定语从句剖析.doc

定语从句一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。e.g. He is the man who I want to see. 先行词 关系词 定语从句二、 定语从句的引导词：定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who ，whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。三、定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句四、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1、that 指物和人。在从句中作主语和宾语。例：Jim told us a story that was very interesting.（that指物，作主语）2、which 指物，在从句中作主语和宾语。例：Her shop is a shop which sells medicine. (which指物，在定语从句中作主语)The film which we saw last night was wonderful. (which指物，在从句中作宾语)3、who 指人，在从句中作主语。例The man who visited our class yesterday is our new teacher.（who指人，作主语）4、whom 指人，在从句中，作动词和介词的宾语，口语中可用who代替whom。例：Thats my pen pal whom（=who） you just talked about? （作宾语）5、whose 指人或指物，在从句中作定语，修饰它后面的名词。例如：Wei Fang is the student whose family was rich . （whose指人，作family的定语）Nobody wants the house whose windows are broken. (whose指物，作windows的定语)6、when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7、where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如This is the house where we lived last year. （这些关系副词通常可转换成“介词 + 关系代词”形式。如：The hotel where/at which the visitors are staying is very expensive.）五、关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.2、当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。3、关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前） e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. The house (which) he lives in is quite large. The house in which he lives is quite large.应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。 The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.4、关系代词只能用that的几种情况：1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that EG:Here is something (that) I will tell you.5)先行词被all，any，no, every, little, much, many修饰时定语从句只能用that Here is all the money (that) I have.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导Is it the one（that）you want？8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句Who is the girl that won the first place?注意一、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。二、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?A. what B. where C. / D. when简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。三、解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。所以，D是正确选项。定语从句专项练习一. 单项填空 1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 11. This is the house _I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where 12. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where 13. He didnt tell me the place _he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where 14. Would you like to give me the picture book _ cover（封面） is white?A. that B. who C. whose D. which15. I like writers _write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 11.I prefer singers. The groups play quiet and gentle songs.12.Merry likes music. She can sing along with it.13.Do you know the man? Our teacher is talking with the man.14.He answered a few questions. The teacher asked the questions.15.The books are very interesting. The books are sold in this bookstore.16.The girls shoes are red. She sings songs well.三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3.