从欣赏的角度看待完型填空.doc

2007河南省中小学现代教育技术应用参评论文题目: 从欣赏的角度理解完型填空 单位: 驻马店市泌阳县第一高级中学作者: 吴 俊 旗 作者简介: 吴俊旗, 男、生于1974年10月, 1995年6月毕业于河南师范大学外语系, 英语教育专业, 中学一级教师, 从事高中英语教学十一年, 现任泌阳一高高三英语备课组长。个人编有高中基础语法知识讲练、高中教材重、难点讲练。邮 编: 463700联系电话:13783390067E-mail: 内容提要: 本文从文学欣赏的角度来探讨阅读的内涵, 促进对高考完型填空这一题型的总体理解。 联系生活实际，从思想性、语言风格、人文特点、及教育意义等方面提升对试题型文章的认识。 提倡创造性思维和理性思维；积淀文学素养；倡导主流社会价值观念。 从欣赏的角度理解完型填空吴俊旗（河南省泌阳县第一高中 463700）前言：“Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.” 阅读使人明智、充实；思索使人深刻、精邃；演讲使人善辨。英语作为语言学科，不仅仅是会说、会听、读熟、会背诵的问题； 一篇好的文章必然蕴涵着一定的“潜意义”，它体现了作者思想中的“潜质”，是作者向宇宙释放的“能量”； 那么，理性思维能够帮助我们促进对文章信息的分类整理，欣赏性阅读能够使我们超然常规、吸纳信息、洞察潜在的深邃；同时，也使阅读者充实思想、认识自我、丰富文学思维。摘要：欣赏性思维就是以理性思考去挖掘文章中的文学内涵，探究作者内心世界，就像跨越一扇知识和思想的窗口，去完成一次心灵的碰撞，通过交流、感悟来把握文章有积极意义的一面，并使自我认识得以升华；欣赏性阅读要求联系社会生活实践，宣传美德、时尚，鼓励创新理念，追求世界和谐发展。本文就个人教育实践中对英语阅读的认识，结合高中英语完型填空题型的应对措施，谈一些粗浅的体会。关键词： 欣赏性 美文欣赏 理性思维 人文特质 和谐社会 正 文：高考完型填空亦是一篇创意精美的文章。篇幅短小、精辟; 体裁大多是记叙文或夹叙夹议、逻辑性强、富有教育意义的论说文; 内容贴近中学生的实际生活，往往通过一个故事、 一次经历、一则新闻、一篇寓言、 一件生活琐事、 一次举措等, 说明一个哲理, 得出一种认识或结论, 从而使文章的灵魂以升华、使读者心灵受震撼, 使人的思想有感悟。在阅读完型填空时, 应把阅读过程视作一次美文欣赏。首先要欣赏文章的思想性。 每篇文章都有自己的思想和灵魂; 在阅读中, 不断思考一个问题： “作者表述这篇文章究竟要给读者传递一个什么信息?” 这样有助于我们认识文章的主题或中心, 从而有利于解题, 逐个击破难题, 达到较完美的效果。 其次欣赏文章的文体风格、篇章结构。 通过理解文章中的关键语句，前后照应，以及语言的朴实或优美，来认识这篇文章是故事叙述，游记散文，还是说明文。最后欣赏文章的人文特质和教育内涵。 很多英语文章语言地道优美，充分体现了语言的人文特质；阅读时如果联系人们的实际生活，那么我们往往会发现，这些文章与我们的思想发展、工作、学习、生活、社会交往等是多么的贴近，阅读这类文章就像与一位思想家对话一样，能够陶冶我们的性情，提升个人的人文素养；这对我们的生活实践具有教育指导作用。如果我们在高考应试中只是一味地以做题为目标, 脱离了文学鉴赏这个基础, 那么我们对文章的理解很可能是支离破碎的, 不完善的; 是没有深度的理解, 严重的还会出现理解偏差, 导致选择时失误增多。 英语学习除了重视听、说能力之外,其次就是读的能力了, 而读离不开理解, 是大脑思维的过程, 是需要深度的; 如果我们能从文章的中心思想为出发点, 从欣赏的角度来评价完型填空文章, 也许我们在做出选择的时候就能达到事半功倍的效果。请看以下文章赏析：如果你想“换个思维去生活”的话，不妨读读：2006年全国高考I卷 完型填空On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront cafe on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in still air. Crowded. Tempers(脾气) of both the tourists and waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment(环境). At the table next to mine sat an attractive, well-dressed couple, waiting for service. They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed. Suddenly they stood, picked up their metal table and stepped together off the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water. The man stepped back for the two chairs. He politely seated his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. All people around laughed and cheered.A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to set the table and take their order, and then walked back to the loud cheers of the rest of his customers. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went once more into the water to serve the wine. The couple toasted(祝酒) each other, the waiter and the crowd. And the crowd replied by cheering and throwing flowers to them. Three other tables joined in to have lunch in the water. The place was now filled with laughter. One doesnt step into water in ones best summer clothes. Why not? Customers are not served in the sea. Why not? Sometimes one should consider crossing the line of convention(常规) and enjoy life to the fullest.文章向读者描述了 “一个炎热的夏日, 作者在希腊某岛上的一家咖啡馆乘凉, 发现邻桌一对亲密无间的夫妇把餐桌放到了海水中. 这种既浪漫又实用的行为赢得了所有人的喝彩。”首先描述了环境: on a hot summer day in late August 炎热夏季 over a hundred degrees in still air 空气凝滞不动人物描述: crowded; tempers of both the tourists and waiters had risen 拥挤;烦躁情绪上升 接着描述人物动作: They held hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed.他们手拉手, 低声交谈, 相拥相吻, 欢快笑声; 超然于周围环境, 这种轻松洒脱感染了周围人。 Suddenly they stood, picked up their metal table and stepped together off the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water.自己动手, 到海水中乘凉、喝酒; He politely seated his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. 在齐膝的水中, 仍彬彬有礼, 不失绅士风度。 All people around laughed and cheered.人们为之欢呼、喝彩; 与前文形成鲜明对比。 A waiter appeared. He paused for a just a second, walked into the water to set the table and take their orderThree other tables joined in the to have lunch in the water. 侍者开始了水中的独特服务; 其他人也加入到了 “水中就餐”的行列。通过这一次目睹的经历, 作者悟出人生一个哲理: Sometimes one should consider crossing the line of convention and enjoy life to the fullest. 生活中有时候我们需要打破常规, 尽情享受生活。的确, 文章描述了西方人这种 “想到就做”的爽朗个性, 敢于改变生活规律, 超脱环境影响, 从而真正享受生活。 文中对那对夫妇(couple)、侍者(waiter)、他人(others)的生动刻画体现出一种人文思想理念,值得读者去欣赏和思考：如今社会飞速发展，生活节奏快，人们总是忙于工作、学习、创业；那么我们不妨也可以改变一律的生活习惯，使生活有所创意、突破，充满阳光和色彩。 全世界都在构建和谐社会，下面文章告诉你人与人之间如何和谐相处：06年全国高考山东卷 完型填空One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm. At 16, I liked nothing better than driving our truck, but this time I was not happy. My father had told me Id have to ask for credit (赊账) at the store. Sixteen is a prideful age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racial discrimination was still a fact of life. Id seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while the store owner questioned whether they were “good for it.” I knew black youths just like me who were watched like thieves by the store clerk each time they went into a grocery. My family was honest. We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner trust us ? At Daviss store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves(五金制品货架). When I brought my purchases to the cash desk, I said carefully, “I need to put this on credit.” The farmer gave me an amused, distrustful look. But Bucks face didnt change. “Sure,” he said easily. “Your daddy is always good for it.” Heturned to the other man. “This here is one of James Williamss sons.” The farmer nodded in a neighborly way. I was filled with pride. James Williams son. Those three words had opened a door to an adults respect and trust.That day I discovered that the good name my parents hadearned brought our whole family the respect of our neighbors. Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent (正直的) person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.本文记叙了16岁的黑人作者按父亲的吩咐去杂货店赊欠电线的一次生活经历； 通过对作者的心理描述以及店老板的话语，作者从中感受到：诚实（honest）、守信（keep ones words）和自尊（prideful）是人生最宝贵的财富；因为，人，不分种族，只要诚实、守信就能够赢得所有人的尊重。在政治、经济、文化多元化发展的现代社会里，这篇文章强调了要抛却种族歧视（the ugly shadow of racial discrimination）, 鼓励和提倡真善美，突出了人与人之间的和谐相处；这是一篇不可多得的美文，具有较高的文学欣赏价值。“人缘好、朋友多”是无形中的财富，下文从另类角度阐释了这一生活常理05年全国高考I卷 完型填空OneafternoonIwassittingatmyfavoritetableinarestaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. SuddenlyInoticedthatamansittingatatablenear the window keptglancinginmydirection,as ifheknewme.Themanhada newspaper open in front of him, whichhewaspretendingtoread,butIcouldseethathe was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought my food the man was clearly puzzled by the familiar way in which the waiter and I chatted with each other. He seemed even more puzzled as time went on and it became clear that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the kitchen. When he came out, he paid his bill and left without another glance in my direction. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had wanted. “Well,” he said. “that man was a detective. He followed you here because he thought you were the man he was looking for.” “What?” I said, showing my surprise. The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I must say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a mistake.” “Well, its really lucky came to a restaurant where Im known,” I said. “Otherwise, I might have been in trouble.”这篇文章叙述了作者的一次意想不到的经历：作者在饭店里被一名侦探误认为是嫌犯，被跟踪、盯梢的滋味肯定不好受。事后想来不禁好笑，但也不免让人冒冷汗；还好，“I came to a restaurant where Im known.”我是饭店常客，大家都认识我，帮我解除了“嫌疑”。看来，经常到饭店消费带来的“熟人多、人缘好”能够助人化险为夷。 由此联想到我们中国人在日常生活中不也有“朋友多了好办事”的说法吗？两者简直有“异曲同工” 之妙。的确，“A good social relationship is an everlasting wealth.”良好的社会关系也是我们永远的财富。细细阅读这篇文章，不难看出：东西方文化尽管有差异，却也有互通之处。社会飞速发展的过程中，谁的推动力最大？再来欣赏2007年河南省五市第一次联考 完型填空100080Thanksgiving Day was near. The first grade teacher gave her class a fun assignment to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful.Most of the class might be considered economically disadvantaged, but still many would celebrate the holidays with turkeys and other traditional goodies of the season. These, the teacher thought, would be the subjects of most of her students art. And they were.But Douglas made a different kind of picture. Douglas was a different kind of boy. He was the teachers true child of misery, weak and unhappy. As other children played at recess, Douglas was likely to stand close by her side. One could only guess the pain Douglas felt behind those sad eyes.Yes, his picture was different. When asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand nothing else. Just a empty hand.His abstract image captured the imagination of his classmates, Whose hand could it be? One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer, because farmers raise turkeys. Another suggested a police officer, because the police protect and care for people. And so the discussion went - until the teacher almost forgot the young artist himself. When the children had gone on to other assignments, she paused at Douglas desk, bent down, and asked him whose hand it was. The little boy looked away and murmured, “Its yours, teacher.”She recalled the times she had taken his hand and walked with him here and there, as she had other student. How often had she said, “Take your hand, Douglas, well go outside.” Or, “Let me show you how to hold your pencil.” Or, “Lets do this together.” Douglas was most thankful f