大学英语精读第三版第二册教案_Unit4.ppt

1 Warm upQuestions 2 AlbertEinstein 3 TheYo Yo BeforeReading Main BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 4 TheNobelPrize 5 Woolworth s BeforeReading 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Warm upQuestions 1 WasEinsteinbrightinhisearlychildhood Giveexamples 2 Whatishisgreatestcontributiontothemankind 3 WhatdoyouknowaboutthelifeofEinstein 4 DoyouthinkEinsteinwasresponsibleforthesearchworkontheatomicbomb Why 5 DescribetheappearanceofEinstein ABriefIntroductiontoAlbertEinsteinEinstein sChronologyTheoryofRelativityAtomicBombFameandSocialActivities BeforeReading 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading AlbertEinsteinGerman bornAmericanPhysicistandNobelLaureate1879 1955 Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge AlbertEinstein BeforeReading 2 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading AlbertEinstein whoseSpecialTheoryofRelativityandGeneralTheoryofRelativityrevolutionizedscientificperceptionsoftheuniverse isacknowledged alongwithNewton asoneofhistory sgreatestphysicists Sonoffree thinking culturedJews Einsteinwasunabletospeakuntilhewasthreeanddisplayednospecialpromise Anti Semitismalsohamperedhistalentwhenitbegantoemerge HebecameaSwisscitizenin1901 obtainingadoctoratefromtheUniversityofBernin1905 Hisresearch whichendedinthefamousequationE mc2 waspublishedinthesameyear AfterWorldWarI Einstein sfameextendedbeyondthescientificcommunityandin1921hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics Duringthe1920sheregardedtheriseoftheNazisinGermanywithhorror eventuallyemigratingtotheU S where in1933 hetookupapostatPrincetonUniversity In1939hisearlywarningsofGermanscientificattemptstomakeanatomicbombpromptedthestartoftheManhattanProject BeforeReading 2 2 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading BorninUlm Germany theelderchildofabusinessmanandamusicalmother MarriedMilevaMaric hisclassmateatthepolytechnic Theyhadtwosonsbuteventuallydivorced Publishedthreeground breakingpapersonthemotionofparticles thenatureoflight andtherelationshipbetweenenergyandinertia BeforeReading 2 2 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Publishedhis AutobiographicalNotes PublishedhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity DirectorofKaiserWilhelmPhysicalInstituteinBerlin AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics BeforeReading 2 2 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading DeclinedanoffertobecomeheadofstateofIsrael DiedinhospitalinPrinceton WrotetoFranklinRoosevelt PresidentoftheUnitedStates onthepossibilityofmanufacturinganuclearbombandtheneedtopreempttheNazis BeforeReading 2 3 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 1 Abriefintroduction In1905EinsteinreceivedhisdoctoratefromtheUniversityofZurichforatheoreticaldissertationonthedimensionsofmolecules andhealsopublishedthreetheoreticalpapersofcentralimportancetothedevelopmentof20th centuryphysics OnthebasisoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity Einsteinaccountedforthepreviouslyunexplainedvariationsintheorbitalmotionoftheplanetsandpredictedthebendingofstarlightinthevicinityofamassivebodysuchasthesun Theconfirmationofthislatterphenomenonduringaneclipseofthesunin1919becameamediaevent andEinstein sfamespreadworldwide BeforeReading 2 3 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 2 Einsteinexplainstheequivalenceofenergyandmatter ItfollowedfromtheSpecialTheoryofRelativitythatmassandenergyarebothbutdifferentmanifestationsofthesamething asomewhatunfamiliarconceptionfortheaveragemind Furthermore theequationEisequaltomcsquared inwhichenergyisputequaltomass multipliedbythesquareofthevelocityoflight showedthatverysmallamountsofmassmaybeconvertedintoaverylargeamountofenergyandviceversa Themassandenergywereinfactequivalent accordingtotheformulamentionedbefore ThiswasdemonstratedbyCockcroftandWaltonin1932 experimentally BeforeReading 2 4 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading WhenHitlercametopower EinsteinimmediatelydecidedtoleaveGermanyfortheUnitedStates HetookapositionattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyatPrinceton NewJersey In1939EinsteincollaboratedwithseveralotherphysicistsinwritingalettertoPresidentFranklinD Roosevelt pointingoutthepossibilityofmakinganatomicbombandthelikelihoodthattheGermangovernmentwasembarkingonsuchacourse Theletter whichboreonlyEinstein ssignature helpedlendurgencytoeffortsintheU S tobuildtheatomicbomb butEinsteinhimselfplayednoroleintheworkandknewnothingaboutitatthetime BeforeReading 2 5 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading After1919 Einsteinbecameinternationallyrenowned Heaccruedhonorsandawards includingtheNobelPrizeinphysicsin1921 fromvariousworldscientificsocieties Hisvisittoanypartoftheworldbecameanationalevent photographersandreportersfollowedhimeverywhere Afterthewar EinsteinwasactiveinthecauseofinternationaldisarmamentandworldgovernmentbutdeclinedtheoffermadebyleadersofthestateofIsraeltobecomepresidentofthatcountry IntheU S duringthelate1940sandearly1950shespokeoutontheneedforthenation sintellectualstomakeanysacrificenecessarytopreservepoliticalfreedom EinsteindiedinPrincetononApril18 1955 BeforeReading 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading TheYo Yoisasimpletoyconsistingofagrooveddoublediskwithastringaboutthecenter Theplayerholdstheendofthestringwhichunwindsitselfasthediskisdropped Thenbyaslightjerkonthestring theplayercausesittorewinditself andtoreelupbacktothehand ThetoyissaidtohaveoriginatedinthePhilippines Since1930ithasbecomeapopulartoyandeventodaychildrenindifferentcountriesplaytheYo Yoandcompeteinvariouscontests TheYo Yo BeforeReading 4 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading NobelPrizesareannualmonetaryawardsgrantedtoindividualsorinstitutionsforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldsofphysics chemistry physiologyormedicine literature internationalpeace andeconomicsciences TheNobelPrizesareinternationallyrecognizedasthemostprestigiousawardsin TheNobelPrize eachofthesefields TheprizeswereestablishedbySwedishinventorandindustrialistAlfredBernhardNobel whosetupafundfortheminhiswill ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedonDecember10 1901 thefifthanniversaryofNobel sdeath BeforeReading 5 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading FrankWinfieldWoolworth 1852 1919 anAmericanmerchant wasborninRodman NewYork Heestablishedin1879afive centstoreatUtica NewYork whichfailed andthesameyearhestartedasuccessfulfive and ten centstoreatLancaster Pennsylvania WoolworthopenedmanyothersandsoonextendedbusinessthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtoseveralforeigncountries In1911theF W WoolworthCompanywasincorporatedwithownershipofover1 000five and tens andhebecamedirectorofvariousfinancialfirms ThelastWoolworthstoreswereclosedin1998 WoolworthhadtheWoolworthBuildingerectedinNewYorkCityin1913 thehighestbuildingintheworld 792ft 241 4m atthattime Woolworth s ForPart2Short answerQuestion GlobeReading main 1 PartDivisionoftheText 3 AnAnalysisofEinstein sPersonality ForPart1MultipleChoice ForPart3 QuestionsandAnswers BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 2 FurtherUnderstanding GlobeReading 1 PartDivisionoftheText BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading MainIdeas Lines Parts 1 1 40 2 41 52 3 53 72 Einsteinwasaplainandsimplemaninhisdailylife Thoughhewasworldfamous Einsteinremainedpurelyandexclusivelyatheorist Einsteinneverunderstoodhisfame GlobeReading 2 1 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading MultipleChoice 1 WhentheyoungvisitorcametoEinstein shome hewas A frightenedB uneasyC self confidentD frustrated 2 WhatdidEinsteindoaftertheauthorsuggestedhimtryshavingcream A Hetriedtheshavingcreamthenextmorningandwasreallysatisfiedwithit B Hedeclinedtheofferandusedrazorandwaterasbefore C Hethoughtthecreamwasofnouse D Hebecamecuriousaboutthecomponentsofthecream GlobeReading 2 1 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 3 Thewatermark W forWoolworth sinEinstein sstationerysuggeststhat A hedidn thaveenoughmoneytobuythebetterstationeryB hewasintendedtoshowthatheasimportantasotherpeopleC hedidnottakeanyinterestinprestigeD hedidn thavepersonalambitionthoughhewasworld famous GlobeReading 2 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Short AnswerQuestion Directions ToshowEinsteinispurelyandexclusivelyatheorist theauthorgivesusthreeexamplesinthispart Youarerequiredtowritethreesentencestosummarizethethreeexamples Eachsentenceshouldbefewerthan20words 1 Hewouldn twalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy 2 Hedidn thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible 3 Hepursedvarioustheoriesfortheworkofatoybutfailedtoknowitsoperatingprinciple GlobeReading 2 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading QuestionsandAnswers Whatisthebesttitleofthispart Einstein sattitudetowardhisfame 2 HowdidEinsteinfeelabouthisownfame Hesaidhehadasgoodideasasotherpeopleandthathisideashadbeenacceptedbecausehehadtheluck Hewasevenpuzzledbyhimself Hecouldnotunderstandwhyhereceivedsomuchattentionandwassingledoutsomethingspecial 1 Hewasbeyondpretension 2 HeboughthisstationeryinWoolworth s afive and ten centvarietystore 3 Henevercarriedmoneywithhimbecausehehadnouseforit 4 Heusedonlywaterandsafetyrazortoshave 5 Heneededonlyapencilandapadofpapertodohiswork GlobeReading 3 1 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading AnAnalysisofEinstein sPersonality 1 Hewasreadytocometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim 2 Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach 3 Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould 4 Henevershowedjealousy vanity bitterness anger resentment orpersonalambition 1 HewrotealongpoemofthankstoasmallboywhohadsenthimaYo Yo 2 Hecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld smostimportantpeoplewithordinarystationery 3 Hethoughtthathisideashadbeenacceptedbecausehewasaluckyman 1 Hedidnothavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories 2 Hewouldnotwalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy 3 HedidnothaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhisPhotoelectricTheorycouldmakeTVpossible 4 Hetriedinvaintodeducetheoperatingprincipleofatoybirdbutrefusedtotakeitaparttoseehowitactuallyworked GlobeReading 3 2 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Article S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading SeenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriendEinsteinwasasimple modestandordinaryman SeenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriendEinsteinwasasimple modestandordinaryman Article W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading MyfatherwasaclosefriendofAlbertEinstein AsashyyoungvisitortoEinstein shome IwasmadetofeelateasewhenEinsteinsaid Ihavesomethingtoshowyou HewenttohisdeskandreturnedwithaYo Yo Hetriedtoshowmehowitworkedbuthecouldn tmakeitrollbackupthestring Whenmyturncame Idisplayedmyfewtricksandpointedouttohimthattheincorrectlyloopedstringhadthrownthetoyoffbalance Einsteinnodded properlyimpressedbymyskillandknowledge Article1 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading TheProfessorandtheYo YoThomasLeeBuckywithJosephP Blank Later IboughtanewYo YoandmailedittotheProfessorasaChristmaspresent andreceivedapoemofthanks Asaboyandthenasanadult IneverlostmywonderatthepersonalitythatwasEinstein HewastheonlypersonIknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim Heknewwhathewantedandhewantedonlythis tounderstandwithinhislimitsasahumanbeingthenatureoftheuniverseandthelogicandsimplicityinitsfunctioning Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach Butthisdidnotfrustratehim Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould Article2 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Inthe23yearsofourfriendship Ineversawhimshowjealousy vanity bitterness anger resentment orpersonalambition Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions Hewasbeyondanypretension Althoughhecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld smostimportantpeople hisstationerycarriedonlyawatermark W forWoolworth s Article3 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Todohisworkheneededonlyapencilandapadofpaper Materialthingsmeantnothingtohim Ineverknewhimtocarrymoneybecauseheneverhadanyuseforit Hebelievedinsimplicity somuchsothatheusedonlyasafetyrazorandwatertoshave WhenIsuggestedthathetryshavingcream hesaid Therazorandwaterdothejob ButProfessor whydon tyoutrythecreamjustonce Iargued Itmakesshavingsmootherandlesspainful Heshrugged Finally Ipresentedhimwithatubeofshavingcream Thenextmorningwhenhecamedowntobreakfast hewasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew greatdiscovery Youknow thatcreamreallyworks heannounced Itdoesn tpullthebeard Itfeelswonderful Thereafter heusedtheshavingcreameverymorninguntilthetubewasempty Thenherevertedtousingplainwater Article4 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist Hedidn thavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories HisE mc2isprobablythemostfamousequationinhistory yetEinsteinwouldn twalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy HewontheNobelPrizeforhisPhotoelectricTheory aseriesofequationsthatheconsideredrelativelyminorinimportance buthedidn thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible MybrotheroncegavetheProfessoratoy abirdthatbalancedontheedgeofabowlofwaterandrepeatedlydunkeditsheadinthewater Einsteinwatcheditindelight tryingtodeducetheoperatingprinciple Buthecouldn t Thenextmorningheannounced IhadthoughtaboutthatbirdforalongtimebeforeIwenttobedanditmustworkthisway Hebeganalongexplanation Thenhestopped realizingaflawinhisreasoning No Iguessthat snotit hesaid HepursuedvarioustheoriesforseveraldaysuntilIsuggestedwetakethetoyaparttoseehowitdidwork Hisquickexpressionofdisapprovaltoldmehedidnotagreewiththispracticalapproach Heneverdidworkoutthesolution Article5 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Article6 S BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading AnotherpuzzlethatEinsteincouldneverunderstandwashisownfame Hehaddevelopedtheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists Yethisnamewasahouseholdwordacrossthecivilizedworld I vehadgoodideas andsohaveothermen heoncesaid Butit sbeenmygoodfortunethatmyideashavebeenaccepted Hewasbewilderedbyhisfame peoplewantedtomeethim strangersstaredathimonthestreet scientists statesmen students andhousewiveswrotehimletters Henevercouldunderstandwhyhereceivedthisattention whyhewassingledoutassomethingspecial MyfatherwasaclosefriendofAlbertEinstein AsashyyoungvisitortoEinstein shome IwasmadetofeelateasewhenEinsteinsaid Ihavesomethingtoshowyou HewenttohisdeskandreturnedwithaYo Yo Hetriedtoshowmehowitworkedbuthecouldn tmakeitrollbackupthestring Whenmyturncame Idisplayedmyfewtricksandpointedouttohimthattheincorrectlyloopedstringhadthrownthetoyoffbalance Einsteinnodded properlyimpressedbymyskillandknowledge Article1 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading TheProfessorandtheYo YoThomasLeeBuckywithJosephP Blank Later IboughtanewYo YoandmailedittotheProfessorasaChristmaspresent andreceivedapoemofthanks Article2 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Asaboyandthenasanadult IneverlostmywonderatthepersonalitythatwasEinstein HewastheonlypersonIknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim Heknewwhathewantedandhewantedonlythis tounderstandwithinhislimitsasahumanbeingthenatureoftheuniverseandthelogicandsimplicityinitsfunctioning Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach Butthisdidnotfrustratehim Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould Inthe23yearsofourfriendship Ineversawhimshowjealousy vanity bitterness anger resentment orpersonalambition Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions Hewasbeyondanypretension Althoughhecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld smostimportantpeople hisstationerycarriedonlyawatermark W forWoolworth s Heshrugged Finally Ipresentedhimwithatubeofshavingcream Thenextmorningwhenhecamedowntobreakfast hewasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew greatdiscovery Youknow thatcreamreallyworks heannounced Itdoesn tpullthebeard Itfeelswonderful Thereafter heusedtheshavingcreameverymorninguntilthetubewasempty Thenherevertedtousingplainwater Article3 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Todohisworkheneededonlyapencilandapadofpaper Materialthingsmeantnothingtohim Ineverknewhimtocarrymoneybecauseheneverhadanyuseforit Hebelievedinsimplicity somuchsothatheusedonlyasafetyrazorandwatertoshave WhenIsuggestedthathetryshavingcream hesaid Therazorandwaterdothejob ButProfessor whydon tyoutrythecreamjustonce Iargued Itmakesshavingsmootherandlesspainful Article4 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist Hedidn thavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories HisE mc2isprobablythemostfamousequationinhistory yetEinsteinwouldn twalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy HewontheNobelPrizeforhisPhotoelectricTheory aseriesofequationsthatheconsideredrelativelyminorinimportance buthedidn thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible MybrotheroncegavetheProfessoratoy abirdthatbalancedontheedgeofabowlofwaterandrepeatedlydunkeditsheadinthewater Einsteinwatcheditindelight tryingtodeducetheoperatingprinciple Buthecouldn t Thenextmorningheannounced IhadthoughtaboutthatbirdforalongtimebeforeIwenttobedanditmustworkthisway Hebeganalongexplanation Thenhestopped realizingaflawinhisreasoning No Iguessthat snotit hesaid HepursuedvarioustheoriesforseveraldaysuntilIsuggestedwetakethetoyaparttoseehowitdidwork Hisquickexpressionofdisapprovaltoldmehedidnotagreewiththispracticalapproach Heneverdidworkoutthesolution Article5 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading statesmen students andhousewiveswrotehimletters Henevercouldunderstandwhyhereceivedthisattention whyhewassingledoutassomethingspecial Article6 W BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading AnotherpuzzlethatEinsteincouldneverunderstandwashisownfame Hehaddevelopedtheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists Yethisnamewasahouseholdwordacrossthecivilizedworld I vehadgoodideas andsohaveothermen heoncesaid Butit sbeenmygoodfortunethatmyideashavebeenaccepted Hewasbewilderedbyhisfame peoplewantedtomeethim strangersstaredathimonthestreet scientists MyfatherwasaclosefriendofAlbertEins