全新版大学英语精读4课后3单元.docx

Prevalence PrevalentArgumentation Outlining, 5 causes, thesis(the main argument)1. Early environment2. Parroting3. Self-interest4. Sentimental associations5. Fashion (habitual)Conflicting, parallelism(also, too, again)Language (logical reasoning): law texts-seriousSyntactical: long and involved sentences Simile, metaphor, metonymy, hyperboleScholarly, childishLexical: informal, academicThey wereThey areIt wasHe wasWe areHe wasHe wereHe wasYou areThey areGrammatically, semanticallyFor emphasis of a new ideaMono: single, one, (solo)Di (bi)Tri (trinity, triple)Quart-PentaPolyBe+adj/noun-Vt(使.)A+noun-adv-verse(root): turning to a certain positionDe+v/n-VtTo parrot othersworm onesSnail ones wayWolf downDuck ones wayHe chickened out the last moment. Squirrel awayBe dogged, dog sb, Clam upFiguratively usedAt: around she is at the building. Try but fail Direction In the positionOn: with touchContinuingReferring toOff/out: away Out: over, completePreview2. Review how nouns like the following are often used as verbs in an interesting way. When used as verbs, these words often mean “acting the way these animals do.” for example: 1. He is merely parroting. There is nothing original. 2. She managed to worm her way up to the top. (difficulty)3. Those young people were determined not to snail behind others.(slow)4. He was so hungry that he wolfed down everything in less than one minute. 5. Luckily he ducked just in time to avoid the stone. To avert6. It was a shame that he chickened out at the last moment. 7. It was discovered that all the money had been squirreled away by corrupt officials. 8. A dirt road snaked through the forest. (not straight)9. She was dogged by reporters wherever she went. 10. There were three eyewitnesses, but they all clammed up. (keep silent)When used as verbs, these words often mean “to take away these things”. For example:1. He was sitting there peeling an apple (husking corn/scaling or gutting a fish).2. In those days there was no machine to shell peas and beans. It was all done by hand. 3. It was time to weed the garden. 4. There is an old saying that there is more than one way to skin a cat. 5. We have to dust our rooms every day first in the morning. Note: when used as verbs, the can also mean to put these things in a certain place. For example: 1. It is about time to water the water. 浇水2. He was tarred and feathered. 身上涂了柏油，再粘上羽毛作为惩罚3. The walls are papered. 糊了墙纸的4. You bike needs oiling. 该上油了 3. Complete the following verbs phrases with any of the four preposition(s).1. At2. Out3. Out4. At5. Off/out6. Out7. On/off/out8. On/off/out9. Off/out10. Out11. On12. On/out13. Off/out14. On15. On16. Out17. At/on/off/out18. On/off/out19. On20. At21. At22. At/on/off/out23. At24. Over25. At/on/off/out26. At/off/out27. Off/out28. On29. On/off/out30. At/on/out31. Out32. Out33. On/out34. At/out35. on/off/out36. on/off/out37. On38. On39. Off/out40. Off/out41. Out42. Out43. Off/out44. Off/out45. Off/out46. at/out47. at/out48. at/on/off49. On/off/out50. At 51. Out52. At/on53. Out54. at/off/out55. On/off/out56. Off/out57. On/off58. On/out59. On/off/out60. On/off/out61. At/on/off/out62. On/off/out63. At/outPart 2 Expression translation:1. classify/class the animals2. hold/entertain different views3. extend the meaning of the word4. establish a theory5. abandon/give up/shake off/get rid of conviction6. reverse the process7. Value/cherish their respect8. question/challenge/doubt its truth9. belittle/contempt/despise their views10. adopt/accept a new way/fashion/pattern of thinking11. o consideration, make allowance for/allow for12. (verify, testify+对象)Prove/demonstrate/show the opposite13. entertain/harbor/hold all kinds of utopian ideas14. parrot othersPart 2 put appropriate prepositions or adverbs in the blanks. 1. At, against, to, out/over2. At, about3. From, with, off4. On, off5. Out, as6. As, out7. As, out8. On, as, for9. Off, with, as10. At, as11. As, out12. Out, outPart 3 replacing1. meet with, bare assertion2. accept a view uncritically, rest upon perceive 3. hold opposite views, conflicting interests4. only parroting, tend, fit in with (be in line with, agree with)5. conceive of be consistent with6. is also true of. make allowance for7. stock subjects, going to the dogs8. in fashion, argument in its favor(Thesis, arguments, argumentation)9. bear a grudge/hatred/detestation against, recollections10. belittle, dismiss . lightly attribute to11. as a rule, (usually, generally speaking) would be the last person to be, be jealous of12. in light of (as a result of, due to, thanks to), left no room for doubt, around the corner (approaching, imminent, coming)Part 4. Translation:(1) The reform and open policy has resulted in the rapid growth of economy. But we must not forget that the policy in turn resulted from the great emancipation/liberation of peoples minds. (2) Generally speaking/as a rule/theoretically, the fact that you like a person will dispose you to like his ideas, too. (3) It is doubtful if we can ever find a way to dispose of nuclear waste that is 100 percent secure. If possible, we should shift to other energy. (4) I searched around for a set of furniture that would fit in my small sitting room. But I found them out of stock at the moment. Find + object + object complement.room, only to find that they were out.(5) When serving the customer, the innkeeper found that the man fit the descriptions of the wanted murder suspect. (6) When asked how to keep fit/healthy, he would always give his stock advice: Stick to good eating habit-meaning: No salt, no sugar, no fat.(7) As a result of the fact that the water was unfit for swimming, let alone/needless to say drinking, many people in the region got sick. (8) He did not lose his temper when he heard this as though he would. On the contrary, he was suddenly seized by a fit of laughter. (9) When completed, this subway will be extended to cover the whole city. (10) That the stock market did not seem to respond to the economic boom puzzled everybody. No wonder people decided to hold their stocks. The stock market did not seem to respond to the economic boom, which puzzled.Part 5. Choose the appropriate word or expression from the brackets. 1. beyond question2. out of the question3. On the contrary, firm/resolute4. Conversely/On the other hand5. On the other hand6. take into consideration7. think, make allowance for8. stopped/ended, sentiment/feeling9. proposition, conviction, emotions10. ideas, dogmas,feelings/sentimentsGrammarPart 1. Part 2. Shorten the following adverbial clauses where possible. 1. The adverbial clause can not be cut short.2. If cooked too long, .3. The adverbial clause can not be cut short.4. Tho