名词性从句中常见错误例析.doc

名词性从句中常见错误例与析 贵州省纳雍县雍安育才高级中学中学 王旅祥名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。这些从句的句子结构之间既有联系又有区别,部分学生常对此混淆不清。本文拟就这方面常见错误作些分类归纳。旨在强化认识,纠正错误。一、错用关系词。例1：他来不来仍然是个问题。误：If she will come or not is still a question . 正：Whether she will come or not is still a question .简析在名词性从句中，除宾语从句外，不能用if，只能用whether引导主语从句或同位语从句。 例2：无论谁来参观这个展览都会受到欢迎。 误：No matter who comes to visit the exhibitionis welcome. 正：Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome .简析 “No matter + 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，“wh- +ever”既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。例3：他在会上所说的一切使在场的每个人都吃惊。误：That he said at the meeting astonished everybody presnt. 正：What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.简析连词that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，而不充当句子成分。而连接代词what不但能起连接作用，还可以在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。What在这里充当是主语从句中said的宾语。二、漏用关系词。例1：大家都知道地球是围绕着太阳转的。误：The earth moves around the sun is known to us all .正：That the earth moves around the sun is known to us all .简析连词that引导主语从句置于句首时，不作成分，但不能省略。例2: 他说他已经看完了这部小说，并且准备另借一部小说。误: He said (that)he had finished reading this novel and he would borrow another one .正： He said (that)he had finished reading this novel and that he wouldborrow another one .简析带有两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略。例3: 新产品销路是否好取决于它的质量。误： A new product sells well depends on its quality .正：Whether a new product sells well depends on its quality .简析名词性从句在句中作主语时，要由连词引导。否则，从句的主语就成了整个句子的主语，复合句就变成了简单句，句中有两个非并列的谓语动词形式。因此，根据本句意思，必须在句首加上whether。三、多用关系词。例1：我问她是如何学好英语。误：I asked her that how she was studying well .正：I asked her how she was studying well .简析that是连词，how也是连词，因此，这个句子的主句和宾语从句之间只需要一个连接词。根据句子意思，that显然是多余的。例2：我不知道他们怎么能在如此短的时间内做完这件事。误：I have no idea that how they were able to get it done in so short a time .正：I have no idea how they were able to get it done in so short a time .简析通常地说，同位语从句可以由that引导。也可以由what,how,when,which,why,who,where等引导。根据本句意思，同位语从句旨在表述方式（方法）或程度，所以此句中that是多余的。例3：这个实验是否值得做还不确定。误：It is uncertain that wheher the experiment is worth doindg .正：It is uncertain wheher the experiment is worth doindg .简析从句子意思不难看出，这个采用“it is +名词、形容词、分词+主语从句”的变形中，that很显然是多余的。四、主谓不一致。例1：我想知道的是谁在办公室呆了一夜。误：What I want to know are who stayed in the office all night long .正：What I want to know is who stayed in the office all night long .简析以一个句子作主语，即以主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例2：早睡早起，使人健康、富有而聪明。 误：Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy，wealthy and wise.正：Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy ,wealthy and wise.简析以表示同一件事的并列词、词组或短语作主语时，谓语用单数。例3：这个结论正确与否还没有确定。误：Whether the conclusion is right have been decided yet .正：Whether the conclusion is right has been decided yet .简析同样，以一个句子作主语，即以主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。五、错用语气。例1：老师建议班会推迟到下星期三。误：The teacher suggested that the classmeeting is put off till next Wednesday .正：The teacher suggested that the classmeeting (should) be put off till next Wednesday .简析当表示“建议”（suggest,propose）、“命令”(order) “要求”(demand,require)等动词后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即“should +原形动词”或“省略should直接用原形动词。”例2：我的看法是我们应该更加注意我们的发音。误：My idea is that we shall pay more attention to our pronunciation .正：My idea is that we should pay more attention to our pronunciation .简析在suggestion,proposal（建议），idea,order,requirement(要求)等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，通常要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的形式为“should +原形动词”或“省略should直接用原形动词。”六、语序错位。例1：他们现在在哪里还不清楚。误：Where are they now isnt quite clear .正：Where they are now isnt quite clear .简析在主语从句中应该用陈述语序。例2：你能告诉我到火车站该怎么走吗？误：Can you tell me how can I get to the railway station ?正：Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station ?简析在宾语从句中应该用陈述语序。另外，表语从句、同位语从句等所有的名词性从句都应该用陈述语序。现在，我们来做下面的题，以示巩固。金题精练单句改错：1. When and where we shall have the lecture are not decided. 2. They want to make it clear to the public which they do an importantjob. 3. He ordered that the injured had been taken good care of.4. Where will they go is to be discussed at tomorrows meeting. 5. This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language. 6. What the earth moves around the sun is known to all.7. The news they had won the game surprised us.8. It depends on if its going to rain.9. At the meeting he raised a question if the project would be cancelled.10. That you need is more practice.单项选择题：1. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam he would buy me a bike. A.that B.if C.whetherD. that if2. He often writes to us expressing his hope _ hell come to see us. A.that B.whichC.what D.whether 3. They asked her _ with her.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what waswrongD. both A and C4. I dont doubt _ she can do it well, but I doubt _ she is willing todo it. A.that；that B.that；if C.if；if D.if that5. The reason _ he was absent was _ he was ill. A.why；becauseB. that；that C.why；thatD. because；that6. _wont admire _ makes great contributions to our society? A.Who；who B. Whoever；who C.Who；whoeverD. Whoever；whoever7. Her paleface suggested that she _seriously ill. To our surprise, she still suggested that she _ to Beijing on business. A.be；wentB. was；would go C. was；could goD. was；go8._worries me most is _ I can find the owner of