上肢肌和下肢肌

Muscles of upper limb 上肢肌,The muscles of upper limb are divided into: Muscles of shoulderMuscles of armMuscles of forearm Muscles of hand,Muscles of shoulder,Deltoid 三角肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus 冈下肌Teres minor 小圆肌Teres major 大圆肌Subscapularis 肩胛下肌,deltoid,supraspinatus,infraspinatus,teres minor,teres major,subscapularis,Deltoid 三角肌Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapulaInsertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: abducts the arm，anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm,Teres major 大圆肌Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapulaInsertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerusAction: medially rotates and adducts arm,deltoid,supraspinatus,infraspinatus,teres minor,teres major,subscapularis,Muscles of arm,Anterior groupBiceps brachii 肱二头肌Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Brachialis 肱肌Posterior group Triceps brachii 肱三头肌,biceps brachii,coracobrachialis,brachialis,triceps brachii,Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid processInsertion: radial tuberosityAction: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should jointNerve supply: Musculocutaneous n.,biceps brachii,coracobrachialis,brachialis,Triceps brachii 肱三头肌Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n., medical head, below groove for radical n.Insertion: olecranon of ulnaAction: extends elbow joint, long head can extend and adduct shoulder joint,Trilateral and quadrilateral foramina 三边孔和四边孔Between the subscapularis and teres major, there is a long triangular space whose lateral side is surgical neck of humerus. The long head of triceps brachii subdivides this space into a medial trilateral foramen and a lateral quadrilateral foramen.,Antererior group (9)Superficial layer (5)Brachioradialis 肱桡肌Pronator teres 旋前圆肌Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌Palmaris longus 掌长肌Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌,Muscles of forearm,brachioradialis,pronator teres,flexor carpi radialis,palmaris longus,flexor carpi ulnaris,Pronator teres 旋前圆肌Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearmInsertion: middle of lateral surface of radiusAction: pronation of forearm and flexion of elbowNerve supply: median n.,Second layer (1) Flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌Third layer (2)Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌Fourth layer (1)Pronator quadratus 旋前方肌Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm,flexor digitorum superficialis,flexor digitorum profundus,flexor pollicis longus,pronator quadratus,Posterior group (10)Superficial layer (5)Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌Extensor digitorum 指伸肌Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌,extensor carpi radialis longus,extensor carpi radialis brevis,extensor digitorum,extensor digiti minimi,extensor carpi ulnaris,Deep layer (5)Supinator 旋后肌Abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌Extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌Extensor indicis 示指伸肌Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm,supinator,abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis brevis,extensor pollicis longus,extensor indicis,Supinator 旋后肌Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulnaInsertion: upper third of anterior surface of radiusAction: supination of forearm,Lateral groupthenar 鱼际 (4)Abductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌Adductor pollicis 拇收肌Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumbMedial grouphypothenar 小鱼际（3）Abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌Flexor digiti minimi brevis 小指短屈肌Opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌Action: flex, abduct, and oppose little finger,Muscles of hand,Intermedial groupLumbricales (4) 蚓状肌 flex fingers at MP joints; extend fingers at IP jointsPalmar interossei (3) 骨间掌侧肌 adduct fingers towards middle finger at MP jointsDorsal interossei (4) 骨间背侧肌 abduct fingers away from middle finger at MP joints,Muscles of lower limb 下肢肌,The muscles of lower limb are divided into: Muscles of hipMuscles of thighMuscles of leg Muscles of foot,Muscles of hip 髋肌,Anterior groupIliopsoas 髂腰肌Iliacus 髂肌Psoas major 腰大肌Psoas minor 腰小肌Tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌,tensor fasciae latae,iliacus,psoas major,psoas minor,iliopsoas 髂腰肌Origin: Psoas major: transverse processes and lateral surface of bodies of lumbar vertebraeIliacus: iliac fossaInsertion: lesser trochanter of femurAction: flexes thigh on trunkNerve supply: lumbar plexus,Posterior groupGluteus maximus 臀大肌Gluteus medius 臀中肌Gluteus minimus 臀小肌Piriformis 梨状肌Obturator internus 闭孔内肌Obturator externus 闭孔外肌Quadratus femoris 股方肌,quadratus femoris,gluteus maximus,gluteus medius,gluteus minimus,piriformis,obturator internus,obturator externus,Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Origin: gluteal surface of ilium and dorsal aspect of sacrumInsertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tractAction: extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; raises trunk when the lower limb is fixedNerve supply: inferior gluteal n.,Piriformis 梨状肌Origin: the front surface of sacrumInsertion: upper border of the greater trochanterAction: lateral rotation, abduction,Muscles of thigh,Anterior groupSartorius 缝匠肌Quadriceps femoris股四头肌Rectus femoris 股直肌Vastus lateralis 股外侧肌Vastus intermedius 股中间肌Vastus medialis 股内侧肌Blood supply: femoral arteryNerve supply: femoral nerve,sartorius,rectus femoris,vastus lateralis,vastus intermedius,vastus medialis,Sartorius 缝匠肌 Origin: anterior superior iliac spineInsertion: upper medial surface of tibiaAction: flexes hip and knee joints; rotates flexed knee mediallyNerve supply: femoral n.,Quadriceps femoris 股四头肌Origin: Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spineVastus medialis: medial lip of linea asperaVastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea asperaVastus intermedius: anterior surface of femurInsertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligamentAction: extends leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also flexes thigh at hip jointNerve supply: femoral n.,Medial groupPectineus 耻骨肌Adductor longus 长收肌Adductor brevis 短收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Gracilis 股薄肌Action: adduct thigh at hip jointBlood supply: Deep femoral a. Obturator a. Nerves supply: obturator n.,pectineus,adductor longus,adductor brevis,adductor magnus,gracilis,Posterior groupBiceps femoris 股二头肌Semitendinosus 半腱肌 Semimembranosus 半膜肌 ActionFlex the leg at knee joint Extend the thigh at hip joint,biceps femoris,semitendinosus,semimembranosus,Muscles of leg,Anterior groupTibialis anterior 胫骨前肌Extensor hallucis longus 长伸肌Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌(Peroneus tertius 第三腓骨肌)Blood supply: Anterior tibial a.Nerve supply: Deep peroneal n.,tibialis anterior,extensor hallucis longus,extensor digitorum longus,peroneus tertius,Tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌Origin: lateral surface of tibiaInsertion: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal Action: dorsiflexes and inverts footNerve supply: deep peroneal n.,Lateral groupPeroneus longus 腓骨长肌 Peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌 Action: plantar flex and evert the footBlood supply: branches from the peroneal arteyNerve supply: superficial peroneal n.,peroneus longus,peroneus brevis,Posterior group Superficial layertriceps surae 小腿三头肌 Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌Soleus 比目鱼肌,gastrocnemius,soleus,Triceps surae 小腿三头肌Orig