromthevisibletothemicrowave tocollectinformationabouttheEarth satmosphere oceans landandicesurfaces Harris 1987 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing Ormorespecific e g Theuseofsensors normallyoperatingatwavelengthsfromthevisibletothemicrowave tocollectinformationabouttheEarth satmosphere oceans landandicesurfaces Harris 1987 RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing 遥远感知事物 不直接接触目标物 在距离地物一定距离的地方 使用遥感器接受地面物体发射或发射的电磁波信号 记录并传送到地面 经过信息处理 判读分析和野外实地验证 最终形成影象供用户使用 DefinitionsofRemoteSensing MaincharacteristicsPhysicalseparationbetweensensorandtargetMedium electromagneticradiation sonarisanexception Devicetosampleandmeasureradiation sensor Targetistheterrestrialenvironment atmosphere oceans landsurface RemoteSensing遥感 Physicalseparationbetweensensorandtarget Medium electromagneticradiation sonarisanexception Devicetosampleandmeasureradiation sensor Targetistheterrestrialenvironment atmosphere oceans landsurface RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions Thenaturalenvironmentis extremelycomplexhighlyvariable spaceandtime complicatedfurtherbyhumanaction RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing Normally weexperienceourworldwhilelivingonitssurfacefromamoreorlesshorizontalviewpoint But undertheseconditionsourviewisusuallylimitedtoareasofafewsquaremilesatmostowingtoobstructionssuchasbuildings trees andtopography Thetotalareaencompassedinourvistasisconsiderablyenlargedifwepeerdownwardfrom say atallbuildingoramountaintop RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing HistoryofRemoteSensing Remotesensingbeganwithaerialphotography RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing Firstphotographstakenin1839 RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing 1858GasperFelixTournachon Nadar takesphotographofvillageofPetitBicetreinFrancefromaballoon RemoteSensing遥感 ParisbyNadar circa1859 RemoteSensing遥感 BostonbyBlackandKing 1860 RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 themostnovelplatformatthebeginningofthe20thcenturywasthefamedBavarianpigeonfleetthatoperatedinEurope HistoryofRemoteSensing Pigeonsatthereadyareshownhere withafamed1903picturetakenofaBavariancastle RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing 1903 firstplanemadebyWrightbrothers 1909 Firstphotosfromanaeroplane WorldWarOnewasamajorimpetustodevelopmentofaerialphotography Afterthewarthetechnologywasinplacetobeginlargescaleaerialsurveys RemoteSensing遥感 TheSovietUnionsurprisedtheworldwhentheylaunchedSputnik theworld sfirstsatellite onOctober4 1957 Explorer 1wasthefirstsuccessfulU S earthsatellitelaunchedonJanuary31 1958 123daysafterSputnik 1 TIROS 1 TelevisionInfraredObservationSatellite wasthefirstweathersatellitelaunchedonApril1 1960TIROS1pavedthewayforgenerationsofweathersatellites Explorer 1 TIROS 1 RemoteSensing遥感 TIROS 1versusGOES 8 StarkcontrastbetweenfirstTIROSimageandthefull colorfull EarthimagethatGOES 8producestoday RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 1970年4月24日 中国第一颗人造卫星 东方红1号 成功上天 成为继苏联 美国 法国和日本之后第五个发射卫星的国家 HistoryofRemoteSensing RemoteSensing遥感 1972thefirstLANDSATwaslaunched HistoryofRemoteSensing 1991thefirstterrestrialradarsatellite 1986thefirstcommercialFrenchsatelliteSPOTbecameoperational RemoteSensing遥感 HistoryofRemoteSensing RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions Typesofaerialphotograph 空中摄影 航空摄影 VerticalLowobliqueHighoblique RemoteSensing遥感 TypesofaerialphotographVerticalLowoblique nohorizon Highoblique RemoteSensing遥感 TypesofaerialphotographVerticalLowobliqueHighoblique RemoteSensing遥感 TypesofaerialphotographVerticalismostimportantasithasminimumdistortionandcanbeusedfortakingmeasurements RemoteSensing遥感 Typesofaerialphotograph Fiducialmarks RemoteSensing遥感 Typesofaerialphotograph Fiducialaxes RemoteSensing遥感 Typesofaerialphotograph Principalpoint Marginalinformation RemoteSensing遥感 TypesofaerialphotographAnaerialphotographmissionwillbeflowninstrips shuttertimingsetfor60 endlap neededforparallax andstripsspacedfor30 sidelap toavoidmissingbits RemoteSensing遥感 TypesofaerialphotographEndlap orforelap istheimportantbitItensureseverypointonthegroundappearsinatleasttwophotographs RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions RemoteSensing遥感 Photogrammetry 摄影测量 Ifyouknowfocallengthofcameraandheightofaircraftabovethegroundyoucancalculatethescaleofthephotograph RemoteSensing遥感 PhotogrammetryScale f H h f focallength distancefromcentreoflenstofilmsurface RemoteSensing遥感 PhotogrammetryScale f H h H flyingheightofaircraftabovesealevelh heightofgroundabovesealevel RemoteSensing遥感 PhotogrammetryWhenyouknowthescaleyoucantake2 Dmeasurementsfromaphotograph e g horizontaldistance horizontalarea etc RemoteSensing遥感 PhotogrammetryButtotake true measurementsonanunevensurfaceyouneedtoworkin3 D RemoteSensing遥感 PhotogrammetryButtotake true measurementsonanunevensurfaceyouneedtoworkin3 DYoucandothisthankstoparallax RemoteSensing遥感 StructureDefinitionsofRemoteSensingHistoryofremotesensingTypesofaerialphotographPhotogrammetryParallaxConclusions RemoteSensing遥感 Parallax 视差 PencilisverydisplacedbecauseitisclosetoobserverChurchislessdisplacedbecauseitisfurtheraway RemoteSensing遥感 RemoteSensing遥感 Parallax 视差 Twofundamentalaspectsofs