Unit6_The_making_of_a_surgeon

surgeon与doctor Surgeon 外科医生 meansadoctorwhoperformsoperations Doctor 医生 meansapersonwhoknowshowtotreatdiseases Therefore physicians 内科医生 dentists 牙医 andsurgeons arealldoctors Thetitleofthetext TheMakingofaSurgeon Thetitlemeans Thecauseofasurgeon ssuccess Translatedas 外科医生的成功之道 making meansofgainingsuccess 成功之道 e g Theperseverancewasthemakingofthewriter 坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素 而inthemaking intheprocessofbeingmade readytobeproduced 在制造中 在酝酿中 e g Ourplansarestillinthemaking 我们的计划还在酝酿之中 另外 makings thequalitiesneeded 具有 成为 所需的素质 e g Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor 他具有成为好医生的素质 residentv s residency Resident 实习结束后进入高级训练阶段的 住院医生 doctorwholivesinthehospitalandcontinuepracticingaftercompletinghisinternship n 美 实习医生或实习教师 实习生的职位或职务 实习生 Residency 高级专科 住院实习期 thelaststageofadoctor strainingatahospital I Warming upexercisesII AbriefIntroductiontothetextIII DetailedexplanationofthetextIV SummaryofthetextV LanguagepointsVI Homework TeachingProcedures Inyouropinion howcanapersonbesuccessful hard working lucky chance opportunity healthy intelligence self confidence Asfarasadoctorisconcerned whatshouldbethemostimportantfactor 因素 forhimtobesuccessful self confidence Self confidenceisthefirstrequisite 必要条件 togreatundertakings 事业 SamuelJohnson surgeon n doctorwhoperformsoperations外科医生 self confidence n 自信心 making n meansofgainingsuccess成功之道 resident n 住院医生 conclude vt arriveatabelieforopinionbyreasoning得出结论 surgical a of by orforsurgery外科的 手术的 competently ad withthenecessaryskill称职地 胜任地 near vt approach comecloserto competenta emergency n suddenanddangeroushappeningneedingimmediateaction紧急情况 急症 encounter vt befacedwith difficulties danger etc meetunexpectedly遭到 意外地遇见 dread vt feargreatly畏惧 critical a importantatatimeofdangeranddifficulty紧要的 关键性的 particular a belongingtosomeoneperson thing oroccasion特定的 case n instanceofdiseaseorinjury病例 infrequently ad seldom notoften relax vi becomelesstense放松 relaxationn residency n thelaststageofadoctor strainingatahospital高级专科住院实习 期 constant a happeningallthetime unchanging不断的 始终如一的 resolve vt solve解决 considered a carefullythoughtout经过深思熟虑的 resolutionn dwell dwelt dwelled vi live inaplace 居住 bound a verylikely certain一定的 必然的 sound a correct basedongoodjudgment正确的 合理的 confident a sureofoneselfandone sabilities自信的 confidencen handle vt manage dealwith处理 butterfly n 蝴蝶 abdomen n belly腹 部 anticipate vt seebeforehand预期 anticipationn sweat n vi 汗 流汗 stab stAb n thrustmadewithapointedweapon刺 戳 belly n 肚 腹部 puncture vt makeasmallholein sth withsth pointed刺穿 compound a havingmorethanonepart复合的 fracture n breakinabone骨折 compoundfracture n 复合性骨折 inevitably ad unavoidably不可避免地 inevitablea err vi makemistakes dowrong operate vi performasurgicaloperation动手术 surgery n 外科 外科手术 sole a unshared oneandonly唯一的 responsibility n 责任 责任心 avoid vt escape keeporgetawayfrom避免 conceited a havetoohighanopinionofoneself自负的 conceit n toohighanopinionofoneself trying a hardtoendureorbear verydifficult难受的 恼人的 bother vt annoy trouble烦扰 麻烦 uncertainty n uncertaincondition doubt conf d nt c ncl de c mp tent cr t cal res l tion c ns dered ant c pate s rg ry c nce t respons b l ty in v tably infr qu ntly e i o u o e i i o u o i i i u e o i i i i e i e e ThisarticleiswrittenbyDr WilliamNolen awell knownAmericansurgeonandauthor Do Nolenrevealstousinhisarticlethathe asadoctor hadgonealongwaybeforehebecameasurgeon Then whatquality accordingtoDr Nolen isessentialinthemakingofasurgeonandatwhatpointoftimedoesadoctorfinallybecomeasurgeon Afamoussurgeontellsabouttheimportanceofself confidencefromhisownexperience THEMAKINGOFASURGEON Dr Nolen Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya surgeon AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion THEMAKINGOFASURGEON Dr Nolen Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya surgeon AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion doctor physician内科医生 surgeon外科医生 specialist专科医生 dentist牙科医生 obstetrician产科医生 pediatrician儿科医生 surgeon外科医生 THEMAKINGOFASURGEON Dr Nolen Howdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya surgeon AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion resident住院医生 intern 实习医生 resident surgeon Internship residency 3 5years Backgroundinformation CareerinmedicineintheU S 行医在美国 在美国作医生得先修完四年本科课程 至少先读四年大学 获得学士学位 然后在医学院再学习四年 毕业后一般先在医院作实习医生 接受训练和指导 要和医生一起巡视病房 帮助处理急诊 之后做 住院医生 住院医生所担负的责任比实习医生要大 除了应继续向同行学习 专研业务外 还要经常在手术台旁作有经验的医生的助手 同时也接替在职医生处理急诊 住院医生在住院期间如表现突出 可提升为住院长 负起更多的责任 当实习医生及住院医生的年限 根据所学的专业的不同 或三年或五年不等 ThreetypesofdoctorsintheU S 美国医生的三种类型 一 全科医生 generalpractitioner 治疗所有常见疾病 在有些需要专门技术的病例中 患者要被介绍去看专家 也即 第二种医生 二 专科医生 specialist 专科医生可分为牙科医生 dentist 儿科医生 pediatrican 外科医生 surgeon 内科医生 physician 产科医生 obstertrician 等 三 医学研究者 他们同样受过医学训练 但不行医 只在医学院或大学的医学中心从事医学研究与教学工作 Theanswer Iconcluded wasself confidence Whenyoucansaytoyourself ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon then andnotuntilthen youareindeedasurgeon Iwasnearingthatpoint 我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗 我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明 甚至比其他医生更高明 Whatisthemostimportantforadoctortobecomeasurgeonfinally AccordingtoDo Nolen self confidenceisessential 重要的 inthemakingofasurgeon andonlywhenadoctorhasbuiltupperfectconfidenceinhimselforherself willheorshereallybeasurgeon Question1 Howcanyouunderstand Iwasnearingthatpoint IwasnearingtimewhenIwasindeedasurgeon Question2 Take forexample theemergencysituationsthatweencounteredalmosteverynight ThefirstfewmonthsoftheyearIhaddreadedtheringingofthetelephone Iknewitmeantanothercriticaldecisiontobemade Often afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation I dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep I dreviewallthefactsofthecaseand notinfrequently wonderifIhadn tmadeapoordecision Morethanonceattwoorthreeinthemorning afterlyingawakeforanhour I dgetoutofbed dressanddrivetothehospitaltoseethepatientmyself ItwastheonlywayIcouldfindthepeaceofmindIneededtorelax emergencysituations紧急情况 criticaldecision关键性的决定 particularsituation特殊情况 我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情 常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定 这是我能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静的唯一方法 Accordingtopara 3 howdidtheauthortrytofindthepeaceofmindheneededtorelax Question3 Togetoutofbed todressandtodrivetothehospitaltoseethepatienthimself Now inthelastmonthofmyresidency sleepingwasnolongeraproblem TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldn tbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightone butIhadlearnedtoacceptthisasaconstantproblemforasurgeon onethatcouldneverbecompletelyresolved andIcouldlivewithit So onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision Inolongerdweltonit Reviewingitwasn tgoingtohelpandIknewthatwithmyknowledgeandexperience anydecisionI dmadewasboundtobeasoundone Itwasanicefeeling Here it referstothepreceding 前面的 sentence TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldn tbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightone aconstantproblem thatcouldneverbecompletelyresolved considereddecision深思熟虑的决定 Whatcanwelearnfrompara 4 Question4 self confidencehelpshimwhenheismakingadecision IntheoperatingroomIwasequallyconfident IknewIhadtheknowledge theskill theexperiencetohandleanysurgicalsituationI deverencounterinpractice TherewerenomorebutterfliesinmystomachwhenIopenedupanabdomenorachest Iknewthatevenifthecasewasoneinwhichitwasimpossibletoanticipatetheprobleminadvance IcouldhandlewhateverIfound I dsweatedthroughmyshareofstabwoundsofthebelly ofpuncturedlungs ofcompoundfractures Ihadsweatedoverthemforfiveyears Ididn tneedtosweatanymore butterfliesinone sstomachafeelingoffearoranxiety紧张不安 忐忑不安 I dbeennervousandfilledwithanxietywhilepainstakinglytreatingtheseriousinjuriesthatcometoeveryyoungdoctor suchseriousinjuriesasstabwoundsintheabdomen puncturedlungsandcompoundfractures 我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手下的腹部刺伤 肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例 Canyoufindthetopicsentenceinpara 5 Question5 Thefirstsentence Intheoperatingroom Iwasequallyconfident NorwasIafraidofmakingmistakes IknewthatwhenIwasoutinpracticeIwouldinevitablyerratonetimeoranotherandoperateonsomeonewhodidn tneedsurgeryorsitonsomeonewhodid Fiveyearsearlier evenoneyearearlier Iwouldn thavebeenabletolivewithmyselfifIhadhadtotakesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment NowIcould Istilldreadederrors woulddomybesttoavoidthem butIknewtheywerepartofasurgeon slife IcouldacceptthisfactwithcalmnessbecauseIknewthatifIwasn tabletoavoidamistake chanceswerethatnoothersurgeoncouldhave either whenIcompletedmyresidencyperiodandbegantoworkonmyownasasurgeon当我出去开业行医时 itwasmostlikelythatnoothersurgeoncouldhaveavoidedthemistake 那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免 Accordingtopara 6 what stheauthor sattitudetowardserrors Question6 Hetriedhisbesttoavoiderrors buthewasnotafraidofthem becauseheknewhewasn tabletoavoidamistake neithercouldothersurgeons Frompara 4 6 wecanconcludethatself confidencehelpstheauthor a whenismakingadecision b whenheisperforminganoperation c whenhehasmademistakes d alloftheabove Question7 ThisallsoundsconceitedandIguessitis butasurgeonneedsconceit Heneedsittoencouragehimintryingmomentswhenhe sbotheredbythedoubtsanduncertaintiesthatarepartofthepracticeofmedicine Hehastofeelthathe sasgoodasandprobablybetterthananyothersurgeonintheworld Callitconceit callitself confidence whateveritwas Ihadit Howdoyouunderstand asurgionneedsconceit Doyouagreewiththeauthor Whyorwhynot Asurgeonneedsself confidence Question8 Whatisthemainideaofthetext a Youngsurgeonslosealotofsleep b Self confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon c Agoodsurgeonisonewhomakesnomistakes d Failureisthemotherofsuccess Question9 PartI para 1 2 Theauthorputsforwardhisidea self confidenceisvitaltothemakingofasurgeon Organizationofthetext PartIII para 7 Theauthorcomestoaconclusionthathehasself confidence PartII para 3 6 Theauthortriestosupporthisidea reasonsandexamples Writingskill Argumentation PartI thesis 论点 PartII supporters 论据 PartIII conclusion 结论 reasons examples topicsentence 主题句 illustrating 举例 reasoning 说理 1 Grammaticalstructures L12 Often afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation I dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep L12 Often afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation I dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep eg Suchapleasantgirlasshehasnotroublemakingfriendswithpeople Theboyhadalotoftroublegettingupearlyinwinter HehasproblemspellingEnglishwords Grammaticalstructures L21 So onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision eg Onceagoodbeginningismade youwillhavenofurtherdifficultyoperatingthemachine OnceshebegantowriteinEnglish shefelthowweakshewasinthelanguage L5 ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently Icantreatanysurgicalpatientcompetently eg Hisdogwilleatalmostanything Hisdogwillnoteatalmostnothing JohniscalledMr Fixitbecausehecanfixalmostanything JohniscalledMr Fixitbecausehecannotfixalmostnothing cometoanend结束 eg Thissemesterisdrawingtoaclose Theyearsoondrewtoitsclose drawtoaclose Wordsandphrases treat 治疗cure 治愈 eg Whichdoctorsare herforherillness Thebonefracture 断裂 inthetruckdriver sleftlegwasbeingcarefully Thismedicineshould youofyourcold treating treated cure encountermeet eg Hepromisedto herattheairport OnthetrainI 偶然遇见 anoldfriendofminewhoIhadnotseenforyears meet encountered Encounterisasynonym 同义词 formeet Itisamoreformalwordandstronglyimpliesanunexpectedmeeting particular special 特别 特殊 particular 指在一定范围某一特定的事物或人 special 泛指特殊的 特别的 particular special 特别 特殊 eg Asfarasfruitsareconcerned Ihaveno taste Asaman hehasnothing particular special Thebusdriverisusuallypolite butinthis casehelosthistemper attentionwasgiventotheorphangirl particular Special livewith accept sth unpleasant 忍受 接受 eg Mostofusdon tlikethenewregulations butwehavetolearntolivewiththem Youmustlivewiththefastthatyouarenolongerashealthyasyouwere 比较 putupwith忍受 cometotermswith接受 妥协 dwellon thinkabout speakorwritealotabout多想 eg Letbygonesbebygones Don tdwellsomuchonthepast Thespeakerdweltonthatpointformorethananhour beboundto becertainto besureto确实能 有把握 eg Youareboundtosucceedifyoukeepontrying It sboundtorain Look Thecloudsaregatheringquickly inpractice 在实际工作中 intheory在理论上inprinciple在原则上inreality在现实中 operateon cutthebodyinordertosetrightorremoveadiseasedpart eg Haveyoueverbeenoperatedon I llhavetohavemystomachoperatedon siton neglect donothingbout忽视 eg Isentinmyapplicationingoodtime butthesecretarysatonitforamonth Weshouldnotsitonthosewhoneedhelp 自信心即将结束不止一次 做决定在某一特定情况下不妥当的决定寻找内心的平静 self confidencedrawtoacloseonmorethanoneoccasionmakeadecisioninaparticularsituationapoordecisionfindthepeaceofmind 深思熟虑的决定手术室经常遇到的问题开业提前容忍说不定何时承担全部责任 aconsidereddecisiontheoperatingroomaconstantproblembeinpracticeinadvancelivewithatonetimeoranothertakesoleresponsibilityfor 判断上的失误考验人的时刻为某人做手术生活中的一部分 amistakeinjudgmenttryingmomentsoperateonsomeonebepartofone slife PlasticsurgeryTheMakingofaHero城镇居民紧急呼叫松懈 努力 念叨过去 整形外科 整形手术钢铁是怎样炼成的CityresidentsEmergencycallRelaxone seffortsDwellonthepast 预支收入简单 不费力背后捅刀Abellylaugh肺穿孔人非圣贤独家代理 Anticipateone sincomeNosweat Stabsb intheback捧腹大笑ApuncturedlungToerrishuman Soleagent KEYFOREXERCISE IIbdcdcaba III 1 livewith2 resolve3 encounter4 sole5 drawingtoaclose6 anticipated7 dwelton8 saton9 hadbutterfliesinhisstomach10 conceited III 1 openup2 relaxed3 emergency4 concluded5 livewith6 atonetimeoranother7 particular8 surgery9 wassweating10 competently11 inadvance12 inpractice III1 IwasconfidentthatIwouldwintherace Iwasconfidentofwinningtherace 2 Withdeterminationandhardwork youareboundtosucceedeventually 3 Theburglarwalkedveryfastinordertoavoidbeingseenbythepolicemanbehind 4 Drivingacarafterdrinkingalcoholwillinevitablyleadtoanaccidentorarrestbythepolice 5 Youmusttake full responsibilityforlosingthemoney 6 Greatsuccessatsuchanearlyagemadetheyoungbusinessmanquiteaconceitedfellow 1 absence2 efficiency3 independence4 silence5 confidence6 patience7 distance8 competence competency 9 Frequence frequency10 presence11 importance12 permanence permanency13 constancy14 emergence emergency15 evidence IV 1 efficiency2 emergency3 absence4 confidence5 frequency6 distance7 presence8 independence 1 haveenriched2 hadenjoyed3 ensured4 endeared5 enabled6 endanger7 enlarge8 havebeenembodied9 empower10 entitle IV 1 I llgetyouone2 I mthinkingofgettinganewone3 mustbuysomebiggerones4 Theoneatthefront5 haveeatenallthesoftones6 decidedtocatchalaterone7 Iwanttoborrowone8 theonesyouhadonyesterday V 1 Onceagoodbeginningismade2 Onceyouunderstandtheserules3 Oncehemakesapromise4 Oncetheyareputdowninblackandwhite Onceputdowninblackandwhite5 onceyougetintothehabitofsmoking6 OnceshebegantowriteinEnglish VI 1 Ihadalotoftroublegettingthecarstartedthismorning 2 Youwon thavemuchdifficultygettingtoknowpeopleinItaly 3 Theconceitedyoungmansaidhehadnodifficultywhatsoeverreadingtechnicaldrawings 4 Totheteacher ssurprise mostofthestudentsinhisclasshadlittledifficultyworkingoutthehardmathsproblems 5 DidyouhaveanytroublefindingthebutterflyspecimenProf Nolenwanted 6 Theshepherdshadagreatdealoftroubledrivingthesheeptoaplaceofsafetyinthesnowstorm VI 1 Einsteinissofamousthatthereisnoonewhodoesn tknowhim 2 Thereisalmostnothingthathisdogwon teat 3 Thereisnoonewhodoesn tmakeanymistakesinhislifetime 4 Thereisnogoalthatyoucannotobtainsolongasyouhaveanhonestattitudeandastrongwill 5 Thereisnobodyherewhowon tlendyouahelpinghandwhenyoufindyourselfindifficulty 6 JohniscalledMr FixItbecausethereisalmostnothingthathecannotfix VI 1 surgical2 confident3 dwellon4 emergency5 sweat6 competent7 atonetimeoranother8 relax VII A1 from2 examined3 nothing4 trouble5 Much6 same7 ago8 advice9 you10 pay11 worry12 followed13 again14 quite15 that16 tailor B1 how2 answer3 c