城市报警与监控系统建议方案.doc

prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.At what time did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 Whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reason that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazif in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.Lesson91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! Lesson92 Asking for trouble 自找麻烦It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night.So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? Well, Id prefer to stay here, I said. You see, Ive forgotten my key.Your what ? he called.My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Lesson93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.Lesson94 Future champions 未来的冠军Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to目 录1 概述31.1 建设背景31.1.1 必要性与迫切性31.1.2 建设依据41.1.3 建设意义61.2 现状与需求分析61.2.1 报警与监控系统现状61.2.2 网络与通信设施现状71.2.3 需要解决的问题81.2.4 需求分析82 系统建设目标、原则、内容92.1 建设目标92.2 建设原则92.3 建设步骤102.4 建设内容103 系统总体架构设计113.1 系统结构113.1.1 组织结构113.1.2 系统职能结构113.1.3 系统组网结构123.1.4 公安专网与公共网络的连接133.2 系统平台构建133.2.1 系统平台规划133.2.2 系统接入层143.2.3 系统核心层164 系统设计174.1 系统设计原则174.2 系统组成结构184.2.1 系统组成184.2.2 市级监控中心204.2.3 分（县）局级监控中心214.2.4 派出所监控分中心（新建）224.2.5 已建监控系统的派出所监控分中心234.2.6 专业服务公司监控中心234.2.7 重点防范单位和小区监控室244.3 系统软件设计254.3.1 系统视频流分析254.3.2 视频的分布式共享策略254.3.3 系统软件组成285 系统性能特点及主要技术指标345.1 系统性能特点345.2 系统主要技术指标365.3 系统主要设备技术指标361 概述1.1 建设背景1.1.1 必要性与迫切性改革开放以来，我国社会发生了翻天覆地的变化，在经济得到了迅速发展、人民生活水平得到了迅速提高的同时，社会治安形势也发生了深刻的变化，对社会治安综合治理工作提出了更高的要求。警方需要走科技强警之路，向科技要警力；安全防范工作也开始充分运用现代科技手段，向科技要平安。科技创安的目的就是要增强人民群众的安全感，提高老百姓的生活质量，构建安宁、和谐的社会环境。要想有效的遏止住刑事犯罪案件上升趋势，维护社会治安、保障社会安定，就需要大力投入科技力量。城市报警与监控技术系统是社会治安防控体系建设的重要组成部分，也是贯彻打防结合、预防为主方针的技术手段。城市报警与监控系统的建设已经开展多年，为了更进一步地增强和提高这些技术手段的有效性，公安部科技局于2005年8月下发了关于开展城市报警与监控技术系统建设工作的意见。文件中对系统建设的指导思想、基本原则、主要内容、工作要求以及构成措施等都提出了明确的要求，加强要以规范技术应用为重点，以增强技术设施的实际应用效能为核心，通过系统集成，机制创新。在建设过程中坚持以人为本，探索创新、大胆实践，统筹规划、分步设施等原则，促进安防技术与公安业务工作的紧密结合，为保障人民安居乐业，创建和谐社会做贡献。从2005年10月开始到2008年，公安部将在全国开展城市报警与监控系统建设“3111”试点工程（即在省、市、县三级开展报警与监控系统建设试点工程，每个省确定一个市，有条件的地方确定一个县，有条件的县确定一个社区或街区为报警与监控体统建设的试点市、县、社区或街区），提出了全面加快推进城市报警与监控系统建设试点工作的要求，并且进行了全面细致的工作布置。会上还强调了“三到要求”：要把报警与监控系统建设工作提升到当地经济社会发展的大局上认识；要把报警与监控系统建设工作纳入到当地党委政府的议事日程上研究；要把报警与监控系统建设工作延伸到科技创安的层面上布署。公安部于2005年9月在北京、苏州、杭州、济南4个城市公安机关先期试点的基础上，决定在全国范围内确定22个城市公安局作为试点单位，这些城市将针对平安城市建设的需要，全面开展报警与监控的网络化建设，并建立系统运行保障机制和警务处置流程。目前全国已有近100个城市公安机关开展了以报警与监控资源整合为内容的系统建设工作，初步形成了面向经济社会发展、服务公安工作、符合地方实际的试点工作格局。近年来，在各级政府和公安机关的努力下，城市报警与监控系统建设在技术水平和实际应用等方面都取得了长足进步。但是，由于缺乏统一组织和协调，各个技术系统建设自成体系，系统缺乏互连互通能力，不利于实现各种信息资源的共享，制约了技术防范在城市社会治安管理中作用的充分发挥，也与报警服务社会化、专业化的要求不相适应。为适应公安部城市报警与监控系统建设技术指南要求，迫切需要在全省范围内，综合应用各种报警和监控资源，构建城市报警与监控系统的整体平台，制定统一的接口和规范，逐步实现各级报警监控系统的互联，构筑一个指挥高效、反应灵敏、处置快捷、防范有效、控制有力、保障可靠的治安防控体系。1.1.2 建设依据本系统的建设主要依据公安部城市报警与监控系统建设技术指南。同时参照以下国家和有关行业标准：安全防范工程程序与要求GB/50348-2002计算机软件需求说明编制指南GB/T93855-1988计算机软件质量保证计划规范GB/T12504-1990公安计算机信息系统“九五”规划中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准GA/T75-94质量计划的编写与管理程序工业电视系统工程设计规范GBJ115-87公安指挥大厅技术系统总体技术条件ZS-725 9003电气设备安装工程施工及验收规范计算机信息系统 安全保密等级划分准则GB17859-1999信息技术设备的安全GB4943-2001公安交通指挥中心建设与发展若干意见公安部公交管【1997】231号文公安指挥中心报警台GA089-1996城市公安指挥中心技术系统设备配置建议GA099-1996公安移动通信网警用自动级规范GA176-1998公安移动通信网警用自动级通信工程验收技术规范GA267-2000公安移动通信网警用自动级通信工程设计技术规范GA331-2001端设备隔离部件安全技术要求GA370-2001防火墙产品的安全功能检测GA372-2001计算机信息系统实体安全技术要求 第1部分 局域计算环境GA371-2001计算机信息系统安全等级保护网络技术要求GA387-2002计算机信息系统安全等级保护操作系统技术要求GA388-2002计算机信息系统安全等级保护数据库管理系统技术要求GA389-2002计算机信息系统安全等级保护通用技术要求GA390-2002计算机信息系统安全等级保护管理要求GA391-2002计算机信息系统防雷保安器GA173-2002计算机病毒防治产品评级准则GA248.1-2000公安会议电视系统技术规范GA265-2000公安部金盾工程总体方案设计公安部公安信息化标准汇编公安计算机网络IP地址编码规范公安计算机网络TCP/IP主机域名编码规范1.1.3 建设意义建设城市综合报警监控网络是当前犯罪发展规律和城市治安状况的客观需要；也是解决警力不足、提升治安防范水平的需要。城市报警与监控系统的建设不仅能够提高打击、防范各种违法犯罪活动的效能，而且会使百姓真正安居乐业、高枕无忧。城市报警与监控系统建设工作是继“金盾工程”、“科技强警”示范城市建设以来，以科技建设为核心引领公安工作发展的又一重大举措，涉及到公安系统由内到外、由上到下的多部门、多层次、多警种的一项系统性、关联性、整体性很强的工作。 构建社会主义和谐社会，就必须努力实现人民群众企盼社会稳定、和谐的愿望，这也是公安工作的出发点与核心所在。开展城市报警与监控系统建设，能够通过技术集成，机制创新，促进安全防范技术与公安业务工作的紧密融合，提高“打、防、控、管”的效能，改变以往处警模式中普遍存在的警力资源配置不合理问题，提高公安工作的质量和效率，加大科技强警建设步伐，服务社会主义经济建设，全面提升公安机关控制和驾驭社会治安、准确有效地预防打击犯罪的能力。 1.2 现状与需求分析1.2.1 报警与监控系统现状“城市报警与监控系统”，是一项涉及技术和警务工作多个方面、辐射社会不同领域的系统工程，它包括社会治安动态监控系统、紧急专用报警监控网络、城市社区安全防范报警系统、机动车防盗防抢报警系统和城市综合报警服务体系、移动状态下的监控技术等。目前，已建的报警与监控系统的情况大致如下：l 大部分地市、县已经建立了自动联网报警系统；l 部分地市以住宅小区、居民社区、内部单位为防区的区域联网报警系统；l 大部分市、县公安局建成了治安监控中心，实现了对重点路口、重点场所、治安卡口等的监控；l 一些重点单位、要害部位和治安复杂区域安装了视频监控、入侵报警、出入口控制等技防设施；l 一些城市在案件多发的商业街区建成以治安监控、区域报警系统为主的技防一条街；l 部分城市建设了机动车防盗防抢系统等。从运营和管理体系上，这些系统有由公安部门负责运行和管理的，也有由保安公司和专业公司负责运营和管理的；还有部分是由使用单位负责运行和管理的。1.2.2 网络与通信设施现状长期以来，公安行业非常重视信息化系统的建设，特别是在“金盾工程”、“科技强警”等一系列促进公安业务信息化、现代化建设的工作的逐步落实，使得公安机关信息网络系统的建设走在了国内其它行业的前面。目前，公安部门已基本完成了省市区县派出所的三级公安信息专网建设；并且各级公安机关已建成100M到桌面的局域网络，正在逐步实现公安业务的网络化。自动报警联网系统，则依托于有线或无线公网，实现了各类报警点的联网。部分城市，在市局指挥中心通过专用光纤或专用数字信道实现了对重点路口、重点场所的实时视频监控。同时，在大部分地市，已有多套警用无线专网投入使用。初步形成了以有线无线通信技术、计算机网络技术和多媒体技术为核心基础网络通信平台。同时，近几年随着国内基础通信设施建设的飞速发展，以中国电信、广电、移动、联通为首的行业巨头，在大部分城市已建成城域宽带网络平台，提供了丰富的网络资源，覆盖了大部分城市社区和乡镇。从公安信息专网建设来看，从省公安厅到各地市、地市公安局到公安分局（县局）、公安分局（县局）到派出所，绝大部分都采用2M数字专线连接。目前，主要的信息传输业务有数据、语音（IP电话）和会议电视等，基本达到了“三网合一”的技术要求。然而，对于监控业务来说，由于实时视频流，需要占用大量的网络带宽资源（以目前流行的MPEG4/H.264编码方式为例，每路视频占用带宽大约在380K800K）。如果依托于现有公安信息专网，难以实现各级公安机关之间的多路视频传输；同时，也会造成网络的堵塞，对其它业务造成影响。1.2.3 需要解决的问题通过上面的分析，目前报警和监控系统各个系统自成体系，难以实现互联互通和资源共享。主要表现在以下几个方面：l 视频传输方式多样。有专用信道的光纤传输、2M数字专线传输、基于TCP/IP协议的网络传输等。同一种方式，各个厂家产品视频编码方式不同；同一种编码方式，不同产品所采用的协议不同。l 自动报警系统由于其自身的技术缺陷，其误报率比较高，缺乏有效的甄别手段。要建设城市报警与监控系统需要解决以下问题：l 大规模监控系统联网，如何实现监控视频的实时传输；l 各级公安机关和其它行业管理部门如何实现系统资源共享；l 如何实现现有报警和监控系统资源的整合，避免先期系统投资的浪费；l 系统怎样构建，才能便于系统的扩充和升级。1.2.4 需求分析城市报警与监控系统必须整合目前各类报警与监控系统资源，建立统一的报警与监控系统应用平台，实现各种系统资源的融合。形成全方位、全时空、立体型的防范监控网络，构筑全社会统一的安防体系，提高发现、预防、控制、打击违法犯罪的能力。从目前及未来发展来看，其系统主要需求如下：l 对现有可以利用的传输网络资源进行改造或构建新的网络平台，以适应多级、大型、大范围报警监控联网的需要；l 对现有报警和监控系统进行升级改造，以适应联网的需要；l 整合社会各种报警和监控系统资源；l 建立统一的系统平台和统一的接口规范，便于新建系统的互联；l 实现报警联动，提供快速和直观的报警甄别手段；l 规范现有管理体制和运营模式，避免条块