物流管理英文文献以及翻译.doc

An internet-based logistics management system for enterprise chainsN. Prindezis, C.T. KiranoudisSchool of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University, 15780 Athens, GreeceReceived 13 September 2003; received in revised form 20 December 2003; accepted 27 January 2004Available online 10 December 2004 .Developing the internet-based application toolWeb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Application development is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologieshave their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JAVASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the JAVASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on thetransmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications allcalculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JAVA applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known JAVA mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction.In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the users point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:l the locations of the depot and the customers within the road network of the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),l the demand of the customers serviced,l the capacity of the vehicles used,l the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined,l the topography of the road network,l the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of the road and the area within of which is moved,l the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.Consequently, the system combines, in real time, the available spatial characteristics with all other information mentioned above, and tools for modelling, spatial, non-spatial, and statistical analysis, image processing forming a scalable, extensible and interoperable application environment.The validation and verification of addresses of customers ensure the accurate estimation of travel times and distances travelled. In the case of boundary in the total route duration, underestimates of travel time may lead to failure of the programmed routing plan whereas overestimates can lower the utilization of drivers andvehicles, and create unproductive wait times as well (Assad, 1991). The data corresponding to the area of interest involved two different details. A more detailed network, appropriately for geocoding (approximately 250,000 links) and a less detailed for routing (about 10,000 links). The two networks overlapped exactly. The tool that provides solutions to problems of effectively determining the shortest path, expressed in terms of travel time or distance travelled, within a specific road network, using the Dijkstras algorithm(Winston,1993). In particular, the Dijkstras algorithm is used in two cases during the process of developing the routing plan. In the first case, it calculates the travel times between all possible pairs of depot and customers so that the optimizer would generate the vehicle routes connecting them and in the second case it determines the shortest path between two involved nodes (depot or customer) in the routing plan, as this was determined by the algorithm previously. Due to the fact, that U-turn and left-,right-turn restrictions were taken into consideration for network junctions, an arc-based variant of the algorithm was taken into consideration (Jiang, Han, & Chen, 2002).The system uses the optimization algorithms mentioned in the following part in order to automatically generate the set of vehicle routes (which vehicles should deliver to which customers and in which order) minimizing simultaneously the vehicle costs and the total distance travelled by the vehicles This process involves activities that tend to be more strategic and less structured than operational procedures. The system helpsplanners and managers to view information in new way and examine issues such as:l the average cost per vehicle, and route,l the vehicle and capacity utilization,l the service level and cost,l the modification of the existing routing scenario by adding or subtracting customers.In order to support the above activities, the interface of the proposed system provides a variety of analyzed geographic and tabulated data capabilities. Moreover, the system can graphically represent each vehicle route separately, cutting it o? from the final routing plan and offering the user the capability for perceiving the road network and the locations of depot and customers with all details.基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统N. Prindezis，C.T. Kiranoudis化工学院，国立技术大学，15780雅典，希腊收到2003年9月13日，在经修订的形式收到的2003年12月20号，接受2004年1月27日可在线 二四年十二月十日翻译 曹蓝发展基于互联网的应用工具Web服务提供的商业景观的新机会，促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品和客户提供更好的服务。无论是企业需要的是，Web服务可以灵活地满足需求，并允许加速外包。反过来，开发人员可以专注于构建核心竞争力，创造客户和股东价值。应用程序开发，也更有效，因为现有的Web服务，无论他们在那里开发的，可以很容易地重用。 对网络服务的技术要求，很多今天存在的，如营业标准，业务应用，关键任务交易平台和安全的一体化和信息产品。不过，为使强大和动态系统的综合应用，行业标准和工具，扩大天的业务能力，对企业的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用网络服务的关键是要了解什么是Web服务，以及如何在市场可能发生变化。人们需要能够在今天的平台和应用的投资，使开发人员快速而有效地实现这些好处，也能够满足特定需求，提高企业的生产力。 通常，有两种实施处理时，互联网的应用程序，即基于服务器和基本技术，基于客户的。这两种技术 有自己的长处对代码的发展和它们所提供的设施。服务器的应用程序涉及的动态创建的网页的发展。这些网页传送给客户端的网络浏览器和包含在HTML和JavaScript语言形式的代码。部分的HTML的网页，其中包含形式和用户需求和JavaScript的部分控制部分是静态页面的动态部分。通常情况下，代码的结构完全可以通过干预机制的Web服务器上的改变增加 传动部分和服务器实现基于如ASP，JSP，PHP和语言等，这涉及到一个综合的动态网页应用程序开发的用户希望有关问题的特殊性（计算最短路径，执行路由算法，处理与数据库，等）是通过适当援引这些网页的动态内容的不同部分。在基于服务器的所有应用 计算在服务器上执行。在客户端的应用程序，Java小程序为准。用户的通信保障由著名的JAVA的机制，充当用户的代码。一切都执行在客户端。在这种情况下的数据必须被检索，一次，这可能是费时的交易的一部分。在服务器的应用程序，服务器资源是所有计算中，这就要求有关的硬件和软件功能强大的服务器设施。基于客户端的应用程序与数据传输负担（主要是与道路网络数据）。有一个该补救方法，即缓存。一旦加载，他们留在Web浏览器的快取档案将在需要时立即召回。就我们而言，客户端的应用程序的开发。主要的原因是从有关个人资料的客户自行查看用户的用电量。事实上，这些信息是保密的，甚至在我们的系统从服务器涉及的方面。数据管理在我们的制度好职能的主要作用。这种作用变得更为实质