英语中的主谓一致.doc

主 谓 一 致1 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词必须与作主语的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。2 主谓一致主要分为三个方面：1. 语法一致， 2 概念一致 ， 3 就近一致 。 语 法 一 致英语语法有一条法则：主语如果是第三人称单数，一般现在时的谓语动词要加 s ( be 动词要用 is )She gets up at seven oclock every morning .主语如果是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。My father and mother are both teachers .We all like science . 概 念 一 致1. 两个或两个以上的作主语用的单数名词或代词用 and 连接时，句子谓语动词用复数。 Alice and Rose are cousins . Jack and Mike are both my good friends .注意：（1） 如果 and 连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时或者是表示同一概念的成对的名词时，谓语动词用单数The poet and writer is coming along .Bread and butter is a daily food in the west .The iron and steel works lies in the east of the city . (2) 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有 every , each , no 等修饰时，句子谓语动词用单数。Every girl and every boy is here .In our country every man and every woman has the right to receive education .2 . 如果主语时一个抽象概念（ 如 动词不定式 ， 动名词 ， 主语从句 。等 ）。句子谓语动词都用单数形式。Walking in the woods is a good form of exercise .To learn foreign is very necessary .3. 集体名词 family , class crew , crowd , group , committee , audience 。等作主语时， 若作为一个整体看待时，句子谓语动词用单数；如果就其中一个个成员老考虑时， 句子谓语动词用单数。My family is a big one .My family ae all music lovers .Our group are reading newspapers .This group is having a meeting .注意： 当集体名词 people , police , cattle 。等作主语时，句子谓语动词要用复数。There are many people waiting outside .The police are searching for the murderer The cattle are grazing in the field .4. 不定代词 either , each , one , the other , another 以及所有的复合不定代词 （ something , everything , everyone , anybody.。等 ）作主语时，句子谓语动词都用单数形式。Here are two books , either of them is worth reading .Neither of these two dictionary is very good . Every is here . No one is absent . Somebody is using the phone . I have two sisters . One is a worker , the other is a nurse .5. What , who , which , any , more , most , all 。等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要根据意思来决定。 Which is your room ? Which are your rooms ? Here is some more .( 指不可数的东西 ） Here are some more . （ 指可数的东西 ）注意：（1）由 many a 或 more than one + 名词作主语时， 虽然意义上表示的是复数的内容，但是句子谓语动词仍然用单数。Many a person is for his plan .More than one person is against his plan .（2） 当 none of 或 neither of + 名词或代词在句中作主语时，句子谓语可有单数，也可以用复数。 None of my classmates is are interested in physics .但是，当none 或 neither 代表不可数东西时总是看作单数。 None of these paper is fit for writing .6. 表示时间 ，重量 ， 长度 ， 价值 等名词，尽管是复数形式，但句子谓语常用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time . Eight minutes is enough . Twelve dollars is too dear cheap .7. the + 形容词表示一类人或事物 ，如果指的是人而且做主语时，句子谓语用复数；如：the rich , the blind , the dead , the deaf , the wounded , the disabled 。等；如果指的是事物而且作主语时，句子谓语用单数。如：the unknown , the unexpected , the beautiful 。等。The old are well taken care of in China .The beautiful is loved by all .8. 有些名词以 “ s ”结尾， 表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如：physics , maths , news , the United States 。等。故句子谓语应用单数。 The news is very exciting . Physics is difficult for us to learn . 就 近 一 致1. 当并列连词 either .or , neither .nor , not only . but also 或 or 连接两个主语时 ，这时谓语动词通常和最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or he is to do the work . Not only you but also Tom is often late for school . Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it .注意： 当 both .and .连接两个主语时，句子谓语要用复数。 Both our brothers and I are very interested in swimming .2在 there be 或 here be 句型中有两个或两个以上的并列主语时谓语也和最近的那个主语保持一致。 There is a dictionary and many books on the desk . There are ten chairs and a table in the house . Here is a pen , a few envelopes and some paper for you . 注意：这种就近一致的情况在现代英语中越来越来普遍。 Where is your mother and sisters ? Is your sister and her husband coming to see you ?3. 两个作主语用的名词或代词后跟有：with , together with , along with , as well as 。等时，一般看作是对主语的修饰成分，谓语动词仍然和前面作主语的名词或代词保持一致。 The teacher and four students is playing basketball on the playground . The girl as well as the boys is swimming in the river .注意： what 引起的